Type: Book-Chapter
Publication Date: 2016-12-21
Citations: 1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-240-3_7
In 1867, E. Beltrami (Ann Mat Pura Appl 1(2):329–366, 1867, [12]) introduced a second order elliptic operator on Riemannian manifolds, defined by $$\Delta ={\mathrm{{div}\,}}\circ {{\mathrm {grad}\,}}$$ , extending the Laplace operator on $$\mathbb {R}^{n}$$ , called the Laplace–Beltrami operator. The Laplace–Beltrami operator became one of the most important operators in Mathematics and Physics, playing a fundamental role in differential geometry, geometric analysis, partial differential equations, probability, potential theory, stochastic process, just to mention a few. It is in important in various differential equations that describe physical phenomena such as the diffusion equation for the heat and fluid flow, wave propagation, Laplace equation and minimal surfaces.
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