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Observables in loop quantum gravity with a cosmological constant

Observables in loop quantum gravity with a cosmological constant

In many quantum gravity approaches, the cosmological constant is introduced by deforming the gauge group into a quantum group. In three dimensions, the quantization of the Chern-Simons formulation of gravity provided the first example of such a deformation. The Turaev-Viro model, which is an example of a spin-foam model, is …