Superfluidity and mean-field energy loops: Hysteretic behavior in Bose-Einstein condensates
Superfluidity and mean-field energy loops: Hysteretic behavior in Bose-Einstein condensates
We present a theory of hysteretic phenomena in Bose gases, using superfluidity in one-dimensional rings and in optical lattices as primary examples. Through this study we are able to give a physical interpretation of swallow-tail loops recently found by many authors in the mean-field energy structure of trapped atomic gases. …