Signatures of Electron Fractionalization in Ultraquantum Bismuth
Signatures of Electron Fractionalization in Ultraquantum Bismuth
Because of the long Fermi wavelength of itinerant electrons, the quantum limit of elemental bismuth (unlike most metals) can be attained with a moderate magnetic field. The quantized orbits of electrons shrink with increasing magnetic field. Beyond the quantum limit, the circumference of these orbits becomes shorter than the Fermi …