Evidence of Rayleigh-Hertz Surface Waves and Shear Stiffness Anomaly in Granular Media
Evidence of Rayleigh-Hertz Surface Waves and Shear Stiffness Anomaly in Granular Media
Using the nonlinear dependence of sound propagation speed with pressure, we evidence the anomalous elastic softness of a granular packing in the vicinity of the jamming transition. Under gravity and close to a free surface, the acoustic propagation is only possible through surface modes guided by the stiffness gradient. These …