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Acceleration of Solar Wind Ions by Nearby Interplanetary Shocks: Comparison of Monte Carlo Simulations with<i>Ulysses</i>Observations
Various theoretical techniques have been devised to determine distribution functions of particles accelerated by the first-order Fermi mechanism at collisionless astrophysical shocks. The most stringent test of these models as descriptors of the phenomenon of diffusive acceleration is a comparison of the theoretical predictions with observational data on particle populations. …