Lifetimes of spherically symmetric closed universes
Lifetimes of spherically symmetric closed universes
It is proven that any spherically symmetric spacetime that possesses a compact Cauchy surface \ensuremath{\Sigma} and that satisfies the dominant-energy and non-negative-pressure conditions must have a finite lifetime in the sense that all timelike curves in such a spacetime must have a length no greater than 10 ${\mathrm{max}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}$(2m), where m …