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Antiferromagnetic, metal-insulator, and superconducting phase transitions in underdoped cuprates: Slave-fermion<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">t</mml:mi><mml:mo>โ</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">J</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>model in the hopping expansion
We study a system of doped antiferromagnet in three dimensions at finite temperatures using the $t$-$J$ model, a canonical model of strongly correlated electrons. We employ the slave-fermion representation of electrons, in which an electron is described as a composite of a charged spinless holon and a chargeless spinon. We โฆ