Fluctuation theorem for constrained equilibrium systems
Fluctuation theorem for constrained equilibrium systems
We discuss the fluctuation properties of equilibrium chaotic systems with constraints such as isokinetic and Nos\'e-Hoover thermostats. Although the dynamics of these systems does not typically preserve phase-space volumes, the average phase-space contraction rate vanishes, so that the stationary states are smooth. Nevertheless, finite-time averages of the phase-space contraction rate …