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Engineering two-dimensional electron gases at the (001) and (101) surfaces of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">TiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>anatase using light
We report the existence of metallic two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) at the (001) and (101) surfaces of bulk-insulating TiO2 anatase due to local chemical doping by oxygen vacancies in the near-surface region. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we find that the electronic structure at both surfaces is composed of two occupied …