Involutions on Klein spaces ๐(๐,๐)
Involutions on Klein spaces ๐(๐,๐)
The Klein spaces <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper M left-parenthesis p comma q right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">M(p,\,q)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> are defined (up to homeomorphisms) to be the class of closed, orientable, irreducible <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" โฆ