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Direct Observation of Charge Order and an Orbital Glass State in Multiferroic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>LuFe</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>
Geometrical frustration of the Fe ions in LuFe2O4 leads to intricate charge and magnetic order and a strong magnetoelectric coupling. Using resonant x-ray diffraction at the Fe K edge, the anomalous scattering factors of both Fe sites are deduced from the (h/3 k/3 l/2) reflections. The chemical shift between the …