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Hard x-ray photoemission and density functional theory study of the internal electric field in SrTiO<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow /><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>/LaAlO<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow /><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>oxide heterostructures
A combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the electronic structure of the archetypal oxide heterointerface system LaAlO${}_{3}$ on SrTiO${}_{3}$ is presented. High-resolution, hard x-ray photoemission is used to uncover the occupation of Ti $3d$ states and the relative energetic alignment---and hence internal electric fields---within the LaAlO${}_{3}$ layer. First, the Ti …