Nonstandard symmetry classes in mesoscopic normal-superconducting hybrid structures
Nonstandard symmetry classes in mesoscopic normal-superconducting hybrid structures
Normal-conducting mesoscopic systems in contact with a superconductor are classified by the symmetry operations of time reversal and rotation of the electron's spin. Four symmetry classes are identified, which correspond to Cartan's symmetric spaces of type C, CI, D, and DIII. A detailed study is made of the systems where …