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Berry's phases for arbitrary spins nonlinearly coupled to external fields: application to the entanglement of<i>N</i>> 2 non-correlated 1/2-spins
We derive the general formula giving Berry's phase for an arbitrary spin, having both magnetic-dipole and electric-quadrupole couplings with external time-dependent fields. We assume that the 'effective' electric and magnetic fields remain orthogonal during the quantum cycles. This mild restriction has many advantages. It provides simple symmetries leading to useful …