A comparison of 3D particle, fluid and hybrid simulations for negative streamers
A comparison of 3D particle, fluid and hybrid simulations for negative streamers
Modeling individual free electrons can be important in the simulation of discharge streamers. Stochastic fluctuations in the electron density can accelerate the branching of streamers. In negative streamers, energetic electrons can even 'run away' and contribute to processes such as terrestrial gamma-ray and electron flashes. To track energies and locations …