Non-Equilibrium Bose–Einstein Condensation in a Dissipative Environment
Non-Equilibrium Bose–Einstein Condensation in a Dissipative Environment
Solid state quantum condensates can differ from other condensates, such as Helium, ultracold atomic gases, and superconductors, in that the condensing quasiparticles have relatively short lifetimes, and so, as for lasers, external pumping is required to maintain a steady state. In this chapter we present a non-equilibrium path integral approach …