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Gribov horizon and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:math>-particles: About a toy model and the construction of physical operators
Restricting the functional integral to the Gribov region $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ leads to a deep modification of the behavior of Euclidean Yang-Mills theories in the infrared region. For example, a gluon propagator of the Gribov type, $\frac{{k}^{2}}{{k}^{4}+{\stackrel{^}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}}^{4}}$, can be viewed as a propagating pair of unphysical modes, called here $i$-particles, with complex …