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Quantization of point particles in (2 + 1)-dimensional gravity and spacetime discreteness

Quantization of point particles in (2 + 1)-dimensional gravity and spacetime discreteness

By investigating the canonical commutation rules for gravitating quantized particles in a (2 + 1)-dimensional world, it is found that these particles live on a spacetime lattice. The spacetime lattice points can be characterized by three integers. Various representations are possible, the details depending on the topology chosen for energy …