Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science

Medicinal Plant Research

Works Count: 50070

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This cluster of papers explores the bioactivities and medicinal properties of various plant extracts, focusing on their potential applications in cancer therapy, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and natural antiviral agents. The research covers phytochemical analysis, pharmacological properties, and ethnobotanical uses of these medicinal plants.

Keywords

Medicinal Plants; Bioactive Compounds; Antioxidant Activity; Cancer Therapy; Pharmacological Properties; Natural Antiviral Agents; Phytochemical Analysis; Anti-Inflammatory Effects; Ethnobotanical Uses; Herbal Medicine

Medicinal plants of Southeast Asia.

2002-01-01

Christophe Wiart

Antioxidant Activities of Rosemary, Sage, and Sumac Extracts and Their Combinations on Stability of Natural Peanut Oil

2003-10-01

Musa Özcan

The antioxidant efficacy of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), sage (Salvia fruticosa L.), and sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) extracts and combinations at 4% concentrations (wt/vol, extract/oil) were investigated. Methanolic extracts of … The antioxidant efficacy of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), sage (Salvia fruticosa L.), and sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) extracts and combinations at 4% concentrations (wt/vol, extract/oil) were investigated. Methanolic extracts of rosemary, sage, sumac, and their combinations were applied to peanut oil stored at 80°C for 24 h. The antioxidant effect was determined by measuring the peroxide value. All extracts showed antioxidant effects compared with control. But the antioxidant effect of all extracts was low compared with that of butylated hydroxytoluene. Rosemary extract (except for 3 and 4 h) exhibited the most antioxidant effect compared with other individual extracts. Of blends, the most effective ones were sage plus sumac combinations. Sumac extract is also promising as a source of natural antioxidants.

Natural Products from Plants

1998-05-29

Peter B. Kaufman , Leland J. Cseke , Sara Warber +2 more

Phytochemicals: The Chemical Components of Plants H.L. Brielmann Jr., W.N. Setzer, P.B. Kaufman, A. Kirakosyan, and L.J. Cseke How and Why These Compounds Are Synthesized by Plants L.J. Cseke, C.R. … Phytochemicals: The Chemical Components of Plants H.L. Brielmann Jr., W.N. Setzer, P.B. Kaufman, A. Kirakosyan, and L.J. Cseke How and Why These Compounds Are Synthesized by Plants L.J. Cseke, C.R. Lu, A. Kornfeld, P.B. Kaufman, and A. Kirakosyan Regulation of Metabolite Synthesis in Plants L.J. Cseke and P. B. Kaufman Plant Natural Products in the Rhizosphere Bhinu, V.S., K. Narasimhan, and S. Swarup Molecular Biology of Plant Natural Products Sheela Reuben, L.J. Cseke, Bhinu, V.S., K. Narasimhan, M. Jeyakumar and S. Swarup The Study of Natural Product Biosynthesis in the Pregenomics and Genomics Eras F. Chen, L.J. Cseke, H. Lin, A. Kirakosyan, J.S. Yuan, and P. Kaufman Plant Biotechnology for the Production of Natural Products A. Kirakosyan Traditional, Analytical, and Preparative Separations of Natural Products L.J. Cseke, W.N. Setzer, B. Vogler, A. Kirakosyan, and P.B. Kaufman Characterization of Natural Products B. Vogler and W.N. Setzer Bioassays for Activity W.N. Setzer and B. Vogler Modes of Action at Target Sites S. Warber, E.M. Seymour, P. Kaufman, A. Kirakosyan, and L.J. Cseke The Uses of Plant Natural Products by Humans and Risks Associated with Their Use P.B. Kaufman, A. Kirakosyan, M. McKenzie, P. Dayanandan, J.E. Hoyt, and C. Li The Synergy Principle at Work with Plants, Pathogens, Insects, Herbivores, and Humans K. Spelman, J.A. Duke and M.J. Bogenschutz-Godwin Plant Conservation M.J. Bogenschutz-Godwin, J.A. Duke, M. McKenzie, and P.B. Kaufman Relationship Between People and Plants S. Warber and K. Irvine Appendix:Information Retrieval on Natural Products in Plants Indexes: Chemicals, Plant Species and Common Names, and Subject

Pharmacological activity, phytochemical analysis and toxicity of methanol extract of Etlingera elatior (torch ginger) flowers

2010-10-01

Subramanion Jo Thy Lachumy , Sreenivasan Sasidharan , Vello Sumathy +1 more

To elucidate its pharmacological activities and medicinal potential of extract of Etlingera elatior (E. elatior). Phytochemical screening of the flower extract was done to determine the phytochemical in the extract. … To elucidate its pharmacological activities and medicinal potential of extract of Etlingera elatior (E. elatior). Phytochemical screening of the flower extract was done to determine the phytochemical in the extract. The pharmacological study included the determination of antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of metabolic flower extract. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was tested against medically important bacterial, yeast and fungal strains. Apart from that, the methanolic extract of E. elatior flower was further tested in vivo toxicity using the brine shrimp lethality test. Moreover, the flower extract was qualitatively screened for their free radical scavenging activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay. The extract was effective on tested microorganisms and MIC values were in the range of 1.563-50.000 mg/mL. The brine shrimp lethality test exhibited no significant toxicity (LC50 = 2.52 mg/mL) against Artemia salina. The E. elatior flower extract with high LC50 value signified that this plant is not toxic to humans. While the phytochemical screening of the flower extract revealed the presence of the following compounds: flavonoids, terpenoids, saponin, tannins and carbohydrates whereas, alkaloids, anthraquinone and reducing sugars were absent. The concentration of the flower extract required for 50% inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging effect (IC50) were 9.14 mg/mL and 8.08 mg/mL for butylated hydroxytoluene 8.08 mg/mL. These findings indicate that the extract of E. elatior flower possesses pharmacological properties and potential to develop natural products based pharmaceuticals products.

Biological Activities of Extracts from Sumac (Rhus spp.): A Review

2007-10-01

Sierra Rayne , Germán Mazza

Antibacterial Activity Studies of Flavonoids From Salvia palaestina

1983-11-01

Mahmut Miski , Ayhan Ulubelen , Candan Johansson +1 more

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntibacterial Activity Studies of Flavonoids From Salvia palaestinaMahmut Miski, Ayhan Ulubelen, Candan Johansson, and Tom J. MabryCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1983, 46, 6, 874–875Publication Date (Print):November … ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntibacterial Activity Studies of Flavonoids From Salvia palaestinaMahmut Miski, Ayhan Ulubelen, Candan Johansson, and Tom J. MabryCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1983, 46, 6, 874–875Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 November 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/np50030a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views631Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (168 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Antimicrobial effect of water extract of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) on the growth of some food borne bacteria including pathogens

2004-06-02

Syed Nasar-Abbas , A. Kadir Halkman

Antimutagenic activity of flavonoids from the heartwood of Rhus verniciflua

2003-12-04

Kun‐Young Park , Geun-Ok Jung , Kyung‐Tae Lee +5 more

Antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) extracts

2006-11-28

Müberra Koşar , Berrin Bozan , Feral Temelli +1 more

Anti-inflammatory effects of red pepper (Capsicum baccatum) on carrageenan- and antigen-induced inflammation

2008-03-14

Fernando Spiller , Márcia Keller Alves , Sílvio M. Vieira +6 more

Inflammation is a pivotal component of a variety of diseases, such as atherosclerosis and tumour progression. Various naturally occurring phytochemicals exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and are considered to be potential drug … Inflammation is a pivotal component of a variety of diseases, such as atherosclerosis and tumour progression. Various naturally occurring phytochemicals exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and are considered to be potential drug candidates against inflammation-related pathological processes. Capsicum baccatum L. var. pendulum (Willd.) Eshbaugh (Solanaceae) is the most consumed species in Brazil, and its compounds, such as capsaicinoids, have been found to inhibit the inflammatory process. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of C. baccatum have not been characterized. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of C. baccatum juice in animal models of acute inflammation induced by carrageenan and immune inflammation induced by methylated bovine serum albumin. Pretreatment (30 min) of rats with pepper juice (0.25-2.0 g kg(-1)) significantly decreased leucocyte and neutrophil migration, exudate volume and protein and LDH concentration in pleural exudates of a pleurisy model. This juice also inhibited neutrophil migration and reduced the vascular permeability on carrageenan-induced peritonitis in mice. C. baccatum juice also reduced neutrophil recruitment and exudate levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in mouse inflammatory immune peritonitis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the main constituent of C. baccatum juice, as extracted with chloroform, is capsaicin. In agreement with this, capsaicin was able to inhibit the neutrophil migration towards the inflammatory focus. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the anti-inflammatory effect of C. baccatum juice and our data suggest that this effect may be induced by capsaicin. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect induced by red pepper may be by inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production at the inflammatory site.

Hypoglycaemic activity of two spices extracts: Rhus coriaria L. and Bunium persicum Boiss

2006-02-17

Statti Giancarlo§ , Monica Rosa Loizzo , Farsad Nadjafi +1 more

Abstract The hypoglycaemic efficacy of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) and black cumin (Bunium persicum Boiss) extracts were investigated through inhibition of a glycoside hydrolase: α-amylase. On the basis of our … Abstract The hypoglycaemic efficacy of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) and black cumin (Bunium persicum Boiss) extracts were investigated through inhibition of a glycoside hydrolase: α-amylase. On the basis of our result ethyl acetate extract of sumac may have interest in the treatment and prevention of hyperglycaemia, diabetes and obesity, with an IC50 value of 28.7 µg mL−1. §Statti Giancarlo and Loizzo Monica Rosa contributed equally to the work. Keywords: Hypoglycaemic activityα-Amylase inhibitorsPlant extractsSumac (Rhus coriaria L.)Black Persian cumin (Bunium persicum Boiss) Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Dr D. Federico for English revision of manuscript. Notes §Statti Giancarlo and Loizzo Monica Rosa contributed equally to the work.

Evaluation of antioxidant and nitric oxide inhibitory activities of selected Malaysian medicinal plants

2004-05-11

Koushik Saha , Nordin H. Lajis , Daud Ahmad Israf +4 more

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Inhibitory Activity against Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) Replication of Pinoresinol and Syringaresinol Lignans and Their Glycosides from the Root of Rhus javanica var. roxburghiana

2007-07-06

Ming‐An Ouyang , Yung‐Shung Wein , Zhenkun Zhang +1 more

Four new diepoxylignan glycosides, pinoresinol-4'-O-[6' '-O-(E)-feruloyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), pinoresinol-4'-O-[4' ',6' '-O-(E)-diferuloyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), pinoresinol-4'-O-[3' ',6' '-O-(E)-diferuloyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), and syringaresinol- 4'-O-[4' ',6' '-O-(E)-diferuloyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), together with three known compounds, pinoresinol (5), syringaresinol (6), … Four new diepoxylignan glycosides, pinoresinol-4'-O-[6' '-O-(E)-feruloyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), pinoresinol-4'-O-[4' ',6' '-O-(E)-diferuloyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), pinoresinol-4'-O-[3' ',6' '-O-(E)-diferuloyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), and syringaresinol- 4'-O-[4' ',6' '-O-(E)-diferuloyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), together with three known compounds, pinoresinol (5), syringaresinol (6), and pinoresinol-4'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (7), were isolated from the n-butanol extract of Rhus javanica var. roxburghiana, and their structures were established using various spectroscopic techniques. Three glycosides (2−4) of the lignans showed moderate inhibition of multiplication of the tobacco mosaic virus. Keywords: Anacardiaceae; Rhus javanica; roots; lignan; glycoside; TMV

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Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of leaves of Etlingera species (Zingiberaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia

2007-01-01

Eric Wei Chiang Chan , Young‐Woon Lim , Mahmoud Gouda Omar

Activity-guided isolation of the chemical constituents of Muntingia calabura using a quinone reductase induction assay

2003-05-13

Bao‐Ning Su , Eun‐Jung Park , Jose Schunke Vigo +5 more

Isolation and identification of antibacterial and cytotoxic compounds from the leaves of Muntingia calabura L.

2012-12-28

A. Sufian , Kalavathy Ramasamy , Norizan Ahmat +2 more

Antimicrobial and healing activity of kefir and kefiran extract

2005-04-08

Kamila Leite Rodrigues , Lucélia Rita Gaudino Caputo , José Carlos Tavares Carvalho +2 more

α-Glucosidase inhibitory effect of mulberry (Morus alba) leaves on Caco-2

2006-09-23

Chanida Hansawasdi , Jun Kawabata

Evaluation of reducing power and radical scavenging activities of water and ethanol extracts from sumac (Rhus coriaria L.)

2010-11-11

Ercan Bursal , Ekrem Köksal

Antimicrobial constituents of Rhus glabra

1994-04-01

Geeta Saxena , A.R. McCutcheon , Susan Walker Farmer +2 more

Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Property of Sage (Salvia) to Prevent and Cure Illnesses such as Obesity, Diabetes, Depression, Dementia, Lupus, Autism, Heart Disease, and Cancer

2014-04-01

Mohsen Hamidpour , Rafie Hamidpour , Soheila Hamidpour +1 more

For a long time, sage (Salvia) species have been used in traditional medicine for the relief of pain, protecting the body against oxidative stress, free radical damages, angiogenesis, inflammation, bacterial … For a long time, sage (Salvia) species have been used in traditional medicine for the relief of pain, protecting the body against oxidative stress, free radical damages, angiogenesis, inflammation, bacterial and virus infection, etc., Several studies suggest that sage species can be considered for drug development because of their reported pharmacology and therapeutic activities in many countries of Asia and Middle East, especially China and India. These studies suggest that Salvia species, in addition to treating minor common illnesses, might potentially provide novel natural treatments for the relief or cure of many serious and life-threatening diseases such as depression, dementia, obesity, diabetes, lupus, heart disease, and cancer. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the botanical, chemical, and pharmacological aspects of sage (Saliva).

Comparative Study on the Chemical Composition of Syrian Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) and Chinese Sumac (Rhus typhina L.) Fruits

2009-09-15

Rima Kossah , Consolate Nsabimana , Jianxin Zhao +4 more

In this article, two different sumac species, namely Syrian sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) and Chinese sumac (Rhus typhina L.) were investigated in order to determine and compare the chemical compositions … In this article, two different sumac species, namely Syrian sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) and Chinese sumac (Rhus typhina L.) were investigated in order to determine and compare the chemical compositions of their fruits. The proximate analysis revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the two sumac species, with Chinese sumac exhibiting higher contents in ash, protein, fat and fiber. Gas Chromatography (GC) revealed that Chinese sumac contains higher percentage of total unsaturated fatty acids than that of Syrian sumac, with oleic and linoleic acids being predominant. The amounts of potassium and calcium were found to be higher in the fruit of Syrian sumac than in that of Chinese sumac. However, both sumac fruits exhibited also appreciable quantities of magnesium, phosphorous, sodium and iron. Syrian sumac contained much more vitamins than that of Chinese sumac, which in contrast exhibited higher amounts of essential and non-essential amino acids than that of Syrian sumac. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) indicated that Syrian sumac contains higher concentrations of organic acids than Chinese sumac and malic acid is the most abundant. Results from this study suggested that both Syrian and Chinese sumac fruits are potential sources of food ingredients and/or additives.

HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS/MS screening of bioactive components from Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) fruits

2014-06-12

Ibrahim M. Abu‐Reidah , Mohammed S. Ali-Shtayeh , Rana M. Jamous +2 more

Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is an important crop widely used in the Mediterranean basin as a food spice, and also in folk medicine, due to its health-promoting properties. Phytochemicals present … Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is an important crop widely used in the Mediterranean basin as a food spice, and also in folk medicine, due to its health-promoting properties. Phytochemicals present in plant foods are in part responsible for these consequent health benefits. Nevertheless, detailed information on these bioactive compounds is still scarce. Therefore, the present work was aimed at investigating the phytochemical components of sumac fruit epicarp using HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS/MS in two different ionisation modes. The proposed method provided tentative identification of 211 phenolic and other phyto-constituents, most of which have not been described so far in R. coriaria fruits. More than 180 phytochemicals (tannins, (iso)flavonoids, terpenoids, etc.) are reported herein in sumac fruits for the first time. The obtained results highlight the importance of R. coriaria as a promising source of functional ingredients, and boost its potential use in the food and nutraceutical industries.

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Cajanuslactone, a new coumarin with anti-bacterial activity from pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] leaves

2010-02-02

Yu Kong , Yujie Fu , Yuangang Zu +5 more

Pollen Dispersion, Pollen Viability and Pistil Receptivity in Leymus chinensis

2004-01-26

Zijian Huang

• Background and Aims Leymus chinensis is an economically and ecologically important grass that is widely distributed across eastern areas of the Eurasian steppe. A major problem facing its propagation … • Background and Aims Leymus chinensis is an economically and ecologically important grass that is widely distributed across eastern areas of the Eurasian steppe. A major problem facing its propagation by man is its low sexual reproductivity. The causes of low fecundity are uncertain, largely because many aspects of the reproductive biology of this species remained unknown or incomplete. This study aims to address some of these issues. • Methods Pollen dispersion, pollen viability, pollen longevity and pistil receptivity were studied in a representative, natural population of L. chinensis growing in Inner Mongolia. • Key Results Flowering of L. chinensis occurred at the end of June and lasted for 5 d. Pollination peaked between 1600 h and 1700 h, and about 56·1 % of the total pollen grains were released at this time. Pollen density was highest towards the middle of flowering spikes and lowest at the bottom over the 5 d measurement period. Pollen viability (62·4 %) assessed using TTC was more accurate than using IKI (85·6 %); 50 % of pollen arriving on stigmas germinated. Pollen remained viable for only 3 h and the pollen : ovule ratio was 79 333 : 1. Pistil receptivity lasted for only 3 h and, overall, 86·7 % of pistils were pollinated. Within the spike, the relative fecundity of different positions was middle > lower > upper throughout the period of pollination; daily variation of fecundity was similar to that of the pollen flow. The spikes that opened on the day of highest pollen density exhibited the highest fecundity (36·0 %). No seeds were produced by self‐pollination. • Conclusions The data suggest that low pollen viability, short pollen longevity and short pistil receptivity all appear to contribute to the low seed production typical of this important forage crop.

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EFFECT OF RHUS CORIARIA L. (ANACARDIACEAE) ON SUPEROXIDE RADICAL SCAVENGING AND XANTHINE OXIDASE ACTIVITY

2003-01-01

Ferda Candan

Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae) is a well-known spice in the Middle-East and grown in the Central and East Anatolia region of Turkey. A methanolic extract (water-soluble part constituents) of R. … Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae) is a well-known spice in the Middle-East and grown in the Central and East Anatolia region of Turkey. A methanolic extract (water-soluble part constituents) of R. coriaria, was found to be an uncompetitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase and scavenger of superoxide radical in vitro with IC50 values of 172.5 microg/mL and 232 microg/mL respectively. Superoxide radicals were generated either by an enzymatic or a non-enzymatic system, and scavenging ability was evaluated by the inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. This study provides evidence that a crude extract of R. coriaria exhibits interesting antioxidant properties, expressed either by the capacity to scavenge superoxide radical or to uncompetitively inhibit xanthine oxidase.

RHUS CORIARIA LINN, A PLANT OF MEDICINAL, NUTRITIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE: A REVIEW

2012-01-01

Arham Shabbir

Rhus coriariaLinn. (Anacardiacea), commonly known as sumac, has been used as aspice, condiment, appetizer ,and as a souring agent for centuries.A broadrange of nutritionally and medicinally significant p Rhus coriariaLinn. (Anacardiacea), commonly known as sumac, has been used as aspice, condiment, appetizer ,and as a souring agent for centuries.A broadrange of nutritionally and medicinally significant p

Malonylated flavonol glycosides from the petals of Clitoria ternatea

2002-12-27

Kohei Kazuma

Pharmacological Studies of Rhus Retinorrhaea

1995-01-01

Jaber S. Mossa , Syed Rafatullah , Ahmed Galal +1 more

An ethanol extract of Rhus retinorrhaea Steud. ex. A. Rich-has been studied for anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities in experimental models. The extract produced significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema, … An ethanol extract of Rhus retinorrhaea Steud. ex. A. Rich-has been studied for anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities in experimental models. The extract produced significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema, an insignificant cotton pellet granuloma in rats, a significant dose-dependent reduction of yeast-induced hyperpyrexia, and inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Other pharmacological studies revealed central nervous system depressing and negative inotropic and chronotropic activities. The acute toxicity studies showed no mortality and adverse effects up to a 3g/kg dose in mice.

Protective Role of Ternatin Anthocyanins and Quercetin Glycosides from Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea Leguminosae) Blue Flower Petals against Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Inflammation in Macrophage Cells

2015-06-29

Vimal Nair , Woo Young Bang , Elisa Schreckinger +2 more

Twelve phenolic metabolites (nine ternatin anthocyanins and three glycosylated quercetins) were identified from the blue flowers of Clitoria ternatea by high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection and electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry … Twelve phenolic metabolites (nine ternatin anthocyanins and three glycosylated quercetins) were identified from the blue flowers of Clitoria ternatea by high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection and electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn). Three anthocyanins not reported in this species before show fragmentation pattern of the ternatin class. Extracts were fractionated in fractions containing flavonols (F3) and ternatin anthocyanins (F4). In general, C. ternatea polyphenols showed anti-inflammatory properties in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells with distinct molecular targets. Flavonols (F3) showed strong inhibition of COX-2 activity and partial ROS suppression. On the other hand, the ternatin anthocyanins (F4) inhibited nuclear NF-κB translocation, iNOS protein expression, and NO production through a non-ROS suppression mechanism. Accordingly, quercetin glycosides and ternatin anthocyanins from the blue flower petals of C. ternatea may be useful in developing drugs or nutraceuticals for protection against chronic inflammatory diseases by suppressing the excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators from macrophage cells.

Rhus coriaria suppresses angiogenesis, metastasis and tumor growth of breast cancer through inhibition of STAT3, NFκB and nitric oxide pathways

2016-02-18

Hussain El Hasasna , Alaaeldin Saleh , Halima Al Samri +7 more

Abstract Recently, we reported that Rhus coriaria exhibits anticancer activities by promoting cell cycle arrest and autophagic cell death of the metastatic triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Here, we … Abstract Recently, we reported that Rhus coriaria exhibits anticancer activities by promoting cell cycle arrest and autophagic cell death of the metastatic triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Here, we investigated the effect of Rhus coriaria on the migration, invasion, metastasis and tumor growth of TNBC cells. Our current study revealed that non-cytotoxic concentrations of Rhus coriaria significantly inhibited migration and invasion, blocked adhesion to fibronectin and downregulated MMP-9 and prostaglandin E 2 (PgE2). Not only did Rhus coriaria decrease their adhesion to HUVECs and to lung microvascular endothelial (HMVEC-L) cells, but it also inhibited the transendothelial migration of MDA-MB-231 cells through TNF-α-activated HUVECs. Furthermore, we found that Rhus coriaria inhibited angiogenesis, reduced VEGF production in both MDA-MB-231 and HUVECs and downregulated the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8. The underlying mechanism for Rhus coriaria effects appears to be through inhibiting NFκB, STAT3 and nitric oxide (NO) pathways. Most importantly, by using chick embryo tumor growth assay, we showed that Rhus coriaria suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo . The results described in the present study identify Rhus coriaria as a promising chemopreventive and therapeutic candidate that modulate triple negative breast cancer growth and metastasis.

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Antioxidative activities of water extracts of some Malaysian herbs

2007-01-01

Nur Huda Faujan , A. Noriham , Norrakiah Abdullah Sani +1 more

SKRINING FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN GATAL (Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd)

2014-07-01

Eva Susanty Simaremare

Daun gatal ( Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd) is a native plant from Papua and empirically used for pain remedy. The leaves were simply applied on the affected area. The effect … Daun gatal ( Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd) is a native plant from Papua and empirically used for pain remedy. The leaves were simply applied on the affected area. The effect was indicated by the itches on the skin after 5 minutes of application. The chemical composition of medical plant determined its pharmacology. This research explored the potency of Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd by determining its secondary metabolites group. The plant was collected from Biak, West Papua. The leaves was extracted with ethanol and tested for its phytochemical content. The results showed that Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd was positive for alkaloids, glycocides, steroids/ triterpenoids, and negative for saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. Daun gatal ( Laportea decumana (Roxb . ) Wedd) adalah tanaman asli Papua yang telah dipergunakan secara turun temurun oleh masyarakat Papua sebagai obat antinyeri. Penggunaan tanaman ini sangat mudah, penduduk hanya memetiknya lalu dioleskan ke bagian tubuh yang nyeri dengan memberikan sensasi gatal sebagai penanda bahwa obat tersebut bekerja sesuai dengan kepercayaan masyarakat, yang mampu menghilangkan rasa nyeri pada area yang dioleskan setelah lima menit. Kandungan kimia yang terdapat dalam tumbuhan mengambil peran dalam memberi aktifitas farmakologi yang berbeda sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan pemanfaatan daun gatal sebagai obat lain selain antinyeri dengan melakukan skrining fitokimia. Skrining fitokimia bertujuan memberikan gambaran tentang golongan senyawa yang terkandung dalam tanaman daun gatal meliputi pemeriksaan alkaloid, glikosida, steroid/triterpenoid, saponin, flavonoid, polifenol, dan tanin. Sampel diambil dari masyarakat lokal Biak Papua Barat. Ekstrak dibuat dengan mengekstraksi simplisia daun gatal dengan pelarut etanol dan melakukan pengujian. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa daun gatal positif mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid, glikosida, steroid/triterpenoid dan negatif untuk uji saponin, flavanoid, polifenol, dan tanin.

Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized by Medicinal Plant Dioscorea bulbifera

2015-01-01

Sougata Ghosh , Soham Jagtap , Rohan Chippalkatti

Background: Biological route for synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) with therapeutic potential is a major challenge.In this study, CuNPs were synthesized by D. bulbifera tuber extract (DBTE) which were further … Background: Biological route for synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) with therapeutic potential is a major challenge.In this study, CuNPs were synthesized by D. bulbifera tuber extract (DBTE) which were further evaluated for antidiabetic and free radical scavenging activity.Methods: CuNPs synthesized by DBTE were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering.CuNPs were checked for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition along with interaction studies employing fluroscence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy and computational docking.DPPH, nitric oxide and superoxide radical scavenging activities of CuNPs were also checked.Results: Spherical monodispersed CuNPs were synthesized within 5 h that was indicated by a colour change from pale blue to brown.Majority of the nanoparticles synthesized were found to be between 12 to 16 nm as showed in DLS which grew till a final size of 86 to 126 nm as indicated in TEM.Bioreduced CuNPs showed 38.70 ± 1.45% and 34.72 ± 1.22% inhibition against porcine and murine pancreatic amylase, respectively with an uncompetitive mode that was further confirmed by docking studies.Fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed the interaction of CuNPs to the enzyme via Trp residues while CD spectra indicated the structural and conformational changes on binding of CuNPs to the enzyme.CuNPs exhibited 99.09 ± 0.15% inhibition against α-glucosidase while 90.67 ± 0.33% inhibition against murine intestinal glucosidase, respectively.CuNPs showed 40.81 ± 1.44%, 79.06 ± 1.02% and 48.39 ± 1.46% scavenging activity against DPPH, nitric oxide and superoxide radicals respectively.Conclusion: D.bulbifera tuber extract mediated bioreduction is most rapid route to synthesize novel CuNPs with promising antidiabetic and antioxidant properties.This is the first detailed report which provides intense scientific rationale for the use of CuNPs as nanomedicine for efficient control of T2DM and oxidative stress.

Comparative study of herbal plants on the phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activities and toxicity on cells and zebrafish embryo

2017-01-16

Hassan Fahmi Ismail , Zanariah Hashim , Wong Tet Soon +3 more

Natural antioxidants derived from plants have shown a tremendous inhibitory effect on free radicals in actively metabolizing cells. Overproduction of free radicals increases the risk factor of chronic diseases associated … Natural antioxidants derived from plants have shown a tremendous inhibitory effect on free radicals in actively metabolizing cells. Overproduction of free radicals increases the risk factor of chronic diseases associated with diabetes, cancer, arthritis and cardiovascular disease. Andrographis paniculata, Cinnamon zeylanicum, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Eugenia polyantha and Orthosiphon stamineus are ethnomedicinal plants used in the Asian region to treat various illnesses from a common fever to metabolic disease. In this study, we have quantified the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) in these plants and its inhibitory effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals as well as the cytotoxicity effect on cell lines proliferation and zebrafish embryogenesis. Results showed that Cinnamon zeylanicum and E. polyantha have the highest phenolic and flavonoid content. Furthermore, both herbs significantly inhibited the formation of DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Meanwhile, O. stamineus exhibited minimum cytotoxicity and embryotoxicity on tested models. Good correlation between IC50 of 3T3-L1 cells and LC50 embyrotoxicity was also found. This study revealed the potent activity of antioxidant against free radical and the toxicology levels of the tested herbal plants.

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IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN DALAM SPONS CALLYSPONGIA SP DARI KEPULAUAN SERIBU

2005-12-01

Endang Hanani , Abdul Mun’im , Ryany Sekarini

Antioxidant activity and identification of antioxidative compounds of Callyspongia sponge from Seribu Island (Kepulauan Seribu) were investigated. The sponge was extracted with acetone and the extract was concentrated using rotary … Antioxidant activity and identification of antioxidative compounds of Callyspongia sponge from Seribu Island (Kepulauan Seribu) were investigated. The sponge was extracted with acetone and the extract was concentrated using rotary vacuum evaporator. DPPH and tiocyanate methods were used to examine the antioxidant activity of the extract. The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity in DPPH method with IC50 of 41.21 µg/ml. Chemical analysis indicated that the antioxidative compound in the sponge was alkaloid group. Key words : Antioxidative activity, Callyspongia sp., Sponges, alkaloid.

Penetapan Kadar Fenolik dan Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Metanol Buah dan Daun Patikala (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.SM)

2015-04-01

Aktsar Roskiana Ahmad , Juwita Juwita , Siti Afrianty Daniya Ratulangi +1 more

Fruit and leaves of patikala ( Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm), is a traditional medicinal plants used by people to treat various diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine … Fruit and leaves of patikala ( Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm), is a traditional medicinal plants used by people to treat various diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid compounds of E. elatior fruits and leaves extracts. We extracted dried fruits and leaves samples by maceration method using methanol. Qualitative analysis of chemical compounds with certain eluent was done using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) to determine the group of active compounds in the extract. The amount of phenolic compounds in the sample was determined by the colorimetric method at a maximum wavelength of 744.8 nm and flavonoid at 431 nm. The results showed that the methanol extract rendemen was 1.93% for fruit and 5.17% for leaf with a total phenolic content of the fruit was 2.29 mgGAE/g b/b extract and leaf was 6.29 mgGAE/g b/b extract. And total flavonoid content of the fruit was 1.7761 % mg Quercetin/g b/b extract and leaf was 5.45 mgQE/g b/b extract.

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Antibacterial activity of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) with metal ion effect against food borne pathogens

2011-01-01

P Amit , ey , Parul Singh

The antibacterial properties of “Syzygium aromaticum” commonly known as “Clove” tested against food borne pathogens (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli). Agar diffusion susceptibility test revealed inhibition zone of clove … The antibacterial properties of “Syzygium aromaticum” commonly known as “Clove” tested against food borne pathogens (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli). Agar diffusion susceptibility test revealed inhibition zone of clove sample. Compare to ethanolic extract, methanolic extract was showing best result against gram positive culture Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 2940) and two gram negative cultures Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 2453) and E. coli (MTCC 739). The MIC value was determined by using broth dilution methods. Methanolic extract of clove was subjected to get the MIC against test organisms and it was found to be 2.31 mg/ml for E. coli, 0.385 mg/ml for Stapylococcus aureus and 0.01 mg/ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The addition of metal ions (Zn++, Cu++, Pb++, Ca++, Mg++, Fe++) along with methanolic extract of clove samples gave positive results against test organisms. The metal ions increased antibacterial properties of clove samples but after optimization at various concentrations it could not increase the antibacterial activity of samples compare to 10%, 20%, 30%.

Rendemen dan Skrining Fitokimia pada Ekstrak Daun Sanseviera sp.

2018-01-22

Whika Febria Dewatisari , Leni Rumiyanti , Ismi Rakhmawati

The aims of this research was determined from yield analysis on the leaves extract of Sansevieria trifasciata and Sansevieria cylindrica. It was also determined by the presence of bioactive compounds … The aims of this research was determined from yield analysis on the leaves extract of Sansevieria trifasciata and Sansevieria cylindrica. It was also determined by the presence of bioactive compounds that have the potential as antioxidants (phytochemical screening) on the leaves extract of S. trifasciata and S. cylindrica.The method used was a stratified extraction method with three types of solvent, ie non-polar solvent in the form of N Hexan; A semi-polar solvent of Aceton; And a polar solvent of Ethanol. The identification of six types of phytochemical compounds, the triterpenoid and steroid compounds, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, quinones and alkaloids. The result of rendement analysis showed that S. trifasciata yield was higher than S. cylindrica. The yield of S. trifasciata was 7.89 % and S. cylindrica 6.79%. The result of phytochemical compound analysis obtained three phytochemical compounds contained in S. trifasciata, named triterpenoid group compounds and steroids and flavonoids. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis of phytochemical compounds contained in S. cylindrica also obtained three phytochemical compounds, namely triterpenoid compounds and steroidal groups and alkaloids.

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STRUKTUR, BIOAKTIVITAS DAN ANTIOKSIDAN FLAVONOID

2018-04-01

Bustanul Arifin , Sanusi Ibrahim

Di antara produk-produk alami, flavonoid adalah yang sangat menarik untuk dipelajari dan merupakan salah satu senyawa yang menjanjikan untuk mengobati kanker, antioksidan, bakteri patogen, radang, disfungsi kardio-vaskular, dan lain-lain. Kemampuan … Di antara produk-produk alami, flavonoid adalah yang sangat menarik untuk dipelajari dan merupakan salah satu senyawa yang menjanjikan untuk mengobati kanker, antioksidan, bakteri patogen, radang, disfungsi kardio-vaskular, dan lain-lain. Kemampuan dan bioaaktiftas terutama antioksidan dari flavonoid telah dipelajari, dalam hal ini ditunjukkan bahwa metilasi flavonoid dapat meningkatkan peranan flavonoid dalam bidang obat-obatan. Metilasi dari flavonoid melalui kelompok hidroksil bebasnya atau atom C yang dapat meningkatkan stabilitas metaboliknya dan meningkatkan transportasi membran. Review ini menjelaskan struktur dasar dan klasifikasi flavonoid, dan isolasi dan bioaktiftas dari flavonoid yang khususnya dalam peranannya sebagai antioksidan. Mekanisme flavonoid sebagai antioksidan secara kimia dan tahapannya juga dipelajari.

Impact of ultrasound and conventional extraction techniques on bioactive compounds and biological activities of blue butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.)

2018-10-12

Arshad Mehmood , Muhammad Ishaq , Lei Zhao +5 more

The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of ultrasound on bioactive compounds and biological activities of blue butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.). For this purpose, optimized conditions … The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of ultrasound on bioactive compounds and biological activities of blue butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.). For this purpose, optimized conditions (temperature 50 °C, time 150 min, solid to liquid ratio 1 g:15 ml, 70% amplitude and 240 W, 20 kHz frequency, 3 s on and 3 s off) of ultrasound (US) and conventional extraction (AGE: Agitation, water bath for 150 min, 50 °C at 150 rmp) were used. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) effect of US and AGE on total phenolics (TPCs), flavonoids (TFCs) and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, reducing activity, Cu2+ and H2O2) of butterfly pea flower extract (BPFE). The results showed an increased trend in yield, TPCs, TFCs and antioxidant activities of US treated BPFE with comparison to AGE. However, insignificant (p > 0.05) effect of US and AGE over TFlaCs and PACs were observed. Moreover, the results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed little changes in spectrum and US does not affect the functional group of bioactive compounds structure. Additionally, extracts (500-2000 µg/ml) protect pBR322 plasmid DNA damage induced by (1 mM H2O2 and 1 mM FeSO4), plasma oxidation (induced by 250 µM CuCl2) and inhibit erythrocyte hemolysis (induced by 200 mM AAPH, 34.6 to 66.73%). Sonication can be applied successfully for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials with high biological activities.

MANFAAT JAHE UNTUK KESEHATAN

2019-10-10

I Wayan Redi Aryanta

Jahe (Zingiber officinale) bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai bumbu masakan, bahan obat tradisional, atau dibuat minuman. Menurut Usada Bali, rimpang jahe digunakan sebagai ramuan obat luar ( boreh) untuk mengobati penyakit rematik … Jahe (Zingiber officinale) bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai bumbu masakan, bahan obat tradisional, atau dibuat minuman. Menurut Usada Bali, rimpang jahe digunakan sebagai ramuan obat luar ( boreh) untuk mengobati penyakit rematik (tuju), dan ramuan membuat minuman untuk mengobati penyakit impoten (wandu). Secara umum, jahe memiliki kandungan zat gizi dan senyawa kimia aktif yang berfungsi preventif dan kuratif. Dari segi nutrisi, jahe mengandung kalori, karbohidrat, serat, protein, sodium, besi, potasium, magnesium, fosfor, zeng, folat, vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin A, riboflavin dan niacin. Beberapa senyawa kimia aktif dalam rimpang jahe yang berefek farmakologis terhadap kesehatan, antara lain: minyak atsiri dengan kandungan zat aktif zingiberin, kamfena, lemonin, borneol, shogaol, sineol, fellandren, zingiberol, gingerol, dan zingeron. Sebagai bahan obat tradisional, jahe memiliki khasiat untuk mencegah dan mengobati berbagai penyakit, seperti: impoten, batuk, pegal-pegal, kepala pusing, rematik, sakit pinggang, masuk angin, bronchitis, nyeri lambung, nyeri otot, vertigo, mual saat hamil, osteoarthritis, gangguan sistem pencernaan, rasa sakit saat menstruasi, kadar kolesterol jahat dan trigliserida darah tinggi, kanker, sakit jantung, fungsi otak terganggu, Alzheimer, penyakit infeksi, asma, produksi air susu ibu terganggu, gairah seksual rendah, dan stamina tubuh rendah.

Extraction methods of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) flower and biological activities of its phytochemicals

2020-09-01

Ethel Jeyaseela Jeyaraj , Yau Yan Lim , Wee Sim Choo

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Perbandingan Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri Starter Yogurt dengan Metode Difusi Sumuran dan Metode Difusi Cakram

2020-10-07

Lilih Siti Nurhayati , Nadhira Yahdiyani , Akhmad Hidayatulloh

Antibacterial activity testing can be done using the agar diffusion method, including agar well difussion and disk diffusion agar methods. This study aims to compare two antibacterial testing methods to … Antibacterial activity testing can be done using the agar diffusion method, including agar well difussion and disk diffusion agar methods. This study aims to compare two antibacterial testing methods to analyze the anti - bacterial activity of a yogurt starter against the bacteria Eschericia coli and Staphilococcus aureus . The study was conducted experimentally with 5 concentrations of yogurt starter, namely 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% , and 10%. Testing antibacterial activity using two methods ,disk diffusion agar and well difussion agar methods. The research showed that agar well diffusion method obtained antibacterial activity greater than the disk diffusion method for E. coli and S. aureus.

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Pharmacological and Antioxidant Activities of Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac)

2021-01-08

Halima Alsamri , Khawlah Athamneh , Gianfranco Pintus +2 more

Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), commonly known as sumac, is a commonly used spice, condiment, and flavoring agent, especially in the Mediterranean region. Owing to its bountiful beneficial values, sumac has … Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), commonly known as sumac, is a commonly used spice, condiment, and flavoring agent, especially in the Mediterranean region. Owing to its bountiful beneficial values, sumac has been used in traditional medicine for the management and treatment of many ailments including hemorrhoids, wound healing, diarrhea, ulcer, and eye inflammation. This plant is rich in various classes of phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannins, polyphenolic compounds, organic acids, and many others. By virtue of its bioactive, Rhus coriaria possesses powerful antioxidant capacities that have ameliorative and therapeutic benefits for many common diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. This review describes the phytochemical properties of R. coriaria and then focuses on the potent antioxidant capacities of sumac. We then dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms of sumac’s action in modulating many pathophysiological instigators. We show how accumulating evidence supports the antibacterial, antinociceptive, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anticancer effects of this plant, especially that toxicity studies show that sumac is very safe to consume by humans and has little toxicity. Taken together, the findings we summarize here support the utilization of this plant as an attractive target for drug discovery.

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The Effect of Ethanol Concentrations as The Extraction Solvent on Antioxidant Activity of Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) Leaves Extracts

2021-04-01

Ni Putu Ermi Hikmawanti , Sofia Fatmawati , Anindita Wulan Asri

Abstract Katuk is widely popular with its benefits for breastfeeding mothers. Katuk is also known as a plant with a high antioxidant content. This study aims to determine the effect … Abstract Katuk is widely popular with its benefits for breastfeeding mothers. Katuk is also known as a plant with a high antioxidant content. This study aims to determine the effect of using variations in the ethanol concentration as an extracting solvent in producing Total Phenolics Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoids Content (TFC) and their activities in reducing DPPH free radicals. The dried katuk leaves were extracted by cold maceration method. The solvent used for extraction is ethanol with 3 variations in concentration: 50%, 70%, and 96% (absolute ethanol). TPC and TFC were determined by colorimetric method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. TPC was stated to be equivalent to gallic acid, while TFC was stated to be equivalent to quercetin. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was measured based on the IC50 value. The results showed that Katuk leaf extract produced from 50% ethanol solvent was able to produce TPC (42.18 ± 0.30 mg GAE / g), TFC (11.18 ± 0.38 mg QE / g) and reduction activity against DPPH radicals (IC50 = 88.33 ± 3.53 ppm). These were higher than ethanol with other concentrations. However, various things need to be considered when using this solvent given the high water content in the solvent.

PENGARUH VAKSINASI MULTIEPITOP COVID-19 TERHADAP KADAR INTERLEUKIN-6 PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus) GALUR Deutschland Denken Yoken

2025-06-25

Sayu Putu Yuni Paryati , Henny Juliastuti , Neng Elin Niamilah | Medika Kartika Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan

Vaksin multiepitop Covid-19 adalah vaksin yang dibentuk dari epitop protein SARS-CoV-2 melalui kultur pada inang Escherichia coli (E.coli). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kadar Interleukin-6 (IL-6) pada mencit galur … Vaksin multiepitop Covid-19 adalah vaksin yang dibentuk dari epitop protein SARS-CoV-2 melalui kultur pada inang Escherichia coli (E.coli). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kadar Interleukin-6 (IL-6) pada mencit galur Deutschland Denken Yoken (ddY) yang diimunisasi vaksin multiepitop Covid-19 dan vaksin multiepitop Covid-19 dengan adjuvan aluminium. Penelitian ini dirancang sebagai penelitian post test-only control grup design dengan rancangan acak lengkap pada 14 ekor mencit galur ddY yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu: (1) mencit galur ddY yang diinjeksi NaCl 0,9%, (2) mencit galur ddY yang diimunisasi vaksin multiepitop Covid-19, dan (3) mencit galur ddY yang diimunisasi vaksin multiepitop Covid-19 dengan adjuvan alumunium. Mencit diimunisasi dengan vaksin multiepitop Covid-19 dan vaksin multiepitop Covid-19 dengan adjuvan aluminium masing-masing 400µg per mencit sebanyak satu kali. Hasil penelitian pada kelompok vaksin menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kadar IL-6 pada hari pertama sebesar 17,71 pg/ml; pada hari kedua sebesar 14,94 pg/ml; pada hari ketiga 16,88pg/ml; sedangkan pada kelompok perlakuan vaksin dengan adjuvan pada hari pertama sebesar 16,59pg/ml; pada hari kedua 19,18pg/ml; pada hari ketiga 7,71pg/ml. hasil pada kelompok kontrol NaCl 0,9% sebesar 18,62 pg/ml. Secara keseluruhan hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kadar IL-6 pada kelompok vaksin dengan adjuvan sebesar 2,59 pg/ml pada hari kedua, sedangkan tidak ada peningkatan kadar IL-6 pada kelompok vaksin. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa adjuvan dapat meningkatkan stimulasi respon imun IL-6 dengan lebih baik. Adjuvan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah adjuvan aluminium, yang mampu menginduksi respons antibodi dan respons sel T helper CD4+ dan banyak digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan vaksin. Kata kunci: Covid-19, IL-6, multiepitope, vaksin

Effect of extraction, ratio, and solvent concentration on total flavonoid content and antioxidant activit of singkel (premna serratifolia linn.) using dpph method

2025-06-24

Isnindar Isnindar , Sri Luliana , Muhammad Zahid | Jurnal Teknosains

Singkel (Premna serratifolia Linn.) is a medicinal plant commonly found in tropical regions, including Indonesia, which contains flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and triterpenoids. Flavonoids in singkel leaves act as antioxidants that … Singkel (Premna serratifolia Linn.) is a medicinal plant commonly found in tropical regions, including Indonesia, which contains flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and triterpenoids. Flavonoids in singkel leaves act as antioxidants that can prevent oxidative stress, which is a causative factor of degenerative and chronic diseases such as cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to determine the effects of total flavonoid content and IC50 values in singkel leaves based on extraction methods, solvent concentration, and the ratio of extract to solvent. The methods used include maceration, soxhlet extraction, and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), with ethanol solvent concentrations of 60%, 70%, 80%, and 96%, and extract-to-solvent ratios of 1:10, 1:20, and 1:30. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results showed that the soxhlet extraction method yielded the highest total flavonoid content of 24.56±1.81 mgQE/g with an IC50 value of 20.31±1.58 μg/mL. The 96% solvent concentration provided the best results with a total flavonoid content of 26.12±0.06 mgQE/g and an IC50 value of 15.51±2.17 μg/mL. In the solvent ratio testing, the 1:20 ratio showed the highest total flavonoid content of 19.37±0.5 mgQE/g, while the 1:10 ratio provided the best IC50 value of 11.99±1.02 μg/mL. In conclusion, the extraction method, solvent concentration, and solvent ratio significantly affect the flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of singkel leaves.

Identifikasi dan Distribusi Kutu Busuk (Cimex sp.) di Beberapa Pesantren Kota Palangka Raya

2025-06-24

Elza Widya Putri , Astri Widiarty , Arif Rahman Jabal | Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar

Kutu busuk (Cimex sp.) adalah serangga yang dapat menyebabkan dermatitis, reaksi alergi, serta potensi anemia melalui gigitan darahnya, dengan penyebarannya yang terkait erat dengan kebersihan lingkungan dan kondisi tempat tidur. … Kutu busuk (Cimex sp.) adalah serangga yang dapat menyebabkan dermatitis, reaksi alergi, serta potensi anemia melalui gigitan darahnya, dengan penyebarannya yang terkait erat dengan kebersihan lingkungan dan kondisi tempat tidur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan dan mengidentifikasi jenis kutu busuk (Cimex sp.) yang ditemukan di pesantren Kota Palangka Raya. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross-sectional ini dilakukan pada Januari 2024 di beberapa pesantren Kota Palangka Raya untuk mengetahui keberadaan dan jenis kutu busuk (Cimex sp.) pada kamar tidur santri. Sampel penelitian mencakup kasur, guling, bantal, karpet, dan sofa yang berada di kamar santri dengan kondisi lembab dan kurang cahaya matahari, menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Peralatan yang digunakan meliputi handscoon non-steril, senter, masker, penutup kepala, botol kecil (urine pot 100 cc), dan kertas label untuk inspeksi visual serta pengambilan sampel Cimex sp. Hasil penelitian di enam pondok pesantren di Kota Palangka Raya menunjukkan keberadaan kutu busuk (Cimex sp.) pada kasur, bantal, boneka, dan lemari kayu, dengan ciri makroskopis berupa bintik hitam, terutama di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Solihin dan Hidayatul Insan dengan persentase 33,3%. Pondok Pesantren Nurul Solihin memiliki jumlah Cimex sp. tertinggi, yaitu 71 telur, 32 nimfa, dan 36 kutu dewasa. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa lingkungan tidur santri di beberapa pesantren berpotensi mendukung perkembangan kutu busuk. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi Cimex lectularis di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Solihin dan Hidayatul Insan, dengan fase siklus hidup yang ditemukan berupa telur, nimfa, dan kutu dewasa, serta habitatnya tersebar di kedua pesantren tersebut. Temuan ini menunjukkan perlunya peningkatan upaya pengendalian kutu busuk di lingkungan pesantren. Kata Kunci : Kutu Busuk; Pesantren; Kebersihan lingkungan

Antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans from endophytic mold of binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis)

2025-06-24

Etin Diah Permanasari , Roinaldo Roinaldo | Deleted Journal

Analisis Aktivitas Antioksidan Nanoemulsi Berbaris Tanaman dalam Aplikasi Farmasi dan Kosmetik : Kajian Literatur

2025-06-24

Nur Aisyah , Sriwidodo Sriwidodo , Patihul Husni +1 more | Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar

Nanoemulsi berbasis tanaman semakin menarik perhatian dalam aplikasi farmasi dan kosmetik karena kemampuannya dalam meningkatkan stabilitas, kelarutan, dan bioavailabilitas senyawa aktif alami, seperti flavonoid, terpenoid, dan polifenol, yang memiliki aktivitas … Nanoemulsi berbasis tanaman semakin menarik perhatian dalam aplikasi farmasi dan kosmetik karena kemampuannya dalam meningkatkan stabilitas, kelarutan, dan bioavailabilitas senyawa aktif alami, seperti flavonoid, terpenoid, dan polifenol, yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Namun, tantangan yang dihadapi adalah bagaimana mengoptimalkan formulasi nanoemulsi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas senyawa tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi nanoemulsi berbasis tanaman dalam meningkatkan efektivitas senyawa antioksidan, serta memberikan rekomendasi untuk pengembangan formulasi nanoemulsi yang lebih stabil dan efisien untuk aplikasi farmasi dan kosmetik. Kajian literatur dilakukan dengan menganalisis artikel-artikel ilmiah yang relevan mengenai penggunaan nanoemulsi berbasis tanaman dalam meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian ini mencakup berbagai studi yang memaparkan metode pembuatan, karakteristik fisikokimia, dan aplikasi nanoemulsi dalam bidang biomedis dan kosmetik. Nanoemulsi berbasis tanaman, seperti yang menggunakan ekstrak Jamur Cordyceps dan Biji Mucuna, menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih kuat dan memiliki stabilitas yang baik. Formulasi dengan ukuran partikel kecil dan distribusi partikel yang seragam memiliki bioavailabilitas dan efektivitas yang lebih tinggi, sehingga berpotensi untuk diterapkan dalam terapi medis dan perawatan kulit. Nanoemulsi berbasis tanaman menawarkan potensi yang besar dalam meningkatkan efektivitas senyawa antioksidan di bidang farmasi dan kosmetik. Pengembangan lebih lanjut diperlukan melalui uji laboratorium dan klinis untuk memastikan efektivitas dan stabilitas formulasi nanoemulsi dalam aplikasi dunia nyata. Kata Kunci : nanoemulsi, tanaman obat, biovailabilitas, sistem penghantaran obat

Formulation of Antibacterial Solid Soap Containing Miana Leaf Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria

2025-06-24

Asti Vebriyanti Asjur , Elvira Santi , Mia Wahyu Nuraini +4 more | Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

Miana leaf (Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth.) is known to contain antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. This study aimed to formulate solid soap with miana leaf extract … Miana leaf (Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth.) is known to contain antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. This study aimed to formulate solid soap with miana leaf extract at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5%, and to evaluate its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The soap formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, foam height, skin moisture, and irritation potential. Antibacterial testing was conducted using the well diffusion method. Results showed that the solid soap met physical quality standards, with pH ranging from 9.39 to 10.6, foam height between 7.6 and 14.2 cm, and moisture levels increasing to 36.6–48.4%. Irritation tests revealed no adverse skin reactions. The antibacterial activity test confirmed that all formulations inhibited S. aureus, with the strongest inhibition observed at 5% extract concentration, producing an inhibition zone of 18.4 mm. In conclusion, solid soap containing miana leaf extract is safe for topical use and shows strong antibacterial activity, especially at higher extract concentrations, indicating its potential as a natural antiseptic formulation.

Medicinal plants with folkloric uses in the management of Breast Cancer in Northwestern Nigeria: A Cross-sectional survey

2025-06-24

Suleiman Danladi , Umar Ibrahim , Garba M. Khalid +6 more | Ethnobotany Research and Applications

IMMUNOMODULATORY POTENTIAL OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF HENNA LEAF (Lawsonia Inermis L.) AGAINST MACROPHAGE PHAGOCYTOSIS IN MALE MICE (Mus Musculus)

2025-06-23

Wa Ode Gustiani Purnamasari , Fauziah Mulanna , Wa Ode Yuliastri +1 more | INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD)

Background: One of the herbal plants that can be used as an immunomodulator is henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis L.) that increase the function of the immune system. The purpose of … Background: One of the herbal plants that can be used as an immunomodulator is henna leaves (Lawsonia inermis L.) that increase the function of the immune system. The purpose of this study was to determine the immunomodulatory potential of henna leaves on macrophage phagocytosis and to determine at what dose the ethanol extract of henna leaves has the potential for macrophage phagocytosis in male mice (Mus musculus). Methods: The type of research used is analytical research using administering ethanol extract of henna leaves on increasing macrophage phagocytosis in male mice (Mus musculus) induced by Staphylococcus aureus, and to determine which dose is more effective in increasing phagocytosis using the phagocytosis test. The analysis method uses the ANOVA Statistical Test and the LSD Post Hoc Test. Results: The study showed that the ethanol extract of henna leaves has an immunomodulatory effect based on the results of the One Way ANOVA statistical test and post hoc test (p-value <0.05). The dose of ethanol extract of henna leaves that has immunomodulatory potential is a dose of 100 mg/kgBW (34.33%), a dose of 200 mg/kgBW (46%), a dose of 300 mg/kgBW (74.66%) and a dose of 400 mg/kgBW (75.33%). Conclusion: The study conclude that Ethanol extract of henna leaves has mmunomodulatory potential by increasing macrophage phagocytosis activity in male mice. Ethanol extract of henna leaves which is effective as an immunomodulator is 400 mg/kgBW which has a higher percentage of macrophage phagocytosis activity value compared to other dose variations, and is approximately the same as the positive control this is due to the number of phagocytic cells that actively carry out phagocytosis and is expressed as a percentage.

Antifungal Effects of Silver Nanoparticles, Synthesized Using Trichoderma harzianum, on Ganoderma boninense causes of basal stem rot on oil palm

2025-06-23

Lisnawita Lisnawita , Wismaroh Sanniwati Saragih , Ahmad Rafiqi Tantawi +2 more | Plant Disease

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit strong antimicrobial properties against plant pathogens. However, studies on the application of AgNPs, synthesized using the fungus Trichoderma harzianum, to control the growth of Ganoderma boninense … Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit strong antimicrobial properties against plant pathogens. However, studies on the application of AgNPs, synthesized using the fungus Trichoderma harzianum, to control the growth of Ganoderma boninense Pat, which causes basal stem rot (BSR) in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), have not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the potential of AgNPs, biologically synthesized using T. harzianum, as a biofungicide, and evaluate their effect on the growth of G. boninense in vitro and in vivo. Secondary metabolite compounds were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and the presence of AgNPs was confirmed by a brown color change, followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, particle size analysis, and in vitro testing. The FTIR and GC-MS results showed that isothiocyanate (N=C=S) and n-hexadecanoic acid (20.51 %) were present as the antifungal compounds. The AgNPs synthesized using T. harzianum were detected at approximately 410 nm and had a nanoparticle size of 77.3 nm. In vitro application of the AgNPs at a concentration of 100 mg/L exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of G. boninense. This result was in line with in on palm oil seedlings. The AgNPs-Th can suppress the severity of basal stem rot disease, and can stimulate the vegetative growth of oil palm plants. In conclusion, this study expanded the current understanding of antifungal effects of AgNPs synthesized using T. harzianum, and revealed their potential to suppress BSR caused by G. boninense in oil palm plantations.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTI BAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT JERUK JESIGO (Citrus nobilis Lour) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus Aureus DAN Salmonella enttertidis

2025-06-23

Heppy Setya Prima , Malikil Kudus Susalam , Fajri Maulana +2 more | Journal Animal Research and Applied Science

Staphylococcus Aureus dan Salmonella enteritidis adalah bakteri penyebab berbagai infeksi pada manusia salah satuna yaitu infeksi pada sistem pencernaan yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit diare dan memengaruhi produktivitas, kualitas produk ternak, … Staphylococcus Aureus dan Salmonella enteritidis adalah bakteri penyebab berbagai infeksi pada manusia salah satuna yaitu infeksi pada sistem pencernaan yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit diare dan memengaruhi produktivitas, kualitas produk ternak, serta keamanan pangan. Salah satu tantangan utama dalam menjaga kesehatan hewan ternak adalah infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri patogen. Salah satu cara untuk mengobati infeksi bakteri adalah dengan menggunakan antibiotik. Penggunaan antibiotik yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan perkembangan bakteri resisten. Jeruk Siam Gunung Omeh atau yang lebih dikenal dengan JESIGO yang memiliki ciri rasa manis dan buah relatif besar merupakan komoditi pertanian unggulan di Kecamatan Gunung Omeh berpotensi mengandung senyawa kimia berupa flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin dan tanin yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan metode difusi agar untuk mengetahui daya hambat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus dan Salmonella enteritidis melalui pembentukan zona inhibisi. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 kali ulangan yang terdiri atas 4 konsentrasi berbeda yaitu; 5 %, 15 %, 30 %, dan 50 % digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Amoxicilin dan DMSO digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan kontrol negatif. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa aktifitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit JESIGO ditunjukkan adanya daya hambat terhadap bakteri dengan kosentrasi 50 % mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus dan Salmonella enteritidis paling optimal ditandai dengan diameter zona hambat masing-masing sebesar 24,03 mm dan 25,41 mm (sangat kuat). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak kulit jeruk JESIGO (Citrus nobilis Lour) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus Aureus dan Salmonella enteritidis dalam kategori sangat kuat.

Analysis of the Use of Herbal Medicine in the Management of Degenerative Diseases in Medan City

2025-06-23

Sri Lestari Ramadhani Nasution , Nada Nurjanah Afrillia , Ermi Girsang | Contagion Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top">Degenerative diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory disorders represent major public health challenges in Indonesia, including in Medan City, with … <div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top">Degenerative diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory disorders represent major public health challenges in Indonesia, including in Medan City, with their prevalence continuing to rise due to modern lifestyles characterized by high intake of sugar and fat and low dietary fiber consumption. In response, herbal medicine has emerged as a popular and culturally aligned alternative treatment, particularly due to its affordability. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the perceived effectiveness of herbal medicine in managing degenerative diseases in Medan City. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed, involving 369 respondents selected through stratified proportional and purposive sampling across 21 sub-districts in Medan. Data were collected using a structured, content-validated, and reliability-tested questionnaire, and analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression techniques. The majority of respondents were female (79.9%) with a secondary education level (89.7%), and most perceived the availability of herbal medicine services as adequate (93.2%). Additionally, 90% of participants considered herbal medicine effective for managing degenerative conditions. Multivariate analysis revealed that educational attainment was the most significant predictor of perceived effectiveness (p = 0.012), with those possessing higher levels of education more likely to report positive outcomes. In contrast, gender and perceived service availability did not show significant associations. These findings highlight the need to enhance health literacy through educational interventions to optimize the safe and effective use of herbal medicine. Integrating herbal medicine into the formal healthcare system and promoting collaboration between traditional and biomedical practitioners are recommended strategies for improving degenerative disease management in urban populations such as Medan. </td></tr></tbody></table></div>Keywords: Herbal medicine; Degenerative diseases; Gender; Education level; Service availability

Formulation and Efficacy Test of Antistress Aromatherapy Candle with Jasmine Essential Oil (Jasminum sambac L) on Mice (Mus musculus)

2025-06-22

Noor Alfina Febrianti , Riana Rahmawati , Fahrudin Arif | Advances in Healthcare Research

Purpose: Aromatherapy is a non-pharmacological healing method that uses essential oils as therapeutic agents. Jasmine flowers (Jasminum sambac L.) contain active compounds such as linalool, benzyl acetate, methyl salicylate, cis-jasmone, … Purpose: Aromatherapy is a non-pharmacological healing method that uses essential oils as therapeutic agents. Jasmine flowers (Jasminum sambac L.) contain active compounds such as linalool, benzyl acetate, methyl salicylate, cis-jasmone, nerolidol, and indole that have potential applications in stress management. This study aims to investigate the antistress efficacy of aromatherapy candles made from jasmine essential oil on mice (Mus musculus). Research Method: This study employed a laboratory experiment with a post-test-only control group design. A total of 25 male mice were divided into five groups, each consisting of five mice. The treatment groups were exposed to aromatherapy candles with essential oil concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6%, while the control groups included a negative control and a positive control. Stress induction was performed using the Tail Suspension Test (TST), and effectiveness was assessed through immobility time parameters. Data analysis was conducted using a One-Way ANOVA test. Results and Discussion: The results indicate that the wax formula with a concentration of 6% has the best physical characteristics and provides the fastest relaxation effect. The ANOVA test reveals a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of aromatherapy wax on stress reduction in mice. Implications: This study reinforces the potential of jasmine essential oil-based aromatherapy candles as an alternative therapy for stress management, while also supporting the development of safe and effective, naturally based health products.

POTENSI EKSTRAK BENALU TEH (Scurrula oortiana Dans.) TERHADAP BAKTERI PENYEBAB JERAWAT Staphylococcus epidermidis DAN Staphylococcus aureus

2025-06-21

Yonathan Tri Atmodjo Reubun , Annysa Ellycornia Silvyana , Lia Warti +1 more | Jurnal Wiyata Penelitian Sains dan Kesehatan

Acne is a disease in which there is a buildup of skin oil glands which results in clogged skin pores, causing excess fat deposits. Bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and … Acne is a disease in which there is a buildup of skin oil glands which results in clogged skin pores, causing excess fat deposits. Bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus are the main factors in the emergence of this acne disease. The use of natural medicine can be used to test the inhibitory activity of both bacteria, one of which is tea mistletoe. The purpose of this study was to obtain the inhibitory activity of bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus from tea mistletoe extract using the liquid dilution method, namely MIC and MBC. The concentrations used consisted of 100000ppm, 50000 ppm, 25000ppm, 12500 ppm, 6250ppm, and 3125ppm. The MIC method is based on the turbidity or clarity of the test solution, while the MBC is based on the concentration of the extract in the media used. The results of the study showed that tea mistletoe extract has the potential to inhibit at 50,000ppm and above on both bacteria with the MIC method and kill at a concentration of 50,000ppm on S.aureus bacteria and 25,000ppm on S.epidermidis. The conclusion of this study is that tea mistletoe extract has the potential to inhibit and kill S.epidermidis and S.aureus bacteria at a concentration of 50,000ppm on the MIC and 25,000ppm on the MBC method.

Development and Assessment of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized from Wild carrot. Leaf Extract for Cancer Therapy

2025-06-21

Rimmy Nandal , Amit Attri , Priya Dhiman +6 more | Journal of Neonatal Surgery

All over the world, Cancer is the most fatal disease. Various forms of cancer can be treated with a variety of medication groups. The leaves extract of Wild carrot was … All over the world, Cancer is the most fatal disease. Various forms of cancer can be treated with a variety of medication groups. The leaves extract of Wild carrot was used in this study to formulate Copper nanoparticles utilizing a Green synthetic method. NPS were successfully synthesized using the Copper Sulphate Solution as the precursor of copper and leaf extract Wild carrot of the 50 ml (5 mm) of CuSO4 was stimulated to react using the plant extracts. The nanoparticles exhibited a cuboidal shape and had an average size of 36.7nm, 53.5nm and 75.6 nm. FTIR spectrum analysis shows absorption peak of copper nanoparticles bonding among 1509-3917cm-1. In the SEM, the particle shape was found to be Cuboidal. The results showed that the copper nanoparticles demonstrated significant anticancer potential with a GI50 value of >80ug/ml of plant and copper nanoparticles. As compare to standard drug with a GI50 value of <10ug/ml a strong inhibitory effect on the cancer cells.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI PADA EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH ALPUKAT (Persea americana Mill) TERHADAP BAKTERI PENYEBAB JERAWAT

2025-06-21

Annysa Ellycornia Silvyana , Lia Warti , Nunung Nurhayati +6 more | Jurnal Wiyata Penelitian Sains dan Kesehatan

Latar belakang: Kandungan flavonoid, fenol, steroid, dan alkaloid pada kulit buah alpukat (Persea americana Mill) yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri penyebab jerawat. Jerawat umumnya terjadi pada remaja dan muncul di wajah, … Latar belakang: Kandungan flavonoid, fenol, steroid, dan alkaloid pada kulit buah alpukat (Persea americana Mill) yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri penyebab jerawat. Jerawat umumnya terjadi pada remaja dan muncul di wajah, bahu, dada, serta punggung atas. Penyebab utamanya adalah bakteri S. Epidermidis, S. aureus dan P. acnes. Tujuan: Untuk menentukan konsentrasi optimal ekstrak kulit alpukat sebagai antibakteri terhadap S. Epidermidis, S. aureus dan P. acnes menggunakan metode KHM dan KBM, serta melakukan uji parameter spesifik dan nonspesifik. Metode: Metode ini menentukan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum menggunakan microplate 96-well dengan Nutrient Broth untuk S. epidermidis dan S. aureus, serta Brain Heart Infusion Broth untuk P. acnes. Campuran diinkubasi pada 37°C (aerob 24 jam untuk S. epidermidis dan S. aureus; anaerob 72 jam untuk P. acnes), lalu diamati kekeruhannya. Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum ditentukan dari sampel KHM tidak keruh, dengan inkubasi ulang untuk melihat konsentrasi terendah yang membunuh 99,9% bakteri. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah alpukat) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus pada konsentrasi 25.000 ppm, terdapat aktivitas antibakteri S. epidermidis pada konsentrasi 25.000 ppm, dan pada bakteri P. acnes aktivitas antibakteri terjadi pada konsentrasi 50.000 ppm. Simpulan: Ekstrak kulit buah alpukat memiliki aktivitas antibakteri penyebab jerawat.

Pengaruh Kombinasi Probiotik, Ubi Jalar Ungu, dan Zinc terhadap Tebal Epitel Usus Mencit Jantan BALB/c Kolitis Ulseratif terinduksi Asam Asetat

2025-06-20

Ghefira Tsuraya , Conita Yuniarifa , Atina Hussaana +2 more | Amerta Nutrition

Latar Belakang: Penggunaan probiotik untuk memperbaiki kolitis masih belum memuaskan, sehingga perlu diberikan kombinasi probiotik, ubi jalar ungu, dan zinc. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi probiotik, ubi jalar ungu dan zinc … Latar Belakang: Penggunaan probiotik untuk memperbaiki kolitis masih belum memuaskan, sehingga perlu diberikan kombinasi probiotik, ubi jalar ungu, dan zinc. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi probiotik, ubi jalar ungu dan zinc terhadap tebal epitel. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental post test only randomized control group design menggunakan 30 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, K-, K+, PI, P2, P3 diinduksi asam asetat 4% pada hari ke-1 kecuali kelompok KN, selanjutnya setiap kelompok diberikan perlakuan selama 5 hari, K- diberi aquades, K+ diberi sulfasalazine 1,3 mg/20 g BB, P1 diberi probiotik 0,078 mg/20 gBB + ubi jalar ungu 0,00169 g/20 gBB, P2 diberi probiotik 0,078 mg/20 gBB + zinc 0,052 mg/20 gBB, P3 diberi kombinasi probiotik 0,078 mg/20 gBB + ubi jalar ungu 0,00169 g/20 gBB + zinc 0,0052 mg/20 gBB. Preparat histologi menggunakan Hematoxylin-Eosin dilihat dalam perbesaran 400× dengan 10 lapang pandang. Hasil: Hasil rerata tebal epitel KN (75,48±5,09), K- (28,02±5,60), K+ (69,1±13,82), P1 (47,05±9,41), P2 (48,6±9,73), P3 (71,57±14,31). Dianalisis dengan uji One Way Anova didapatkan perbedaaan bermakna antara kelompok (p-value<0,001). Uji Post Hoc LSD menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (p-value<0,05) antar semua pasangan kelompok, kecuali antara kelompok K+ dengan kelompok P3 (p-value=0,134) dan kelompok P1 dengan kelompok P2 (p-value=0,349). Kelompok P3 merupakan kelompok yang memiliki rerata tertinggi (71,57±14,31). Kesimpulan: Kombinasi probiotik, ubi jalar ungu dan zinc berpengaruh terhadap tebal epitel usus mencit jantan BALB/c kolitis ulseratif.

Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella typhimurium dan Staphylococcus aureus

2025-06-20

Kun Mardiwati Rahayu , S Parameswari , Nita Noriko | Deleted Journal

Most infectious diseases occur in the digestive tract caused by Salmonella typhimurium, while in the respiratory tract caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Continuous use of antibiotics as a treatment for bacterial … Most infectious diseases occur in the digestive tract caused by Salmonella typhimurium, while in the respiratory tract caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Continuous use of antibiotics as a treatment for bacterial diseases can result in resistance, therefore it needs to be balanced with the discovery of herbal medicines. Jatropha curcas is thought to have the ability to inhibit the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The purpose of this study was to obtain data and information on the antibacterial activity of Jatropha curcas leaf extract. This study used the paper disc diffusion method with 6 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments used were positive control (chloramphenicol), negative control (DMSO), and concentration of Jatropha curcas leaf extract of 10%; 20%; 40% and 80%. The results showed that Jatropha curcas leaf extract at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40% and 80% had an effect on the growth of Salmonella typhimurium with the average inhibition zone obtained being 9.78; 9.19; 11.95; and 16.88 mm. At concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40% and 80%, it has an effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with the average inhibition zone results obtained being 13.23; 14.83; 16.01; and 18.03 mm.Keywords – Jatropha Leaf Extract, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus Aureus.

The Use of Citronella Essential Oil (Cymbopogon nardus) to Treat ORF Disease in Local Sheep

2025-06-20

Wahyu Suradi Pranata , Zahrotul Fuadzah , Rizky Prasetiadi +3 more | Jurnal Ternak

ORF disease is a contagious skin infection in sheep caused by a virus of the Parapoxvirus genus. The resulting scabby lesions can lead to decreased productivity and secondary infections. This … ORF disease is a contagious skin infection in sheep caused by a virus of the Parapoxvirus genus. The resulting scabby lesions can lead to decreased productivity and secondary infections. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) essential oil in accelerating the healing of ORF wounds. A total of 24 local sheep infected with ORF were divided into three groups: Group I (1% concentration), Group II (5%), and Group III (10%). The treatment solution was applied topically every two days over a 14-day period. The results showed that Group III had the fastest healing time. Citronella essential oil at 10% concentration was proven effective as a natural treatment for ORF and holds potential for further development in veterinary applications for sheep farmers.

Formulasi dan Uji Mutu Fisik Krim Antiperspirant dari Ekstrak Kunyit Putih (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Roscoe)

2025-06-19

Nona Syafira , Gabena Indrayani Dalimunthe , Minda Sari Lubis +1 more | Journal of Pharmaceutical And Sciences

Latar Belakang: Kunyit putih (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Roscoe) merupakan tanaman dari famili Zingiberaceae yang dikenal memiliki kandungan bioaktif seperti kurkumin, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, dan tanin. Senyawa-senyawa ini memiliki potensi sebagai … Latar Belakang: Kunyit putih (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Roscoe) merupakan tanaman dari famili Zingiberaceae yang dikenal memiliki kandungan bioaktif seperti kurkumin, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, dan tanin. Senyawa-senyawa ini memiliki potensi sebagai antiperspirant alami karena sifat astringen dan antimikroba yang dapat mengurangi produksi keringat dan mencegah bau badan. Penggunaan antiperspirant sintetis yang mengandung aluminium klorida sering menimbulkan iritasi kulit, sehingga diperlukan alternatif berbahan alami yang lebih aman. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan sediaan krim antiperspirant berbahan dasar ekstrak kunyit putih (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Roscoe) dengan mutu fisik yang baik, serta mengevaluasi efektivitas berbagai konsentrasi sediaan dalam menghambat produksi keringat. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan tahapan ekstraksi kunyit putih menggunakan etanol 96% melalui maserasi, kemudian dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator. Formulasi krim antiperspirant dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak. Evaluasi mutu fisik meliputi uji organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, stabilitas, viskositas, daya lekat, daya sebar, tipe krim, serta uji iritasi dan antiperspirant pada sukarelawan. Hasil: Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kunyit putih mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin. Krim dengan konsentrasi 17,5% menunjukkan efektivitas antiperspirant tertinggi dibandingkan konsentrasi 7,5% dan 12,5%. Semua formulasi memenuhi persyaratan mutu fisik, termasuk pH (4,5–6,5), viskositas (2.700–23.020 cP), dan stabilitas selama 14 hari tanpa perubahan signifikan. Kesimpulan: Krim antiperspirant berbasis ekstrak kunyit putih memenuhi standar mutu fisik dan memiliki efek antiperspirant yang signifikan, terutama pada konsentrasi 17,5%. Penelitian ini membuktikan potensi kunyit putih sebagai bahan aktif alami dalam sediaan antiperspirant yang aman dan efektif.

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK KULIT BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum) SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP Propionibacterium acnes

2025-06-19

Nafisah Isnawati , April Nuraini , Khrisna Agung +3 more | Jurnal Ilmiah Pamenang

Abstrak Bawang putih (Allium sativum) merupakan sumber potensial sebagai agen terapeutik yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acne. Propionibacterium acne merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab terjadinya jerawat yang hidup … Abstrak Bawang putih (Allium sativum) merupakan sumber potensial sebagai agen terapeutik yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acne. Propionibacterium acne merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab terjadinya jerawat yang hidup di kulit, khususnya di area kelenjar minyak. Penatalaksaan jerawat diantaranya menggunakan antibiotik, baik yang topikal maupun sediaan oral. Penggunaan antibiotik jangka panjang dan penggunaan yang tidak sesuai bisa menyebabkan resistensi, selain itu juga menimbulkan efek samping seperti iritasi, gatal, dan terasa panas. Kulit bawang putih (Allium sativum) merupakan simplisia yang mengandung metabolit sekunder seperti saponin, terpenoid, alkaloid, dan flavonoid. Tujuan penelitian ini formulasi dan evaluasi mutu fisik sediaan gel dan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acne. Metode penelitian ini adalah laboratory eksperiment. Sampel kulit bawang putih diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Jumlah zat aktif yang digunakan dengan variasi konsentrasi F1 (5%), F2 (10%) dan F3 (15%) dan F0 (0%). Sediaan gel yang dihasilkan dilakukan evaluasi mutu fisik meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar daya lekat dan uji aktivitas antibakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketiga formula sediaan gel ekstrak kulit bawang putih dengan berbagai konsentrasi yang berbeda memenuhi syarat rentang yang diperbolehkan SNI. Daya hambat sediaan gel pada setiap formula semakin banyak kandungan ekstrak maka daya hambat semakin tinggi, dari ketiga formula daya hambat antibakteri memiliki kategori kuat. Abstract Garlic (Allium sativum) is a potential therapeutic agent with antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. Propionibacterium acnes is one of the bacteria that cause acne and resides on the skin, particularly in oil gland areas. Acne management includes the use of antibiotics, both topical and oral. However, long-term and improper use of antibiotics can lead to resistance and cause side effects such as irritation, itching, and burning sensations. Garlic skin (Allium sativum) is a simplisia containing secondary metabolites such as saponins, terpenoids, alkaloid and flavonoid. he aim of this study is the formulation and evaluation of the physical quality of the gel preparation and the antibacterial activity test against Propionibacterium acnes. This research used a laboratory experimental method. Garlic skin samples were extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol as the solvent. The amount of active substance used varied with different concentrations: F1 (5%), F2 (10%), F3 (15%), and F0 (0%). The resulting gel preparations were evaluated for physical quality, including organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, and antibacterial activity. The results showed that the three garlic peel extract gel formulas with different concentrations met the requirements within the allowable SNI range. The inhibitory power of the gel preparations increased with higher extract content. Among the three formulas, the antibacterial inhibitory power was categorized as strong

Transcriptional and phytohormonal responses to simulated animal grazing in Leymus chinensis

2025-06-19

Haiyan Li , Chunxu Zhou , J. Cheng +4 more | Plant Cell Reports

STUDI IN SILICO SENYAWA BIOAKTIF DARI TUMBUHAN KACANG GUDE (Cajanus Cajan) SEBAGAI KANDIDAT AGEN ANTIINFLAMASI

2025-06-18

Eka Putri Katonnia , Muhammad Arvito Ramadhan , Okta Suryani | Duta Pharma Journal

Inflamasi merupakan pertahanan tubuh saat terjadi rangsangan berbahaya pada jaringan tubuh. Namun inflamasi berlebih dapat menyebabkan rusaknya jaringan dan penyakit degeneratif. Enzim Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) memiliki peran penting dalam proses inflamasi … Inflamasi merupakan pertahanan tubuh saat terjadi rangsangan berbahaya pada jaringan tubuh. Namun inflamasi berlebih dapat menyebabkan rusaknya jaringan dan penyakit degeneratif. Enzim Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) memiliki peran penting dalam proses inflamasi sehingga penghambatan ennzim tersebut dapat menjadi pengendalian inflamasi. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) menjadi pengobatan konvensional untuk mengatasi inflamansi namun terkadang memiliki efek samping yang tidak diinginkan. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengeksplorasi interaksi senyawa dari ekstrak daun kacang gude (Cajanus Cajan) dengan Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dalam upaya menemukan obat antiinflamasi dengan pendekatan in silico menggunakan perangkat lunak MOE. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh 2 senyawa sebagai ligan terbaik yakni ?- selinene dan ?-tocopherol dengan nilai energi ikatan masing-masing 1.2433 kcal/mol dan 1.4352 kcal/mol dan nilai RMSD masing-masing -6.4444 Å dan -8.1138 Å. Selain itu, pengujian Lipinski Rule of Five menunjukkan hasil yang sesuai aturan dan memenuhi kriteria obat. Namun, untuk mengonfirmasi potensi aktivitas antiinflamasi dari senyawa tersebut secara menyeluruh, diperlukan validasi lebih lanjut melalui studi in vitro dan in vivo, guna membuktikan efektivitas biologis serta keamanannya sebelum dapat dikembangkan sebagai kandidat obat antiinflamasi.

Efektivitas Produk Herbal Antijamur untuk Terapi Ketombe (Pityarisis capitis): Literature Review dan Analisis Bibliometrik

2025-06-18

Esti Syahrin , Hadi Sudarjat , Rachel Noveriachristie Balapadang | Jurnal Sehat Mandiri

Dandruff (Pityriasis capitis) is a skin health problem caused by fungal growth on the scalp, increased production of oil glands (sebum) excessively. Current advances in science and technology have led … Dandruff (Pityriasis capitis) is a skin health problem caused by fungal growth on the scalp, increased production of oil glands (sebum) excessively. Current advances in science and technology have led to the development of herbal plant research to be used as antifungal herbal products in overcoming dandruff. The purpose of this literature review is to review and summarize herbal plants that have the potential to inhibit the growth of fungi that cause dandruff, so that it is useful to be developed as further research. Article searches were conducted from February to May 2024 using the Publish or Perish reference manager (PoP) tool in the Google scholar database source which was then term mapped in the Vosviewer software. The results of original research journal publications related to dandruff published in the range of 2014 to 2024 were obtained as many as 12 journals. The conclusion obtained in this literature review is that secondary metabolite compounds contained in herbal plants have a potential fungal inhibition mechanism, so it is appropriate to be developed in future research and used as an antifungal herbal product to treat dandruff.

Tinjauan Literatur : Potensi Senyawa Bioaktif Senggugu (Clerodendrum Serratum) sebagai Tanaman Obat Tradisional

2025-06-18

Ihsan Alfi Andri , Vriezka Mierza | Jurnal Sehat Mandiri

This study aims to explore in depth the potential of bioactive compounds contained in the Senggugu plant (Clerodendrum serratum) as a traditional medicinal plant useful in traditional medicine. This research … This study aims to explore in depth the potential of bioactive compounds contained in the Senggugu plant (Clerodendrum serratum) as a traditional medicinal plant useful in traditional medicine. This research is a systematic review of the literature with data search using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Inclusion criteria included research related to Clerodendrum serratum, research articles, and published in the last 10 years. From the initial search results of 61 articles, 8 relevant articles were selected for further analysis and it was found that various parts of the plant, especially roots and leaves, contain active compounds such as ursolic acid, flavonoids, saponins, and silver nanoparticles, which exhibit significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antarthritic properties. Laboratory and in silico studies support the effectiveness of the compound in inhibiting the activity of inflammatory enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines, such as COX-2 and TNF-α, which are involved in inflammatory processes and other chronic diseases. This therapeutic potential suggests that Senggugu can be a safe and natural alternative in the treatment of various diseases, while supporting efforts to utilize local plant resources to improve public health.

Perbandingan Jumlah Leukosit Menggunakan Ekstrak Buah Limau Kuit sebagai Reagensia Alternatif

2025-06-18

Muhammad Arsyad , Nurul Amalia , Nurbidayah Nurbidayah | Jurnal Sehat Mandiri

Limau kuit (Citrus hystrix DC) is a fruit that has a distinctive sour taste. The sourness in limau kuit extract can be used to replace glacial acetic acid, which is … Limau kuit (Citrus hystrix DC) is a fruit that has a distinctive sour taste. The sourness in limau kuit extract can be used to replace glacial acetic acid, which is one of the compounds found in reagents used to aid in the diagnosis of certain diseases. One of the reagents that contains acetic acid is Turk’s solution, which functions to stain leukocyte cells and lyse other cells except leukocytes, thus enabling leukocyte count analysis. The objective of this study was to count leukocytes using a modified Turk’s solution made from limau kuit extract and compare the results with those obtained using commercial Turk’s solution. The study design was a randomized post-test only controlled group design, using instruments such as a microscope, micropipette, test tubes, and an improved Neubauer chamber. The research was conducted in the pathology laboratory of Universitas Borneo Lestari in October 2024. Leukocyte count examinations were performed in 16 repetitions, followed by statistical data analysis using the Independent Sample T-Test. The results showed that the leukocyte counts obtained using the modified Turk’s solution from limau kuit extract did not show a significant difference. The difference in mean leukocyte count was 40.63 cells/mm³, with a median difference of 100 cells/mm³, a maximum difference of 150 cells/mm³, and a minimum difference of 200 cells/mm³. Microscopically, erythrocytes were completely lysed and leukocytes were clearly visible; however, bacterial contamination was still observed in the field of view. In conclusion, the modification of Turk’s reagent using limau kuit extract showed no significant difference between the control group (commercial Turk’s reagent) and the treatment group.

Evaluation of the Effects of Sumac (Rhus coriaria) Extract-Loaded Ethosomes on an In Vitro Wound Healing Model

2025-06-18

Melis Emanet , Matteo Battaglini , Alessio Carmignani +4 more | ACS Omega

DAYA PENYEMBUHAN LUKA SAYAT EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAUN UBI JALAR (Ipomoea batatas L) TERHADAP KELINCI

2025-06-18

Siwi Hastuti , Anom Parmadi , Bangkit Ary Pratama | Duta Pharma Journal

Daun ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) selain sebagai bahan makanan banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai penyembuhan berbagai macam penyakit seperti radang kulit bernanah, bisul, berak darah, tersiram air panas, gatal-gatal, … Daun ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) selain sebagai bahan makanan banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai penyembuhan berbagai macam penyakit seperti radang kulit bernanah, bisul, berak darah, tersiram air panas, gatal-gatal, diare,dan pembalut luka baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya penyembuhan luka sayat ekstrak etil asetat daun ubi jalar terhadap kelinci. Metode penelitian ini diawali dengan pembuatan ekstrak etil asetat secara maserasi. Uji farmakologi dilakukan terhadap hewan uji kelinci yang dikenai luka sayat pada punggungnya dan diberi perlakuan kontrol positif (betadine), kontrol negatif (minyak kelapa), dan ekstrak etil asetat daun ubi jalar dengan konsentrasi 40%, 20% dan 10%. Hasil pengukuran panjang luka sayat selama tujuh digunakan untuk menganalisis nilai AUC dan persentase daya penyembuhan luka sayat. Selanjutnya dianalisis statistik dengan uji one way anova. Hasil uji farmakologi ekstrak etil asetat daun ubi jalar konsentrasi 40%, 20% dan 10% berturut-turut memiliki daya penyembuhan luka (13,74 ± 0,02)%, (11,97 ± 0,04)% dan (5,95 ± 0,16)% sedangkan kontrol positif memiliki daya penyembuhan luka sayat sebesar 15,2± 0,04)%. Ekstrak etil asetat daun ubi jalar memiliki potensi sebagai obat bahan alam untuk penyembuhan luka sayat.

Literatur Review: Tumbuhan Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Sebagai Salah Satu Tumbuhan Obat Dengan Aktivitas Farmakologis Antioksidan

2025-06-17

Dara Juliana , Kristina Simajuntak , Tiwuk Susantiningsih +5 more | Jurnal Medical Laboratory

Tumbuhan kelor (Moringa oleifera) dikenal luas sebagai tanaman obat dengan aktivitas farmakologis yang beragam, terutama sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur yang bertujuan untuk mereview berbagai senyawa bioaktif dalam … Tumbuhan kelor (Moringa oleifera) dikenal luas sebagai tanaman obat dengan aktivitas farmakologis yang beragam, terutama sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur yang bertujuan untuk mereview berbagai senyawa bioaktif dalam bagian tumbuhan kelor (daun, biji, akar, batang, bunga) dan potensi antioksidannya dalam mencegah serta mengatasi berbagai penyakit. Dari berbagai jurnal nasional dan internasional yang dianalisis, ditemukan bahwa kelor mengandung flavonoid, fenolik, saponin, tanin, dan senyawa antioksidan lain yang mampu menetralkan radikal bebas dan menurunkan risiko stres oksidatif. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi umumnya ditemukan pada bagian daun dan biji, tergantung metode ekstraksi dan pelarut yang digunakan. Senyawa seperti quercetin, kaempferol, dan asam galat memiliki kontribusi signifikan terhadap efek tersebut. Dengan kandungan senyawa aktif yang tinggi dan sifat farmakologis yang luas, Moringa oleifera menunjukkan potensi besar sebagai agen terapi alami untuk pengobatan penyakit degeneratif dan inflamasi. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut secara in vitro untuk menguji efektivitas farmakologis dari senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam tanaman ini.

Characterization and Screening of Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Muntingia calabura

2025-06-17

Seema J Patel | Annals of Agri Bio Research

Endophytic fungi reside within plant tissues and contribute to plant health by producing bioactive secondary metabolites. This study focuses on the isolation, characterization, and antagonistic activity of endophytic fungi from … Endophytic fungi reside within plant tissues and contribute to plant health by producing bioactive secondary metabolites. This study focuses on the isolation, characterization, and antagonistic activity of endophytic fungi from Muntingia calabura. Healthy leaf samples were collected from Bangalore, India, and processed under sterile conditions. The fungi were isolated using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and characterized based on macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular techniques using ITS sequencing. Molecular analysis confirmed the isolates as Aspergillus niger and Fusarium thapsinum. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results showed significant inhibition zones, indicating strong antimicrobial activity. This study highlights the potential of endophytic fungi as sources of natural antimicrobial agents for biocontrol and pharmaceutical applications.

An overview of alternative antimicrobial therapies

2025-06-17

Tatiana Subbotina , S.V. Romanova , Anastasia V. Tsypkina +5 more | Russian Medicine

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most difficult global health problems. Currently, there is an increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains on the verge of an economic and … Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most difficult global health problems. Currently, there is an increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains on the verge of an economic and social catastrophe, and therefore it is necessary to search for alternative effective approaches to antimicrobial therapy and prevention. The most interesting alternatives to antibacterial drugs are: antibodies, bacteriophages and enzymes derived from phages, antiviral agents, probiotics and microbiome-modulating substances, immunostimulators, antimicrobial peptides that protect the host, nanoparticles and liposomes, etc. An integrated approach to the treatment of infections without exacerbating the problem of antimicrobial resistance involves combining these alternative treatment methods with strategies preserving the effectiveness of existing antimicrobial drugs. The purpose of the article is to summarize information about the causes and mechanisms underlying the development of resistance, the limitations of standard treatments, alternative treatments that can combat the development of resistance, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as future challenges. The review article provides summary data on alternative antimicrobial therapies at various stages of pharmaceutical development.

Pengembangan Produk Aromaterapi AURUME sebagai Alternatif Relaksasi Non-Medis yang Ramah Lingkungan

2025-06-16

Lenita Devi Aulia , Siti Sofiatul Khasanah , Dhia Aulia Suryanto +3 more | Deleted Journal

Kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya kesehatan mental dan fisik mendorong peningkatan minat terhadap produk berbasis bahan alami, termasuk aromaterapi. AURUME hadir sebagai inovasi produk aromaterapi berbahan dasar minyak esensial berkualitas tinggi … Kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya kesehatan mental dan fisik mendorong peningkatan minat terhadap produk berbasis bahan alami, termasuk aromaterapi. AURUME hadir sebagai inovasi produk aromaterapi berbahan dasar minyak esensial berkualitas tinggi yang dirancang untuk memberikan efek relaksasi, meningkatkan fokus, dan memperbaiki suasana hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan produk aromaterapi yang aman, efektif, dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan konsumen, serta merancang strategi pemasaran yang tepat agar produk dapat diterima di pasar. Metode pelaksanaan terdiri dari tahap perencanaan produk, produksi, hingga pemasaran secara online maupun offline. Hasil yang dicapai menunjukkan bahwa AURUME memiliki potensi pasar yang cukup besar, didukung oleh tren gaya hidup sehat dan preferensi konsumen terhadap produk alami. Selain itu, strategi pemasaran yang diterapkan berhasil meningkatkan jangkauan pasar, khususnya di kalangan remaja dan dewasa muda. Penelitian ini juga menyoroti pentingnya edukasi terkait penggunaan aromaterapi secara aman dan efektif, serta peluang pengembangan varian produk baru berbasis kebutuhan spesifik konsumen. Dengan demikian, AURUME diharapkan dapat berkontribusi dalam menciptakan ekosistem industri kesehatan yang inovatif, berkelanjutan, dan berbasis bahan alami berkualitas tinggi.

Analisis Bibliometrik : Mekanisme Aksi dan Efektifitas Flavonoid Terhadap Gagal Ginjal

2025-06-16

Muhammad Ashhabul Kahfi Mathar , Ni Made Linawati , Ida Ayu Ika Wahyuniari +1 more | Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran (Journal of Medical Science)

The Study Of Efficacy Of Oral Khadiradi Vati In Tundikeri W.R.T Acute Tonsillitis

2025-06-16

Amruta Sagar Jorvekar , Saniya Yusufkhan Pathan , Rhuta Naimish Saraf +2 more | Journal of Neonatal Surgery

Intoduction: The inflammatory condition of tonsil is known as Tonsillitis. Multifocal aetiology that combines together to lower the immunity of the body and this in turn causes Acute Tonsillitis. Acute … Intoduction: The inflammatory condition of tonsil is known as Tonsillitis. Multifocal aetiology that combines together to lower the immunity of the body and this in turn causes Acute Tonsillitis. Acute Tonsillitis can be compared with Tundikeri as there is marked resemblance in their symptoms. Different medical faculties with various therapies have tried in this disease with limited success or time bound relief. ENT specialist recommends tonsillectomy for recurrent attacks of tonsillitis but it has less detrimental effect on the local IgA response in the nasopharyngeal fluid. The former available conservative treatments are antimicrobials, analgesics, and anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat this disease, which accounts for large proportion of health care cost. Besides this, above drug also have limitations and side effects. The increasing refractory nature of infection caused by recently appearing drug resistant bacteria is a particular major clinical problem and to overcome above limitations and side effects it becomes necessary to elucidate another safe, economical and cheap therapy to treat tonsillitis and give better results, so a lot of can be done to support and attain tonsillar health naturally through the traditional way. Khadiradi Vati (Gutika) is an ayurvedic herbal remedy used for mouth ulcer, pharyngitis (sore throat) and other diseases of teeth, gums, tongue and throat. Khadiradi vati acts as an oral anti-septic anti-inflammatory, astringent & expectorant. Therefore, it is beneficial especially in sore throat & tonsillitis or infections of tonsils. Material And Methods: Total 60 patients were randomly selected having age between 10-60 yrs and was divided into 2 equal groups. Trial group were given oral khadiradi vati thrice a day While control group were given yashtimadhu vati thrice day. Appropriate statistical test is applied to evaluate the effect of khadiradi vati in Tundikeri w.r.t. acute tonsillitis. Results And Discussion: Khadiradi Vati has Deepan, Pachan, Swedan, Vilayan properties, which in effect causes Kapha Shaman. Yashtimadhu Vati in control group which is a proven antimicrobial anti-inflammatory drug. Culture and sensitivity of throat swab of patients was done and it observed that Khadiradi vati has antimicrobial property. Oral Khadiradi vati is having Katu Rasa, Ushna Veerya, Tikshna Ushna Guna. It helps in the radical removal of toxic substances from the body. They cause the separation of the matters obstructing the Strotas and dialate them. Above properties of Khadiradi vati results in Amashaya Gata Kapha Dosha Shamana and also rejuvenate Rakta Dhatu, so Samprapti Bhang of Tundikeri Vyadhi Occurs resulting in Shamana of vyadhi lakshanas hence effective in Tundikeri. Conclusion: Oral Khadiradi Vati is effective than control group in Tundikeri. It is safe, cost effective and easy procedure to perform. It decreases severity of throat infection. Hence the role of drug in this disease is proved.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Kulit Jeruk Nipis (Citrus Aurantifolia) Dengan Garam Sebagai Antiseptik Alami Dalam Menurunkan Jumlah Angka Kuman Pada Peralatan Makan

2025-06-16

Inayah Inayah , Hasma Hajar | Sulolipu Media Komunikasi Sivitas Akademika dan Masyarakat

Kebersihan peralatan makan yang kurang baik dapat berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan dan penyebaran penyakit serta keracunan makanan. Untuk itu, penggunaan antiseptik alami kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) dengan garam dapat … Kebersihan peralatan makan yang kurang baik dapat berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan dan penyebaran penyakit serta keracunan makanan. Untuk itu, penggunaan antiseptik alami kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) dengan garam dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi risiko kontaminasi bakteri patogen pada peralatan makan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan antiseptik kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) dengan garam menggunakan konsentrasi 30%, 40%, dan 50% terhadap penurunan jumlah angka kuman pada sendok. Jenis penelitian menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pre-post test dan dilakukan 3 kali replikasi. Jumlah keseluruhan sampel adalah 19 sampel. Hasil penelitian di analisis menggunakan uji statistik paired samples test, didapatkan hasil yaitu konsentrasi 30% dengan total penurunan 20 CFU/m2 dan nilai sig. 0,057>0,05 artinya tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan, untuk konsentrasi 40% dengan total penurunan 25 CFU/m2 dan nilai sig. 0,029<0,05 artinya ada pengaruh yang signifikan, sedangkan konsentrasi 50% dengan total penurunan 29 CFU/m2 dan nilai sig. 0,035<0,05 artinya ada pengaruh yang signifikan dalam menurunkan jumlah angka kuman pada sendok. Penggunaan antiseptik alami pada konsentrasi 30%, 40%, dan 50% tidak mampu menurunkan jumlah angka kuman pada peralatan makan sendok menurut Permenkes RI No.1096/MENKES/PER/IV/2011 Tentang Higiene Sanitasi Jasa Boga yaitu 0 (nol) CFU/m2. Disarankan bagi peneliti selanjutnya agar tidak hanya fokus pada sendok, tetapi juga pada berbagai jenis alat makan lainnya seperti piring dan gelas. Kata Kunci: Antiseptik alami; kulit jeruk nipis, garam; jumlah angka kuman (ALT); sendok

Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and anticancer properties of wild Artemisia haussknechtii in Sulaymaniyah-Iraq

2025-06-15

| Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.) terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2025-06-15

Prishcilia Iwasil , Christi Mambo , Jimmy Posangi +3 more | e-CliniC

Abstract: Aloe vera (Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.) is recognized for its antibacterial potential, particularly against skin infection-causing bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Skin infections pose a … Abstract: Aloe vera (Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.) is recognized for its antibacterial potential, particularly against skin infection-causing bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Skin infections pose a significant health issue in Indonesia, characterized by high prevalence rates and increasing global antibiotic resistance This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Aloe vera against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An experimental laboratory design was employed for this research. The extract was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol and tested using the disk diffusion method. The study compared three concentrations of the extract 20%, 40%, and 60% against ciprofloxacin as a positive control, and 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a negative control. The average inhibition zone diameters against Propionibacterium acnes at concentrations of 20%, 40%, and 60% were 10.55 mm, 11.66 mm, and 12.98 mm, respectively. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the inhibition zones measured 9.68 mm, 12.25 mm, and 13.43 mm at the same concentrations. In conclusion, antibacterial activity of Aloe vera extract against Propionibacterium acnes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa falls into the strong category, with the highest inhibition observed at a concentration of 60%. Keywords: Aloe vera; antibacterial activity; Propionibacterium acnes; Pseudomonas aeruginosa Abstrak: Lidah buaya (Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.) dikenal memiliki potensi antibakteri, terutama terhadap bakteri penyebab infeksi kulit seperti Propionibacterium acnes dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infeksi kulit menjadi masalah kesehatan penting di Indonesia, dengan prevalensi tinggi dan peningkatan resistensi antibiotik global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol lidah buaya terhadap pertumbuhan Propionibacterium acnes dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah eksperimental laboratorium. Ekstrak diperoleh melalui maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% kemudian diuji menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Uji dilakukan dengan konsentasi ekstrak 20%, 40%, dan 60%, ciprofloxacin sebagai kontrol positif dan CMC 1% sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil nilai rerata zona hambat terhadap Propionibacterium acnes pada konsentrasi 20%, 40%, dan 60% secara berurutan, yaitu 10,55 mm, 11,66 mm, dan 12,98 mm, sedangkan terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa, yaitu 9,68 mm, 12,25 mm, dan 13,43 mm. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah daya hambat ekstrak lidah buaya terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa termasuk kategori kuat dengan zona hambat tertinggi pada konsentrasi 60%. Kata kunci: lidah buaya; antibakteri; Propionibacterium acnes; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“Formulation and Characterization of Antimicrobial Potential of Herbal Cream using Clitoria Ternatea Linn. Flowers (Aparajita) For the Treatment of Vaginal Infection”.

2025-06-15

Ayushi Mitkar | INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

Abstract: Clitoria ternatea, a member of the Fabaceae family, is frequently referred to as butterfly pea. It is utilised in several ayurvedic preparations and is usually referred to as "Shankpushpi" … Abstract: Clitoria ternatea, a member of the Fabaceae family, is frequently referred to as butterfly pea. It is utilised in several ayurvedic preparations and is usually referred to as "Shankpushpi" in Sanskrit. In addition to its medical applications, C. ternatea flowers are used as a natural food colouring and have become increasingly popular as ornamental flowers around the world. The purpose of this study was to treat vaginal infections by creating an antifungal cream with Clitoria ternatea Linn. (Flowers). Plant parts and flowers having antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiaging qualities are frequently found in herbal cosmetic formulations. The safest product for everyday use that doesn't cause any negative effects is herbal cosmetics. The most prevalent gynaecological issue that women encounter during their lives is vaginal infection, or vaginitis, which is brought on by Candida species. The current study aims to investigate the plant's anti-candida properties. The creation of a herbal cream was also the goal. The aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea Linn. flowers was used in the formulation and evaluation of the herbal cream in this study, and the results showed good results when compared to standard drugs. The herbal cream's formulation yielded highly promising and great outcomes compared to other herbal creams. In order to uncover and demonstrate the effectiveness of a prepared dosage form, it is crucial to ensure biological activity for every formulation. In light of this, herbal creams were made and tested for anti-candida properties; the cream's anti-candida activity was assessed as an ideal preparation. The PHC (HC5) has the best anti-candida activity when compared to the conventional formulation (MCC), according to the data, and can be used to treat vaginal infections. Furthermore, thorough clinical methods must be established in order to manufacture safe and efficient medications. Keywords: Clitoria ternatea; Anti-fungal; Vaginal infection, Anti-oxidant

Malaysian Herbaceous and Shrub Species with Anti-Obesity Properties: A Review

2025-06-15

Siow-Ping Tan , Win-Nie Ng | Records of Natural Products

The enhanced antifungal effect against Pyricularia oryzae of Cu nanoparticles/chitosan supplemented with ammonium soap synthesised from palm oil

2025-06-15

Trinh Van Le , Xuan Nam Tran , Nhung H. A. Nguyen +4 more | Ministry of Science and Technology Vietnam

Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Limau Kuit Peel (Citrus hystrix) Extract with Variation of Extraction Solvent

2025-06-13

Muhammad Ikhwan Rizki , Ni Kadek Ayu Agustina , Anna Khumaira Sari +2 more | Medical Laboratory Technology Journal

Limau kuit (Citrus hystrix) has been traditionally utilized for its therapeutic properties, particularly the antioxidant potential of its peel. Extraction is preferred for medicinal use, with solvent selection playing a … Limau kuit (Citrus hystrix) has been traditionally utilized for its therapeutic properties, particularly the antioxidant potential of its peel. Extraction is preferred for medicinal use, with solvent selection playing a critical role in determining the yield and concentration of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to assess the characteristics and antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ value) of Limau Kuit peel extract extracted with three different solvents. The research methods, starting with sample preparation, were carried out by drying Limau Kuit peel, then extraction using three different solvents: distilled water, ethanol 70%, and ethanol 96%. Extraction with distilled water solvent used the infusion method, while the ethanol solvent used the maceration method. The third extract was then characterized based on the parameters of percent yield, organoleptic testing, phytochemical screening, chromatography profile, and determination of total flavonoid levels. Antioxidant activity testing on the third extract using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The study results showed that the third extract had the same shape, color, aroma, taste, and compound content: flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, and terpenoids. The results of thin-layer chromatography also showed no difference in the third extract. The characteristic differences were found in the parameters of percent yield and total flavonoid content. The highest total flavonoid content of Limau Kuit (Citrus hystrix) peel extract was obtained using 70% ethanol (11.47% w/w), followed by 96% ethanol (6.39% w/w), and distilled water (2.82% w/w). Antioxidant activity, evaluated using the IC₅₀ value as the parameter, showed that the 70% ethanol extract exhibited the strongest activity (21.26 ppm, very strong), followed by the 96% ethanol extract (31.87 ppm, very strong), and distilled water extract (70.91 ppm, strong). This study concludes that 70% ethanol is the most effective solvent for extracting antioxidant-rich compounds from Limau Kuit peel, supporting its potential use in herbal formulations.

In-silico & In-Vitro study for Assessment of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activity of the secondary metabolites containing the leaves extract of Acacia suma L.

2025-06-13

Nilip Kanti Deb , Soumi Chattopadhyay , Anusree Raha +4 more | Journal of Neonatal Surgery

One of the main sources for developing new, efficient medications is thought to be medicinal plants. In this context, the study's objectives were to determine whether polyphenolic and flavonoid fractions … One of the main sources for developing new, efficient medications is thought to be medicinal plants. In this context, the study's objectives were to determine whether polyphenolic and flavonoid fractions were present using phytochemical screening in chloroform extracts of Acacia suma L leaves and to assess the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of these fractions. Additionally, in silico analysis was carried out using the extract's phytochemical screening as a basis, and it was followed by previously reported compounds with antibacterial activity contributed by phenolic, terpenoids, and flavonoids—present in the plant extract as it was confirmed by LC-MS/MS results of the extract obtained during the study. The principle behind this analysis is molecular docking, which uses PyRx software to predict activity, and the Swiss ADME web portal was used to perform ADME analysis of the same reported phytoconstituents in order to infer their pharmacokinetic properties. The Procheck online portal and Discovery Studio visualizer were used to validate the receptors or protein structures that were taken into consideration in the docking investigations. For the in vitro antibacterial investigation, the disc diffusion assay was used against two strains of bacteria that are non-pathogenic in nature. The investigation revealed somewhat strong antibacterial activity, and MIC calculations were also performed. Total phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid content were quantitatively estimated from the obtained extract. Antioxidant activity of the plant extract also had been performed by using the peroxide method. IMODS web portal was used for the simulation study of the selected receptor.

Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Okara (Ampas Tahu) dan Formulasi Sediaan Face Scrub dengan Bahan Aktif Okara (Ampas Tahu)

2025-06-13

Lia Agustina , Riska Widianti Widianti , Ninis Yuliati +2 more | Jurnal Riset Sains dan Kesehatan Indonesia

Kulit merupakan organ pelindung utama tubuh dari paparan sinar ultraviolet (UV), sekaligus berfungsi dalam proses ekskresi, pengaturan suhu tubuh, dan sebagai indera peraba. Agar dapat menjalankan fungsinya secara optimal, kulit … Kulit merupakan organ pelindung utama tubuh dari paparan sinar ultraviolet (UV), sekaligus berfungsi dalam proses ekskresi, pengaturan suhu tubuh, dan sebagai indera peraba. Agar dapat menjalankan fungsinya secara optimal, kulit membutuhkan antioksidan yang berperan dalam menetralisir efek merugikan dari radikal bebas. Antioksidan merupakan senyawa yang berfungsi menghambat reaksi oksidasi dengan menetralkan radikal bebas. Ampas tahu (okara) merupakan hasil samping produksi tahu yang memiliki kandungan isoflavons ebagai antioksidan. Face scrub merupakan salah satu bentuk sediaan topical yang berfungsi mengangkat sel-sel kulit mati dari permukaan wajah melalui proses eksfoliasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur aktivitas antioksidan dari okara melalui metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), serta evaluasi mutu fisik sediaan face scrub. Sediaan face scrub dibuat dalam empat formulasi: F0 (tanpa zat aktif), F1 (2,5% okara), F2 (5% okara), dan F3 (7,5% okara). Hasil uji karakteristik sediaan yang meliputi uji homogenitas, iritasi, organoleptis, pH, dan stabilitas menunjukkan bahwa seluruh formulasi memenuhi persyaratan mutu. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan okara menunjukkan IC50 sebesar 477,636 ppm (antioksidan lemah). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa okara dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dalam formulasi face scrub dan memiliki potensi aktivitas antioksidan.

The effect of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) extract gel on TNF-α and caspase-3 expression in wound tissue of wistar rats

2025-06-12

Yulisa Afriani Ninasara , Joko Wahyu Wibowo , Israhnanto Isradji | AcTion Aceh Nutrition Journal

Exposure to acute ultraviolet B (UVB) damages the skin through oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. UVB increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage cells and trigger inflammation … Exposure to acute ultraviolet B (UVB) damages the skin through oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. UVB increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage cells and trigger inflammation by increasing TNF-α levels. Increased ROS and TNF-α levels activate caspase-3, which causes cellular apoptosis. This damage worsens skin conditions, triggers premature aging (photoaging), and increases the risk of skin cancer. In Indonesia, approximately 57,3% of the population is exposed to sunlight, with a prevalence of dry skin ranging from 50% to 80%, while photoaging contributes to approximately 80% of the adverse effects of skin aging. Clitoria ternatea contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that have the potential to suppress caspase-3 activation and prevent cell damage. This experimental study used a post-test-only control group design with a completely randomized design, involving male Wistar rats divided into four treatment groups (K1–K4). The study was conducted at the Chemistry Laboratory of IBL UNISSULA, with animal treatment at the Animal Experiment Laboratory of IBL UNISSULA and skin tissue sample analysis at the General Medical Laboratory of CITO Yogyakarta from December 2024 to February 2025. Clitoria ternatea extract gel was applied topically once a day for 7 days, followed by UVB exposure (160 mJ/cm²) for ±15 min per day. Skin tissue samples were collected 24 h after the last treatment with a 6 mm punch biopsy, and the expression of TNF-α and caspase-3 was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Data were tested using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results, the group given a 5% dose of gel (K3) showed a significant decrease in the expression of TNF-α (0,35±0,20) and caspase-3 (0,16±0,32) compared to other groups, while the 10% dose (K4) showed no significant difference. The conclusion, Clitoria ternatea extract gel at a 5% dose effectively reduced the expression of TNF-α and caspase-3 in the skin of UVB-exposed mice.

Literature Review: Potensi Daun Sembung (Blumea balsamifera) sebagai Imunomodulator pada Hewan Percobaan

2025-06-12

Ghoisya Zahiro Shofa | Vitamedica.

One chemical substance that can enhance the function and activity of the immune system is an immunomodulator. Immunomodulators can be found in various plants, including sembung leaves (Blumea balsamifera). This … One chemical substance that can enhance the function and activity of the immune system is an immunomodulator. Immunomodulators can be found in various plants, including sembung leaves (Blumea balsamifera). This study aims to evaluate the potential of sembung leaf extract as an immunomodulator in experimental animals using a systematic literature review method. Articles were collected based on the keywords “immunomodulatory,” “sembung leaves,” and “body immunity” from the Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed databases. The results of animal studies indicate that the administration of ethanol extracts of Sembung leaves at various doses has potential as an immunomodulator with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, diuretic, and antidiarrheal effects. Additionally, Sembung leaf extracts have been shown to effectively inhibit bacterial growth and act as anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antipyretic agents, and anti-diarrheal.

A Review Article on Katishoola with Special Reference to Lumbar Spondylosis

2025-06-11

Sandeep Shrivastava , Jyoti Mishra , Shraddha Mishra +1 more | International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga

In the new millennium, the progressive and fast lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits, work which includes long sitting hours, improper sitting and sleeping postures, frequent traveling, jerks while traveling, sports activities, … In the new millennium, the progressive and fast lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits, work which includes long sitting hours, improper sitting and sleeping postures, frequent traveling, jerks while traveling, sports activities, and lack of physical and mental exercises have been known to cause one of the most common complain to visit a doctor which is the low backache. Spondylosis refers to the degenerative changes in the spine, such as bone spurs and degenerative changes in the intervertebral disc. Lumbar spondylosis is a musculoskeletal disorder in which there is degeneration of the lumbar spine which causes low backache. The degenerative change is followed by the narrowing of the intervertebral disc space, which leads to compression of the spinal nerves that exit the spinal cord. This compression of the spinal nerves leads to pain, numbness, stiffness, and tingling sensation in the legs. In Ayurveda, low backache can be correlated with Katishoola, which is a “Vataja Nanatmaja Vyadhi” and produces symptoms such as pain and stiffness in the Katipradesha. Lumbar Spondylosis is a degenerative condition of the lumbar spine that presents with narrowing of the disc space and compression of the spinal nerves, which further leads to pain in the lower back radiating to the legs and also cause numbness, stiffness, and tingling sensation in it. Unhealthy eating, a modern lifestyle, repetitive trauma to the spine, lifting heavy weights on the back, and long sitting hours with improper posture are known to act as the aggravating factors of low backache. In Ayurveda, this condition can be correlated with Katishoola. According to Acharya Sharangdhara, Katishoola is a “Vataja Nanatmaja Vyadhi.” Among the Tridoshas mentioned in the classical texts, Vata dosha plays a major role in the occurrence of diseases as the other doshas, dhatus, and malas are said to be “Pangu” without Vata dosha as mentioned by Acharya Sharagdhara. Katishoola has not been described as a separate disease in the classical texts, but references of Katishoola as a symptom of various diseases, such as Asthimajjagata

Potential of Ethanol Extract of Red Curly Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) as an Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Agent in Mice

2025-06-11

Salsabila Citagami , Yuani Setiawati , Rochmah Kurnijasanti +1 more | Journal of Basic Medical Veterinary

Medicinal plants containing polyphenols (flavonoid dan tannin), quercetin and capsaicin have strong antioxidant properties. These compounds can help inhibit oxidative stress that plays a role in various diseases, including diabetes … Medicinal plants containing polyphenols (flavonoid dan tannin), quercetin and capsaicin have strong antioxidant properties. These compounds can help inhibit oxidative stress that plays a role in various diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Capsicum annuum L is rich in phytochemicals and active compounds such as flavonoids (Quercetin, Luteolin, Kaempferol), tannins, saponins, terpenoids, carotenoids, and vitamin C. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of red curly chili (Capsicum annuum L.) ethanol extract as an antioxidant and antidiabetic agent in mice. The mice will be randomly divided into the following groups (6 mice per group): Diabetic control group (induced diabetes with streptozotocin, no treatment), and Capsicum annuum L group (Diabetic group treated with Capsicum annuum L ethanol extract at dose 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW for 21 days). On the 21st day, the mice were anesthetized, and blood samples were collected via intracardiac puncture for the analysis of blood glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Oral administration of Capsicum annuum L. At 400 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose and MDA levels (p<0.05) compared to the diabetic group. The results approached those of the normal group, although the difference was not statistically significant. The study confirmed that Capsicum annuum L. extract effectively alleviates oxidative stress associated with type II diabetes in STZ-induced mice, as evidenced by its ability to lower blood glucose levels and reduce MDA levels.