Creating Vortex Rings and Three-Dimensional Skyrmions in Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creating Vortex Rings and Three-Dimensional Skyrmions in Bose-Einstein Condensates
We propose a method of generating a vortex ring in a Bose-Einstein condensate by means of electromagnetically induced atomic transitions. Some remnant population of atoms in a second internal state remains within the toroidal trap formed by the mean-field repulsion of the vortex ring. This population can be removed, or …