Spontaneous Circulation in Ground-State Spinor Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates
Spontaneous Circulation in Ground-State Spinor Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates
We report on a study of the spin-1 ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate with magnetic dipole-dipole interactions. By solving the nonlocal Gross-Pitaevskii equations for this system, we find three ground-state phases. Moreover, we show that a substantial orbital angular momentum accompanied by chiral symmetry breaking emerges spontaneously in a certain parameter regime. …