A characterization of virtually embedded subsurfaces in $3$-manifolds
A characterization of virtually embedded subsurfaces in $3$-manifolds
This paper introduces the spirality character of the almost fiber part for a closed essentially immersed subsurface of a closed orientable aspherical 3-manifold, which generalizes an invariant due to Rubinstein and Wang. The subsurface is virtually embedded if and only if the almost fiber part is aspiral, and in this …