Critical fluctuations in a soliton formation of attractive Bose-Einstein condensates
Critical fluctuations in a soliton formation of attractive Bose-Einstein condensates
We employ mean-field, Bogoliubov, and many-body theories to study critical fluctuations in position and momentum of a Bose-Einstein condensate whose translation symmetry is spontaneously broken due to attractive interactions. In a homogeneous system, the many-body ground state of the symmetry-preserving Hamiltonian is very fragile against superposition of low-lying states, while …