The Markoff group of transformations in prime and composite moduli

Abstract

The Markoff group of transformations is a group Γ of affine integral morphisms, which is known to act transitively on the set of all positive integer solutions to the equation x2+y2+z2=xyz. The fundamental strong approximation conjecture for the Markoff equation states that for every prime p, the group Γ acts transitively on the set X∗(p) of nonzero solutions to the same equation over Z/pZ. Recently, Bourgain, Gamburd, and Sarnak proved this conjecture for all primes outside a small exceptional set. Here, we study a group of permutations obtained by the action of Γ on X∗(p), and show that for most primes, it is the full symmetric or alternating group. We use this result to deduce that Γ acts transitively also on the set of nonzero solutions in a big class of composite moduli. Finally, our result also translates to a parallel in the case r=2 of a well-known theorem of Gilman and Evans regarding "Tr-systems" of PSL(2,p).

Locations

• Duke Mathematical Journal - View
• arXiv (Cornell University) - View - PDF
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