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Giant Improper Ferroelectricity in the Ferroaxial Magnet<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>CaMn</mml:mi><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>
In rhombohedral CaMn7O12, an improper ferroelectric polarization of magnitude 2870 {\mu}C m-2 is induced by an incommensurate helical magnetic structure that evolves below TN1 = 90 K. The electric polarization was found to be constrained to the high symmetry three-fold rotation axis of the crystal structure, perpendicular to the in-plane …