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Spectrally Narrow, Long-Term Stable Optical Frequency Reference Based on a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>Eu</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>∶</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>SiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Crystal at Cryogenic Temperature
Using an ultrastable continuous-wave laser at 580 nm we performed spectral hole burning of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}\ensuremath{\mathbin:}{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5}$ at a very high spectral resolution. The essential parameters determining the usefulness as a macroscopic frequency reference, linewidth, temperature sensitivity, and long-term stability, were characterized using a H-maser stabilized frequency comb. Spectral holes with a …