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Dark solitons and vortices in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="script">PT</mml:mi></mml:math>-symmetric nonlinear media: From spontaneous symmetry breaking to nonlinear<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="script">PT</mml:mi></mml:math>phase transitions
We consider nonlinear analogues of Parity-Time (PT) symmetric linear systems exhibiting defocusing nonlinearities. We study the ground state and excited states (dark solitons and vortices) of the system and report the following remarkable features. For relatively weak values of the parameter $\varepsilon$ controlling the strength of the PT-symmetric potential, excited …