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Implications of the cosmic ray spectrum for the mass composition at the highest energies
The significant attenuation of the cosmic-ray flux above $\sim 5 10^{19}$ eV suggests that the observed high-energy spectrum is shaped by the so-called GZK effect. This interaction of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with the ambient radiation fields also affects their composition. We review the effect of photo-dissociation interactions on different …