Universal Relation between Longitudinal and Transverse Conductivities in Quantum Hall Effect
Universal Relation between Longitudinal and Transverse Conductivities in Quantum Hall Effect
We show that any critical transition region between two adjacent Hall plateaus in either integer or fractional quantum Hall effect is characterized by a universal semi-circle relationship between the longitudinal and transverse conductivities, provided the sample is homogeneous and isotropic on a large scale. This conclusion is demonstrated both for …