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Bogoliubov sound speed in periodically modulated Bose-Einstein condensates
We study the Bogoliubov excitations of a Bose-condensed gas in an optical lattice. Of primary interest is the long wavelength phonon dispersion for both current-free and current-carrying condensates. We obtain the dispersion relation by carrying out a systematic expansion of the Bogoliubov equations in powers of the phonon wave vector. …