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Ground-State Roughness of the Disordered Substrate and Flux Lines in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">d</mml:mi><mml:mspace /><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mspace /><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mn /></mml:math>
We apply optimization algorithms to the problem of finding ground states for crystalline surfaces and flux-line arrays in the presence of disorder. The algorithms provide ground states in polynomial time, which provides for a more precise study of the interface widths than from Monte Carlo simulations at finite temperature. Using …