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Sliding Phases in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">XY</mml:mi></mml:math>Models, Crystals, and Cationic Lipid-DNA Complexes
We predict the existence of a new class of phases in weakly coupled, three-dimensional stacks of two-dimensional (2D) $\mathrm{XY}$ models. These ``sliding phases'' behave like decoupled, independent 2D $\mathrm{XY}$ models with zero free-energy cost for macroscopic relative rotation of spins in different layers and algebraic decay of two-point spin correlation …