Transmissibility and geographic spread of the 1889 influenza pandemic
Transmissibility and geographic spread of the 1889 influenza pandemic
Until now, mortality and spreading mechanisms of influenza pandemics have been studied only for the 1918, 1957, and 1968 pandemics; none have concerned the 19th century. Herein, we examined the 1889 “Russian” pandemic. Clinical attack rates were retrieved for 408 geographic entities in 14 European countries and in the United …