On the Distribution of Spacings Between Zeros of the Zeta Function

Andrew Odlyzko

Type: Article

Publication Date: 1987-01-01

Citations: 63

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2007890

Abstract

A numerical study of the distribution of spacings between zeros of the Riemann zeta function is presented. It is based on values for the first ${10^5}$ zeros and for zeros number ${10^{12}} + 1$ to ${10^{12}} + {10^5}$ that are accurate to within $\pm {10^{ - 8}}$, and which were calculated on the Cray-1 and Cray X-MP computers. This study tests the Montgomery pair correlation conjecture as well as some further conjectures that predict that the zeros of the zeta function behave like eigenvalues of random Hermitian matrices. Matrices of this type are used in modeling energy levels in physics, and many statistical properties of their eigenvalues are known. The agreement between actual statistics for zeros of the zeta function and conjectured results is generally good, and improves at larger heights. Several initially unexpected phenomena were found in the data and some were explained by relating them to the primes.

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