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On Fermi acceleration and magnetohydrodynamic instabilities at ultra-relativistic magnetized shock waves

On Fermi acceleration and magnetohydrodynamic instabilities at ultra-relativistic magnetized shock waves

Fermi acceleration can take place at ultra-relativistic shock waves if the upstream or downstream magnetic field has been remodelled so that most of the magnetic power lies on short spatial scales. The relevant conditions under which Fermi acceleration becomes efficient in the presence of both coherent and short-scale turbulent magnetic …