Gravitational Waves from the Sound of a First Order Phase Transition
Gravitational Waves from the Sound of a First Order Phase Transition
We report on the first three-dimensional numerical simulations of first-order phase transitions in the early Universe to include the cosmic fluid as well as the scalar field order parameter. We calculate the gravitational wave (GW) spectrum resulting from the nucleation, expansion, and collision of bubbles of the low-temperature phase, for …