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Diverse Scientific Research Studies

Works Count: 31051

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, covering topics such as epidemiology, pharmacotherapeutic management, treatment strategies, herbal medicine, nanoparticles, social and economic burdens, and vaccine development. It also discusses the societal and health implications of the pandemic.

Keywords

COVID-19; pandemic; coronavirus; health; treatment; herbal medicine; nanoparticles; social impact; economic burden; vaccine

THE SUPPRESSION OF ARRHYTHMIAS BY ARTIFICIAL PACEMAKING

1964-11-01
E Sowton , Aubrey Leatham , Peter Carson

Isolation and characterization of an antimalarial agent of the neem tree Azadirachta indica

1989-09-01
Sami A. Khalid , H. Duddeck , Manuel González‐Sierra
The isolation and structure elucidation of gedunin [1], the antimalarial agent of Azadirachta indica, are reported. Its 1H- and 13C-nmr spectra were assigned by using one- and two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy, … The isolation and structure elucidation of gedunin [1], the antimalarial agent of Azadirachta indica, are reported. Its 1H- and 13C-nmr spectra were assigned by using one- and two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy, especially homonuclear and heteronuclear COSY, nOe difference, and COLOC experiments.

Molecular Basis of Complement Action

1971-06-01
Ralph E. Thorson , Herbert J. Rapp , Tibor Borsos

Relation between Intake of Flavonoids and Risk for Coronary Heart Disease in Male Health Professionals

1996-09-01
Eric B. Rimm
Flavonols and flavones are subgroups of flavonoids and are found in tea, vegetables, fruits, and red wine. Because they have antioxidant properties, we investigated whether intake of these dietary compounds … Flavonols and flavones are subgroups of flavonoids and are found in tea, vegetables, fruits, and red wine. Because they have antioxidant properties, we investigated whether intake of these dietary compounds is associated with a lower risk for fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease.Prospective cohort study.United States.34,789 male health professionals, 40 to 75 years of age, who responded to a questionnaire in 1986.In 1986 and 1990, detailed, 131-item questionnaires were used to assess dietary intake of flavonols and flavones.Between 1986 and 1992, 496 patients received a new diagnosis of nonfatal myocardial infarction. The relative risk for nonfatal myocardial infarction was 1.08 (95% Cl, 0.81 to 1.43) for the highest (median, 40.0 mg/d) compared with the lowest (median, 7.1 mg/d) quintiles for intake of flavonols and flavones after adjustment for age, obesity, smoking, intake of vitamin E, intake of alcohol, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and family history of coronary heart disease. Among the 4814 men who reported that they had previously had coronary heart disease, we found a modest but nonsignificant inverse association between intake of flavonols and flavones and subsequent coronary mortality rates (relative risk, 0.63 [Cl, 0.33 to 1.20] for the highest compared with the lowest quintile for intake of flavonoids).The data do not support a strong inverse association between intake of flavonoids and total coronary heart disease, but they do not exclude the possibility that flavonoids have a protective effect in men with established coronary heart disease.

Control of Communicable Diseases in Man.

1991-05-01
Abram S. Benenson

Substance use among secondary school students in an urban setting in Nigeria: prevalence and associated factors

2010-04-06
Odunola Oshodi , O F Aina , A T Onajole
Substance use continues to be major risk behaviour among youth, with consequent physical and/or mental health complications. The current study aimed to establish the prevalence and associated factors of substance … Substance use continues to be major risk behaviour among youth, with consequent physical and/or mental health complications. The current study aimed to establish the prevalence and associated factors of substance use among selected secondary school students in Lagos.This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study among selected secondary school students in Lagos. Permission was obtained from appropriate school authorities; as well as consent from each participant. The WHO Students' Drug Use Questionnaire which had been previously validated in the country was used to obtain the drug use information from the subjects. Analysis of the data was conducted using Epi-info version 5.A total of 402 students were studied - of whom 43.5% (n=175) were males and 56.5% (n=227) females. The mean age was 15.9 years. 83.1% (n=334) lived with their parents, 7.6% (n=31) with their relatives and 7.2% (n=29) with friends. The commonest substances used by the subjects were caffeine (kolanut and coffee), mild analgesics (paracetamol and aspirin) and the antimalarials, most especially chloroquine with lifetime use prevalence rates of 85.7%, 73.8% and 65.7% respectively. Generally, the prevalence rates for lifetime use of the substances varied from 3.8% (n=14) for Heroin and Cocaine to 85.7% (n=344) for psychostimulants; and for current use varying from 2% (n=8) to 56.5% (n=213). For the so called "gateway drugs": alcohol and tobacco, their lifetime use prevalence rates were 9.2% (n=34) and 5.2% (n=19) while the lifetime use prevalence rate for cannabis was 4.4% (n=16). In terms of gender, the prevalence rates for males were generally higher than for their female counterparts except for antibiotics, analgesics, heroin and cocaine. Reasons for using substances included relief from stress, 43.5% (n=175), self medication to treat illness, 23.8% (n=96), and to stay awake at night to study, 14.9% (n=60).Substance use was found to be prevalent among students in this study involving over-the-counter and socially acceptable substances as well as the abuse of illicit substances. It is advocated that there is a need to review existing health educational programmes.
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Specific Recruitment of Antigen-presenting Cells by Chemerin, a Novel Processed Ligand from Human Inflammatory Fluids

2003-10-06
Valérie Wittamer , Jean‐Denis Franssen , Marisa Vulcano +7 more
Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that play key roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. ChemR23 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor related to chemokine … Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that play key roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. ChemR23 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor related to chemokine receptors, which is expressed specifically in these cell types. Here we present the characterization of chemerin, a novel chemoattractant protein, which acts through ChemR23 and is abundant in a diverse set of human inflammatory fluids. Chemerin is secreted as a precursor of low biological activity, which upon proteolytic cleavage of its COOH-terminal domain, is converted into a potent and highly specific agonist of ChemR23, the chemerin receptor. Activation of chemerin receptor results in intracellular calcium release, inhibition of cAMP accumulation, and phosphorylation of p42-p44 MAP kinases, through the Gi class of heterotrimeric G proteins. Chemerin is structurally and evolutionary related to the cathelicidin precursors (antibacterial peptides), cystatins (cysteine protease inhibitors), and kininogens. Chemerin was shown to promote calcium mobilization and chemotaxis of immature DCs and macrophages in a ChemR23-dependent manner. Therefore, chemerin appears as a potent chemoattractant protein of a novel class, which requires proteolytic activation and is specific for APCs.
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Janeway’s Immunobiology

2012-12-22
Marsetyawan HNE Soesatyo
Buku teks imunologi sudah cukup banyak beredar di tanah air. Buku-buku tersebutmenguraikan tentang sistem dan mekanisme pertahanan tubuh dalam interaksinya denganlingkungan di luar tubuh yang penuh akan mikroba dan patogen … Buku teks imunologi sudah cukup banyak beredar di tanah air. Buku-buku tersebutmenguraikan tentang sistem dan mekanisme pertahanan tubuh dalam interaksinya denganlingkungan di luar tubuh yang penuh akan mikroba dan patogen penyebab infeksi.Pengetahuan imunologi tubuh manusia terus berkembang dengan cepat, luas, dan mendasar.Hal ini disebabkan karena dukungan pengetahuan lain yang terkait, baik aspek teoritismaupun teknik-teknik laboratoris canggih yang menyentuh aras selular dan molekular.Kemudian memunculkan temuan-temuan baru yang spektakuler, bahkan tidak jarangdengan bukti terbaru telah menggugurkan teori-teori lama. Setiap makluk hidup, khususnyamammalia termasuk manusia, sudah dilengkapi dengan sistem pertahanan tubuh sejak lahir,bahkan komponen-komponen penyusun dalam sistem imun tersebut sebagian sudah ada dandisiapkan sejak kehidupan intra-uterin. Imunitas seperti ini masuk dalam ranah ‘alamiah’atau ‘innate’, sementara imunitas tubuh yang terus berkembang mulai lahir sampai dewasadipengaruhi langsung oleh lingkungan sekelilingnya. Imunitas yang didapat ini termasukdalam ranah ‘adaptif’
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Research advances in alcohol and drug problems

1975-04-01
Jean Stephenson

Focus Group Discussion in Qualitative Research

2016-01-01
Lokanath Mishra
Qualitative research is a generic term for investigative methodologies described as ethnographic, naturalistic, anthropological, field, or participant observer research. There are many method of collection of data in the qualitative … Qualitative research is a generic term for investigative methodologies described as ethnographic, naturalistic, anthropological, field, or participant observer research. There are many method of collection of data in the qualitative research method amoungst them FGD is one. Focus Group is a type of in-depth interview accomplished in a group, whose meetings present characteristics defined with respect to the proposal, size, composition, and interview procedures. This paper highlights about the different aspects of FGD

Cytokines and their Role in Health and Disease: A Brief Overview

2016-10-19
Arunabha Ray
Cytokines are small, non-structural proteins with low molecular weights which have a complex regulatory influence on inflammation and immunity.It has long been considered that development of immune and inflammatory response … Cytokines are small, non-structural proteins with low molecular weights which have a complex regulatory influence on inflammation and immunity.It has long been considered that development of immune and inflammatory response involves hematopoietic cells, lymphoid cell, and various pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cells, and cytokines mediate the complex interactions of these cells.Cytokines are the intercellular messengers in the immune system where they integrate function of several cell types in various body compartments into a coherent immune response.They have evolved over the years and now include the interferons, the interleukins, the chemokine family, mesenchymal growth factors, the tumor necrosis factor family and adipokines.Earlier known as solub≤fac→rs lub≤ → , cytokines are produced by and elicit a response from every cell, with the lone exception of the red blood cell.In response to various stimulus cytokines are secreted from various cells including white blood cells.Pleiotropism is the hallmark of a cytokine and there are failures and successes of cytokines and related agents as therapeutic agents.In the membrane of target cells they have specific receptors for their signal transduction and regulatory functions.Beyond the innate and adaptive immunity, cytokines has a major role in many diverse functions including immune cell differentiation, inflammation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, neurobiology, viral pathogenesis etc.In addition to inflammation, immunity and infections, cytokines have now expanded their domain to atherosclerosis and cancer.Thus, cytokines may be useful biomarkers for health and disease and act as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic agents.This review will highlight the impact of cytokines in various physiological actions, pathophysiological states, therapeutics and the complex interactions between brain and immune cells.
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Emulsion Micro Emulsion and Nano Emulsion: A Review

2016-11-19
Santosh Nemichand Kale , S. L. Deore
Lipid dosage forms are attractive delivery systems for hydrophobic drug molecules. is one of the popular system since many decades. Pharmaceutical applications of emulsions widened especially after micro and nano-emulsion … Lipid dosage forms are attractive delivery systems for hydrophobic drug molecules. is one of the popular system since many decades. Pharmaceutical applications of emulsions widened especially after micro and nano-emulsion emergence. This paper is an attempt to summarise comparative aspects like definition, theories, types, methods of prepara-tions, advantages, disadvantages and methods of analysis of emulsion, micro-emulsion and nano-emulsion. How to Cite this Article Pubmed Style Santosh Nemichand Kale,Sharada Laxman Deore. Micro and Nano Emulsion: A Review. SRP. 2017; 8(1): 39-47. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.8 Web Style Santosh Nemichand Kale,Sharada Laxman Deore. Micro and Nano Emulsion: A Review. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=302644562 [Access: March 28, 2021]. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.8 AMA (American Medical Association) Style Santosh Nemichand Kale,Sharada Laxman Deore. Micro and Nano Emulsion: A Review. SRP. 2017; 8(1): 39-47. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.8 Vancouver/ICMJE Style Santosh Nemichand Kale,Sharada Laxman Deore. Micro and Nano Emulsion: A Review. SRP. (2017), [cited March 28, 2021]; 8(1): 39-47. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.8 Harvard Style Santosh Nemichand Kale,Sharada Laxman Deore (2017) Micro and Nano Emulsion: A Review. SRP, 8 (1), 39-47. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.8 Turabian Style Santosh Nemichand Kale,Sharada Laxman Deore. 2017. Micro and Nano Emulsion: A Reviews in Pharmacy, 8 (1), 39-47. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.8 Chicago Style Santosh Nemichand Kale,Sharada Laxman Deore. Emulsion Micro and Nano Emulsion: A Review. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 8 (2017), 39-47. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.8 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style Santosh Nemichand Kale,Sharada Laxman Deore. Emulsion Micro and Nano Emulsion: A Review. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 8.1 (2017), 39-47. Print. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.8 APA (American Psychological Association) Style Santosh Nemichand Kale,Sharada Laxman Deore (2017) Micro and Nano Emulsion: A Reviews in Pharmacy, 8 (1), 39-47. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.8

journal of Indian institute of science

2013-11-13
S. Priya

Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Herbs with Special Emphasis on Herbal Medicines for Countering Inflammatory Diseases and Disorders - A Review

2018-01-16
Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo , A. Gopalakrishnan , Archana Saxena +6 more
Diseases with inflammatory etiopathology have increased in incidence in recent times. Drugs used for therapeutic management of such inflammatory diseases are relieving the ailment but at the same time also … Diseases with inflammatory etiopathology have increased in incidence in recent times. Drugs used for therapeutic management of such inflammatory diseases are relieving the ailment but at the same time also countering serious life threatening consequences. Moreover, they are costly and rarely available at all places. In this context, research and development on medicinal herbs have opened a new era in the prophylactic and therapeutic management of inflammatory diseases.To highlight the importance of anti-inflammatory medicine-synthetic drugs and natural herbs, their constituents, mechanism of action, benefits, side effects and future prospects. The overall aim is to provide better health services to patients regardless of their background on equality basis.Anti-inflammatory herbs have proven beneficial by combating inflammatory responses that lead to severe abnormality in body systems. Inflammation though a protective response to infection or injury and may result in pathological outcome when aggravated or of severe degree thus needs an early intervention for proper resolution. Medicinal plants or their constituents are considered beneficial due to the properties i.e., satisfactory potency, ease of availability, cheapness, less or no side effects, safer and efficient as compared to the synthetic counterparts. These medicinal herbs contain phytoconstituents that can prevent undesirable inflammatory processes and also posses anti-inflammatory activity. Steroids, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, terpenoids, cannabinoids, fatty acids are common phytoconstituents present in these plants. Different mechanisms have been explored for the anti-inflammatory action of these active ingredients. They may synergize the anti-inflammatory pathway enzymes, factors, proteins or interfere with these in the inflammatory pathway like lipooxygenases, cyclooxygenases, tumor necrosis factors, interleukins, prostaglandin, nitric oxide, mitogenactivated protein, nuclear factor, etc. Considering all the above-mentioned factors, further research from molecular to cellular level will enable a better understanding of the mechanisms. Common antiinflammatory herbal plants are Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Rosmarinus officinalis, Borago officinalis, Urtica dioica, Uncaria tomentosa, Vaccinium myrtillus, Olea europaea and much more. They are believed to be without side effects unlike the chemical counterparts or synthetic anti-inflammatory agents e.g. steroids, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, and immunosuppresants used for controlling and suppressing inflammatory crisis. A proper phytochemical, pharmacological and physiological evaluation will enable their safe and effective use in inflammatory conditions. Many of these anti-inflammatory drugs and herbal preparations have been patented with some under consideration.Natural herbs are safe, effective and better options as anti-inflammatory agents than synthetic ones. The phytoconstituents are as effective with the comparable mechanism of action as synthetic molecules. Future research should focus on molecular mechanisms of different beneficial applications of these herbal plants in various diseases. Recent patents on anti-inflammatory drugs and herbal plants have been covered which provide insight into the current status and future prospects in this field.

A review on anti-inflammatory activity of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticle: Mechanism-based approach

2019-11-06
Happy Agarwal , Venkatkumar Shanmugam

COVID-19 Disease due to SARS-CoV-2 (Novel Coronavirus)

2020-01-31
W. Graham Carlos , Charles S. Dela Cruz , Bin Cao +2 more
"COVID-19 Disease due to SARS-CoV-2 (Novel Coronavirus)." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 201(4), pp. P7–P8 "COVID-19 Disease due to SARS-CoV-2 (Novel Coronavirus)." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 201(4), pp. P7–P8
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2019 Novel Coronavirus—Important Information for Clinicians

2020-02-05
Carlos del Rı́o , Preeti Malani
Clinical Characteristics of Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical Characteristics of Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Review of the Current Literature

2020-01-01
Ahmet Rıza Şahin
Coronaviruses (CoV) belong to the genus Coronavirus with its high mutation rate in the Coronaviridae. The objective of this review article was to have a preliminary opinion about the disease, … Coronaviruses (CoV) belong to the genus Coronavirus with its high mutation rate in the Coronaviridae. The objective of this review article was to have a preliminary opinion about the disease, the ways of treatment, and prevention in this early stage of COVID-19 outbreak.Keywords: COVID-19 , Coronaviruses, outbreak

Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics comparison with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.

2020-02-01
Sultan Ayoub Meo , Abdulrahman Mohammed Alhowikan , Thamir Al-khlaiwi +6 more
Human infections with zoonotic coronavirus contain emerging and reemerging pathogenic characteristics which have raised great public health concern. This study aimed at investigating the global prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics … Human infections with zoonotic coronavirus contain emerging and reemerging pathogenic characteristics which have raised great public health concern. This study aimed at investigating the global prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus, Wuhan China (2019-nCoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection outbreaks.The data on the global outbreak of "2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV" were obtained from World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), concerned ministries and research institutes. We also recorded the information from research documents published in global scientific journals indexed in ISI Web of Science and research centers on the prevalence, biological and clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV.Worldwide, SARS-CoV involved 32 countries, with 8422 confirmed cases and 916 (10.87%) casualties from November 2002 to August 2003. MERS-CoV spread over 27 states, causing 2496 cases and 868 (34.77%) fatalities during the period April 2012 to December 2019. However, the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV spread swiftly the global borders of 27 countries. It infected 34799 people and resulted in 724 (2.08%) casualties during the period December 29, 2019 to February 7, 2020. The fatality rate of coronavirus MERS-CoV was (34.77%) higher than SARS-CoV (10.87%) and 2019-nCoV (2.08%); however, the 2019-nCoV transmitted rapidly in comparison to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.The novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV has diverse epidemiological and biological characteristics, making it more contagious than SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. It has affected more people in a short time period compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, although the fatality rate of MERS-CoV was higher than SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV. The major clinical manifestations in coronavirus infections 2019-nCoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS CoV are fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, generalized myalgia, malaise, drowsy, diarrhea, confusion, dyspnea, and pneumonia. Global health authorities should take immediate measures to prevent the outbreaks of such emerging and reemerging pathogens across the globe to minimize the disease burden locally and globally.

Keep up with the latest coronavirus research

2020-03-10
Qingyu Chen , Alexis Allot , Zhiyong Lu
Disaster research: feedback to societyIn our experience, the recovery of disaster zones can be improved by providing research feedback to affected communities (see J. C. Disaster research: feedback to societyIn our experience, the recovery of disaster zones can be improved by providing research feedback to affected communities (see J. C.
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Corona Virus: A Review of COVID-19

2020-01-01
Dharmendra Kumar
Corona virus causes respiratory infection including pneumonia, cold, sneezing and coughing while in animal it causes diarrhea and upper respiratory diseases. Corona virus transmitted human to human or human to … Corona virus causes respiratory infection including pneumonia, cold, sneezing and coughing while in animal it causes diarrhea and upper respiratory diseases. Corona virus transmitted human to human or human to animal via airborne droplets. Corona virus enters in human cell through membrane ACE-2 exopeptidase receptor. WHO and ECDC advised to avoid public place and close contact to infected persons and pet animals. Firstly Corona virus (2019-nCoV) was isolated from Wuhan market China at 7 Jan. 2020. Keywords: Corona virus, COVID-19, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, Wuhan

COVID-19: a fast evolving pandemic

2020-03-19
Jimmy Whitworth
the WHO office in China received a report of 29 pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology in Wuhan city in Hubei province, central China.Within one week it became clear that the … the WHO office in China received a report of 29 pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology in Wuhan city in Hubei province, central China.Within one week it became clear that the initial cases were associated with a seafood market where live poultry and wild animals were also sold.The virus was quickly identified as a novel beta-coronavirus and the genetic sequence was shared on 12 th January.The infection is now officially termed COVID-19 and the virus SARS-CoV2.News of this outbreak gave many public health officials an involuntary shudder as they recalled the parallels with the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) outbreak which arose in China in November 2002.That outbreak was also caused by a novel coronavirus spilling over from an animal reservoir and transmitted by respiratory droplets.SARS spread to many parts of the world through international air travel, caused over 8000 cases and 774 deaths, and cost in the region of $20 billion to control.Within less than a month COVID-19 had spread throughout China, and to neighbouring countries, even to the USA and Europe.It became clear that the new virus was highly transmissable from person to person, but was considerably less virulent, with less than 20% of cases being classified as severe.It has the clinical features of an atypical pneumonia with fever, dry cough, fatigue, dyspnoea and myalgia, and is more often severe in those with co-morbidities and the elderly.Since there are no specific therapies or vaccines available, standard public health measures appropriate for a virus spread by droplet, close contact and on environmental surfaces were instituted.The Chinese authorities conducted active case finding and testing, contact tracing and quarantining of cases and contacts.The public was advised to stay at home if sick in an effort to control the spread of the virus.On 30 th January WHO declared the outbreak a Public health Emergency of International Concern, their highest level of severity, at a time when there were almost 10 000 confirmed cases, over 200 deaths, and it had spread to 20 countries.
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In silico screening of natural compounds against COVID-19 by targeting Mpro and ACE2 using molecular docking

2020-04-01
Tushar Joshi , Tanuja Joshi , Priyanka Sharma +4 more
OBJECTIVE: Currently, Coronavirus COVID-19 is spreading worldwide very rapidly and its control is very difficult because there is no effective vaccine or drugs available in markets. This virus can infect … OBJECTIVE: Currently, Coronavirus COVID-19 is spreading worldwide very rapidly and its control is very difficult because there is no effective vaccine or drugs available in markets. This virus can infect both animals and people and cause illnesses of the respiratory tract. WHO has declared Coronavirus as pandemic and the whole world is fighting against Coronavirus. Globally, more than 199,478 people have been diagnosed with COVID-19. As of March 18, 2020, more than 167 countries have been affected and more than 8000 deaths have been reported. The main country being affected is China followed by Italy, Iran, Spain, France, and the USA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since there are no effective drugs available against Coronavirus, we conducted virtual screening of phytochemicals to find novel compounds against this virus. Hence, we created a phytochemical library of 318 phytochemicals from 11 plants which have been reported as antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activity. The phytochemical library was subjected to virtual screening against molecular targets; Main protease (Mpro) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). RESULTS: Top 10 compounds were selected from each target which had better and significantly low binding energy as compared to the reference molecule. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the binding energy score, we suggest that these compounds can be tested against Coronavirus and used to develop effective antiviral drugs.

Potential inhibitors of coronavirus 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL<sup>pro</sup>): an<i>in silico</i>screening of alkaloids and terpenoids from African medicinal plants

2020-05-05
Gideon Ampoma Gyebi , Olalekan Bukunmi Ogunro , Adegbenro P. Adegunloye +2 more
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-COV-2 has raised myriad of global concerns. There is currently no FDA approved antiviral strategy to alleviate the disease burden. The conserved … The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-COV-2 has raised myriad of global concerns. There is currently no FDA approved antiviral strategy to alleviate the disease burden. The conserved 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), which controls coronavirus replication is a promising drug target for combating the coronavirus infection. This study screens some African plants derived alkaloids and terpenoids as potential inhibitors of coronavirus 3CLpro using in silico approach. Bioactive alkaloids (62) and terpenoids (100) of plants native to Africa were docked to the 3CLpro of the novel SARS-CoV-2. The top twenty alkaloids and terpenoids with high binding affinities to the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro were further docked to the 3CLpro of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The docking scores were compared with 3CLpro-referenced inhibitors (Lopinavir and Ritonavir). The top docked compounds were further subjected to ADEM/Tox and Lipinski filtering analyses for drug-likeness prediction analysis. This ligand-protein interaction study revealed that more than half of the top twenty alkaloids and terpenoids interacted favourably with the coronaviruses 3CLpro, and had binding affinities that surpassed that of lopinavir and ritonavir. Also, a highly defined hit-list of seven compounds (10-Hydroxyusambarensine, Cryptoquindoline, 6-Oxoisoiguesterin, 22-Hydroxyhopan-3-one, Cryptospirolepine, Isoiguesterin and 20-Epibryonolic acid) were identified. Furthermore, four non-toxic, druggable plant derived alkaloids (10-Hydroxyusambarensine, and Cryptoquindoline) and terpenoids (6-Oxoisoiguesterin and 22-Hydroxyhopan-3-one), that bind to the receptor-binding site and catalytic dyad of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro were identified from the predictive ADME/tox and Lipinski filter analysis. However, further experimental analyses are required for developing these possible leads into natural anti-COVID-19 therapeutic agents for combating the pandemic.
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Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

2020-05-01
Cheryl A. Glass , Jill C. Cash , Jenny Mullen

Naringenin, a flavanone with antiviral and anti‐inflammatory effects: A promising treatment strategy against <scp>COVID</scp>‐19

2020-07-02
Helda Tutunchi , Fatemeh Naeini , Alireza Ostadrahimi +1 more
At the end of 2019, a novel flu‐like coronavirus named COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019) was recognized by World Health Organization. No specific treatments exist for COVID‐19 at this time. New … At the end of 2019, a novel flu‐like coronavirus named COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019) was recognized by World Health Organization. No specific treatments exist for COVID‐19 at this time. New evidence suggests that therapeutic options focusing on antiviral agents may alleviate COVID‐19 symptoms as well as those that lead to the decrease in the inflammatory responses. Flavonoids, as phenolic compounds, have attracted considerable attention due to their various biological properties. In this review, the promising effects and possible mechanisms of action of naringenin, a citrus‐derived flavonoid, against COVID‐19 were discussed. We searched PubMed/Medline, Science direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases up to March 2020 using the definitive keywords. The evidence reviewed here indicates that naringenin might exert therapeutic effects against COVID‐19 through the inhibition of COVID‐19 main protease, 3‐chymotrypsin ‐ like protease (3CLpro), and reduction of angiotensin converting enzyme receptors activity. One of the other mechanisms by which naringenin might exert therapeutic effects against COVID‐19 is, at least partly, by attenuating inflammatory responses. The antiviral activity of the flavanone naringenin against some viruses has also been reported. On the whole, the favorable effects of naringenin lead to a conclusion that naringenin may be a promising treatment strategy against COVID‐19.
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Medicinal Plants as Sources of Active Molecules Against COVID-19

2020-08-07
Bachir Benarba , Atanasio Pandiella
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has been declared world pandemic causing a worrisome number of deaths, especially among vulnerable citizens, in 209 … The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has been declared world pandemic causing a worrisome number of deaths, especially among vulnerable citizens, in 209 countries around the world. Although several therapeutic molecules are being tested, no effective vaccines or specific treatments have been developed. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, different traditional herbal medicines with promising results have been used alone or in combination with conventional drugs to treat infected patients. Here, we review the recent findings regarding the use of natural products to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, the mechanisms responsible for this preventive or therapeutic effect are discussed. We conducted literature research using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and WHO website. Dissertations and theses were not considered. Only the situation reports edited by the WHO were included. The different herbal products (extracts) and purified molecules may exert their anti-SARS-CoV-2 actions by direct inhibition of the virus replication or entry. Interestingly, some products may block the ACE-2 receptor or the serine protease TMPRRS2 required by SARS-CoV-2 to infect human cells. In addition, natural products were shown to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 life-cycle related proteins such as papain-like or chymotrypsin-like proteases. In conclusion, we suggest that natural products could be used alone or in combination as alternative medicines to treat/prevent COVID-19 infection. Moreover, their structures may offer clues for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19)

2022-12-30

Quantitative Research: A Successful Investigation in Natural and Social Sciences

2020-12-31
Haradhan Mohajan
Research is the framework used for the planning, implementation, and analysis of a study. The proper choice of a suitable research methodology can provide an effective and successful original research. … Research is the framework used for the planning, implementation, and analysis of a study. The proper choice of a suitable research methodology can provide an effective and successful original research. A researcher can reach his/her expected goal by following any kind of research methodology. Quantitative research methodology is preferred by many researchers. This article presents and analyzes the design of quantitative research. It also discusses the proper use and the components of quantitative research methodology. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables and generalize results from a larger sample population by the way of generating numerical data. The purpose of this study is to provide some important fundamental concepts of quantitative research to the common readers for the development of their future projects, articles and/or theses. An attempt has been taken here to study the aspects of the quantitative research methodology in some detail.
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A Bibliometric Analysis of Covid-19 Research using VOSviewer

2020-09-01
Ida Hamidah , Sriyono Sriyono , Muhammad Nur Hudha
The new Coronavirus (namely Covid-19) discovered in 2019 in Wuhan has sickened more than three million people in worldwide. Because Covid-19 is spreading so fast and killing so many people, … The new Coronavirus (namely Covid-19) discovered in 2019 in Wuhan has sickened more than three million people in worldwide. Because Covid-19 is spreading so fast and killing so many people, it has encouraged researchers to conduct research and publish it in various mass media, including journals. This study aims to analyze the scope of Covid-19 research using a bibliometric review. To obtain information about Covid-19 studies, the Scopus database was used. Topic areas with titles, keywords, and abstract criteria in Covid-19 studies were used as a reference for extracting search results. Search result extraction was done using VOSviewer. After that, the results of bibliometric mapping were analyzed further. A total of 3,513 articles were found in the Scopus database accessed on April 25, 2020. There was a significant increase in the number of publications on Covid-19 from 2019 to 2020. Among all countries, China contributed the most publications. Meanwhile, the keywords coronavirus, pandemic, and impact turned out to be the area's most widely discussed. Through VOSViewer we analyzed how many articles have been published about Covid-19 and its relationships to a topic area. This review certainly can provide a reference point for further research related to the Covid-19 outbreak.

Journal of Pharmacy Research

2020-03-09
Publisher Jpr Solutions
The journals focus on providing ways to bring together different aspects of Pharmacy viz. Pharmaceutics (Drug Delivery, Drug Dispensing, Drug Manufacturing and Packaging, Drug Metabolism / Disposition], Pharmacognosy [Herbal drug … The journals focus on providing ways to bring together different aspects of Pharmacy viz. Pharmaceutics (Drug Delivery, Drug Dispensing, Drug Manufacturing and Packaging, Drug Metabolism / Disposition], Pharmacognosy [Herbal drug study, Pharmacognostic study of plants, Standardization, Isolation of lead compound or compounds from plants, toxic plants, Phytochemical screening of plants], Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Hospital Pharmacy, Herbal drug QC, Pharmaceutical chemistry – drug design, synthetic and natural, QSAR, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Quality Control, Marine drugs study, Pharmaceutical Technology improvement, Pharmacoeconomics, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Pharmacoepidemiology, Pharmacy Teaching related improvement, also other resources (Periodontics ) and explore them further. Â

Get vaccinated when it is your turn and follow the local guidelines

2021-12-29
I Wayan Suryasa , María Rodríguez Gámez , Tihnov Koldoris
The nurse has an important role caring for the patient infected with the coronavirus disease (COVID- 19). It is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The virus can … The nurse has an important role caring for the patient infected with the coronavirus disease (COVID- 19). It is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The virus can spread from the mouth or nose of an infected person in small liquid particles when they cough, sneeze, speak, sing, or breathe. These particles range from larger respiratory droplets to smaller aerosols. It is important to practice respiratory etiquette, for example coughing into a flexed elbow, and to stay home and self-isolate until you recover if you feel unwell. Most people infected with the virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and will recover without requiring special treatment. Older people and people with underlying medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, or cancer are more likely to develop serious illnesses. The goal of the research is to propose the best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the disease and how the virus spreads. Protect yourself and others from infection by staying at least 1 meter away from others, wearing a well-fitting mask, and washing your hands or using an alcohol-based rub frequently.
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WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard

2020-11-03
World Health Organization Coronavirus disease situation dashboard presents official daily counts of COVID-19 cases and deaths worldwide, along with vaccination rates and other vaccination data, while providing a hub to … World Health Organization Coronavirus disease situation dashboard presents official daily counts of COVID-19 cases and deaths worldwide, along with vaccination rates and other vaccination data, while providing a hub to other resources. Interactive tools, including maps, epidemic curves and other charts and graphics, with downloadable data, allow users to track and explore the latest trends, numbers and statistics at global, regional and country levels.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19)

2020-11-01

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2022-01-01
Awni farhan Ismael Alani

Coronavirus Disease - COVID-19

2021-01-01
Nima Rezaei

INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH.

1931-12-01

Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Human Activated Protein C for Severe Sepsis

2002-02-01
NULL AUTHOR_ID

Severe falciparum malaria. World Health Organization, Communicable Diseases Cluster.

2000-04-01

COVID-19: Make it the Last Pandemic

2021-06-17
Editors
- -
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PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

1944-01-01
Mark Clement , Milosh Sekulich

Identification of needs of patients with multiple myeloma: a questionnaire-based study in Israeli patients

2025-06-24
Ilana Levy Yurkovski , Shira Ben-Dov , Varda Shoam +2 more | Acta Haematologica
Multiple myeloma is an incurable chronic malignant disease. The disease itself and its treatment impair quality-of-life (QoL), yet there is no data regarding the biopsychosocial needs of patients in the … Multiple myeloma is an incurable chronic malignant disease. The disease itself and its treatment impair quality-of-life (QoL), yet there is no data regarding the biopsychosocial needs of patients in the era of new treatments. In the current study, we aimed to identify the biopsychosocial needs of patients with multiple myeloma. This is a descriptive study on patients with multiple myeloma in Israel in 2024. The information was based on a questionnaire examining physical, psychological and social needs filled out by myeloma patients. We analyzed the main impairments of QoL and what affected them, the main supporter in dealing with the disease, psychosocial needs reported by the patients and the difficulties in dealing with such difficulties. The main symptom reported by multiple myeloma patients was fatigue. The number of treatment lines worsened QoL (Unstandardized coefficient: 0.987, 95% CI: 0.284; 1.691, p=0.006). The patient's partner mostly helped in dealing with the disease (72.7%). The most desired type of support was assistance in accessing rights (median 5, IQR 3-5), however one third did not use the support services offered to them. 48% of the patients talked to their doctor about the struggle and the accompanying difficulties. Myeloma patients report various impairments in the biopsychosocial components of QoL. Although supportive services are offered, adjustments must be made to optimally meet patients' needs. Further studies should test the effectiveness of different interventions on the biopsychosocial components of the QoL of these patients in the era of new drugs.

Factors Contributing to Substance Abuse among Kaimosi Friends University Students, Vihiga Kenya

2025-06-23
Anne Okanga , Joseph Musungu , Lilian Amugitsi | International Journal of Psychology
Purpose: Substance abuse among university students is a global public health concern, largely due to their vulnerability during the transition to independence, with serious implications for personal growth and national … Purpose: Substance abuse among university students is a global public health concern, largely due to their vulnerability during the transition to independence, with serious implications for personal growth and national development. The goal of the study was to investigate the contributing factors to substance abuse among students at Kaimosi Friends University (KAFU). Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used where a total of 350 undergraduate students were selected through stratified random sampling, and data were collected in May 2025 using a structured questionnaire adapted from NACADA. Analysis was conducted thematically and using SPSS version 25. Ethical approval was obtained from MMUST, and confidentiality and informed consent were upheld. Findings: The study revealed that social media was the main source of information on substance abuse. A significant portion of students (65%) frequently experienced stress or anxiety, with 50% using substances as a coping mechanism. Academic pressure, perceived unfair grading, and personal issues were major stressors. Peer influence was notable, with 55% having friends who used drugs and 45.1% reporting peer encouragement to try substances, although some emphasized personal choice. Easy access to substances (60%) and media glorification of drug use (50%) were also reported. Family influences played a role, with 55.1% citing substance use by fathers or brothers and others noting emotional neglect and family challenges. The study concluded that substance abuse at KAFU is driven by a complex set of interconnected factors. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: It recommends strengthening mental health services, promoting peer education, advocating for family engagement, controlling substance availability, and creating a supportive academic environment to mitigate the issue.

Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Iraq: A Narrative Review

2025-06-23
Nawfal R Hussein , Halder J Abozait , Ibrahim A Naqid +1 more | Journal of Life and Bio Sciences Research
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium, causes a range of infections, including those affecting the skin and soft tissues, pneumonia, and sepsis. Its significance lies in its capacity to develop resistance … Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium, causes a range of infections, including those affecting the skin and soft tissues, pneumonia, and sepsis. Its significance lies in its capacity to develop resistance to numerous antibiotic classes. In Iraq, infections caused by Pseudomonas are prevalent, especially within healthcare settings. Studies indicate a concerning level of antibiotic resistance in this microorganism. Information regarding the genetic basis of this resistance is limited in Iraq, with existing research typically involving small sample sizes. The growing resistance to ?-lactams in Iraq is a serious concern, especially the extended-spectrum ?-lactamases (ESBLs). Metallo-?-lactamases (MBLs) such as VIM and NDM are causing a rise in the resistance to carbapenems. The limited data about the resistance patterns to quinolones and aminoglycosides is another barrier. The high prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa combined with limited data on its resistance pathways in Iraq highlights the need for continued surveillance, stronger infection control measures, and the development of more targeted treatment options to address this challenging pathogen.

Literature Review: The Relationship Between Malaria Infection And The Incidence Of Anemia

2025-06-22
Adinda Pradana Putri , Syamsu Rijal , Windy Nurul Aisyah | The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are a primary cause of anemia. This review aims to analyze the correlation between Plasmodium species and the incidence of … Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are a primary cause of anemia. This review aims to analyze the correlation between Plasmodium species and the incidence of anemia through a literature review of studies conducted in Indonesia over the past five years. The results indicate that although both P. falciparum and P. vivax can cause anemia, a significant relationship between the Plasmodium species and the severity of anemia is not consistently found. This review emphasizes the importance of early monitoring of malaria infection to prevent hematological complications.

A Review on Latest Development in Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis

2025-06-21
Shubham Pandey | International Journal of Pathogen Research
Tuberculosis (TB), a sickness brought about by the microorganisms Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is as yet liable for the upgrade of death rate worldwide every year than some other irresistible infection, … Tuberculosis (TB), a sickness brought about by the microorganisms Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is as yet liable for the upgrade of death rate worldwide every year than some other irresistible infection, including human immunodeficiency infection (HIV) despite accessibility of successful therapy that has existed for more than a long time since the 1940s. Although genuinely significant advances that would alter tuberculosis (TB) conclusion and treatment have not been acknowledged, we are starting to see the advancements that have been incited by the acknowledgment of the monetary capability of the market for new indicative tests and medicines for TB and impressively expanded public and private financing. Regardless of the colossal worldwide weight of TB and the general low paces of case discovery around the world, ordinary ways to deal with analysis have, as of not long ago, depended on tests that have significant impediments. In this review of advances in diagnosis and treatment, we focused around qualities and constraints of more up to date tests that are accessible for the conclusion of dormant and dynamic tuberculosis and fast recognition of medication opposition, explicitly, tests that measure dischargeof IFN-in light of incitement by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens, nucleic corrosive enhancement for recognizable proof of M. tuberculosis complex, and quick tests for identifying drug obstruction. Standard regimens for treating TB have not changed for in excess of 30 yr. what's more, actually require at least 6 months to have a high probability of enduring fix. In this article, we center on significant changes in the theory of treatment, underlining the duty of the supplier to guarantee effective fulfillment of treatment, and on the functions of existing cause of TB specialists and more up to date medications, for example, hifalutin, rifapentine, and fluoroquinolones.

Satisfaction with Pharmacy Services among Patients Visiting Community Pharmacies at Anuradhapura Municipality Area in Sri Lanka

2025-06-20
Jayaweerage Sasika Dulanja Rajapaksha , Kowsika Kulasingam , Mohammed Lareef Fathima Ibatha +1 more | Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice

Study on the anti-inflammatory and in vivo antioxidant effects of crude leaf extract and fractions of Ipomoea involucrata in Albino Wistar Rats

2025-06-20
Amara Naomi Ulasi , Emmanuel Emeka Ilodigwe , Chidiebere E. Ugwu +2 more | International Journal of Science and Research Archive
Traditional African herbalist uses Ipomoea involucrata to treat fever, gonorrhea, and asthma among other diseases. An animal model has not been used to compare its crude leaf extract and fractions … Traditional African herbalist uses Ipomoea involucrata to treat fever, gonorrhea, and asthma among other diseases. An animal model has not been used to compare its crude leaf extract and fractions on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The study aims to assess the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of crude leaf extracts and fractions of Ipomoea involucrata using albino Wistar rats. Phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. Crude extract and fractions of were tested for anti-inflammatory activity against Carrageenan-induced edema in Wistar rats weighing 160-180 g. The rats were separated into 13 groups (n=5) that received low (250 mg/kg) and high (500 mg/kg) doses of crude and fractions of the extracts. Data was analyzed with one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc turkey’s test. Results were presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of sample replicates. P&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. The crude extract and the fractions exhibited significant (p&lt;0.05) potent anti-inflammatory activity, with the ethyl acetate fraction at 500 mg/kg producing the highest percentage (90.94%) reduction in paw edema induced by carrageenan. In the antioxidant biochemical assay, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and ethanol extracts elicited significant (P&lt;0.05) increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels. However, there was a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) better than the other extracts, as well as the control group. Our findings provided additional evidence to support the traditional use of Ipomoea involucrata for the treatment of inflammation. Moreover, the study unveils its antioxidant properties and healing effects.

Phytochemical Screening and Cytotoxic Potential of Lantana camara Leaf Extract against MCF-7 Cells: A Cell Morphology and MTT Assay Approach

2025-06-20
Vishwanadham Yerragunta , M. Omkar Balanarsimha , B. Madhavilatha +4 more | Journal of Neonatal Surgery
Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of Lantana camara leaf extract against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells using the MTT assay and morphological analysis. Methods: Dried … Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of Lantana camara leaf extract against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells using the MTT assay and morphological analysis. Methods: Dried leaves of Lantana camara were extracted using acetone in a Soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical Screening: The crude extract was screened for secondary metabolites, which confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids. Cell Culture and Treatment: MCF-7 cells were cultured in a 96-well plate and treated with various concentrations (50, 100, and 250 μg/mL) of the extract after 12 hours of incubation. Cytotoxicity Evaluation: Cell morphology was observed microscopically, and MTT assay was performed at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-treatment to assess cytotoxicity. Results: The extract exhibited time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects. Significant morphological alterations were observed at 250 μg/mL. The IC₅₀ values were determined to be 153.54 ± 0.85 μg/mL (24 h), 147.16 ± 1.13 μg/mL (48 h), and 141.98 ± 1.15 μg/mL (72 h), suggesting progressive cytotoxicity with extended exposure. Conclusion: The findings support the potential anticancer activity of Lantana camara, likely due to its rich phytochemical content. Further studies are recommended to isolate active compounds and validate their efficacy in vivo

A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Interpretation of Selected Cardiac Abnormalities in Electrocardiograph among Staff Nurses in Selected Hospitals with a View to Provide Information Booklet

2025-06-19
Shweta Sham Bhagwat , Milind Manohar Kale , Pooja Vishwas Ambre | International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

A descriptive study to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) among adolescent girls in selected Institutes of Bangalore with a view to provide an educational pamphlet.

2025-06-19
Ang Tshering Sherpa | International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens, male sex hormones that are usually present in women in small amounts. PCOS … Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens, male sex hormones that are usually present in women in small amounts. PCOS a significant public health problem and is one of the commonest hormonal disturbances affecting women of reproductive age. The condition affects an estimated 8–13% of women of reproductive age, and up to 70% of cases are undiagnosed.

Impact of eating habits in adolescent obesity-A case control study

2025-06-19
NK Tejaswini , Reena Kulkarni , Raghavendra Rao | Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic medicine.
INTRODUCTION: Obesity refers to increased adiposity in the body. Obesity in children gained the status of epidemics in recent years. It is an issue of concern even in developing countries … INTRODUCTION: Obesity refers to increased adiposity in the body. Obesity in children gained the status of epidemics in recent years. It is an issue of concern even in developing countries like India owing to swift economic transition, lifestyle changes and globalization of food. Obesity children and adolescents may persist in later life and can be mapped to childhood onset metabolic syndromes and non-communicable disorders. This study aimed at assessing impact of eating habits in adolescents on obesity. Thus, early identification of obesity in children and interventions can pave way for healthier community. Methods: A case control study was conducted in 111 obese and 488 non-obese adolescent high school children aged between 14 to 17 years. Body mass index (BMI) was used assess and children with BMI &gt;30 were considered as obese (WHO). The data was collected using a structured case report form (CRF) incorporating food frequency index and the data set was analyzed using MS office Excel and SPSS soft ware version 20. Results: Prevalence of obesity was 18.5% in high school children. The prevalence was more in higher grade students, upper middle class and females were more affected. Butter was major dietary risk factor. Higher intake of calorie dense, fatty, sugar foods like laddu (p ≈ 0.019), jalebi (p ≈ 0.011), and kajukatli (p ≈ 0.013) and Ice cream (p ≈ 0.00003) was associated with obesity. Conclusion: obesity prevalence alarmingly increased. There is an urgent need to educate parents and children dietary habits and impact of adolescent obesity on health through intensive community health campaigns through all effective media with an emphasis on preventive strategies. Key words: adolescent, BMI, food frequency index, obesity, school children

A Pre-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching on Knowledge regarding Prevention of Cervical Cancer among Adolescent Girls in Selected College

2025-06-19
Rashmi Raju Gulghane , Arti Wasnik | International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PUTATIVE DRUG TARGET IN DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS USING SUBTRACTIVE GENOMICS APPROACH

2025-06-18
M. Das , Keka Sarkar | Science and Culture

The Striking Effects of Substance Abuse on the Socio-Cultural Life in Darjeeling Hills

2025-06-17
Anmol Lama | International Journal of Research and Review
Social and cultural groups utilize alcohol and narcotics, ranging from recreational to spiritual, medicinal to ritual. There are many factors linked with drug addiction, such as family, environment, finances, etc., … Social and cultural groups utilize alcohol and narcotics, ranging from recreational to spiritual, medicinal to ritual. There are many factors linked with drug addiction, such as family, environment, finances, etc., and social and cultural aspects are also among those factors. However, the substance that individuals consume for the sake of culture may cause addiction, harming a person's health and social life. The data for this qualitative study was collected using a Case study Guide as a tool and a Case study as a technique, using in-depth interviews to study the social and cultural factors related to drug addiction, such as cultural beliefs, consequences, cultural immigration, etc Primary and secondary sources were used to gather the data. The study's primary respondents were ten substance users and 20 non-substance users of different age groups. According to the results, people who use drugs and those who do not share a common social and cultural belief about drugs and addiction. Regular users and those who have never tried it tend to agree that drugs are significantly more dangerous than alcohol. Another factor contributing to youth addictions is a lack of parental supervision and encouragement. There was a generational divide on whether or not immigrants from other countries carry their drug usage patterns with them. While the older generation did not find any connection between drug use and immigration, the younger generation saw it as a direct result of the widespread availability of drugs. Keywords: social, cultural factors, drug addicts, drug addiction

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Complications of Instrumental Delivery and Their Management Among Staff Nurses Working in Maternity Units of Selected Hospitals at Bagalkot

2025-06-17
Ravindra Nimbargi , Sureshgouda S Patil , Utalbasha N Dhandargi | International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

PERBANDINGAN PENGGUNAAN ANTIKOAGULAN EDTA KONVENSIONAL (Na2EDTA 10%) DAN EDTA VACUTAINER (K3EDTA) TERHADAP HASIL PEMERIKSAAN KADAR HEMATOKRIT DENGAN ALAT HEMATOLOGY ANALYZER

2025-06-17
Mufidatus Sholichah , Edy Haryanto , Christ Kartika Rahayuningsih | Analis Kesehatan Sains
Hematokrit merupakan persentase volume sel eritrosit terhadap keseluruhan dari volume darah utuh yang dinyatakan dalam persen (%). Dalam proses pemeriksaan hematokrit sangat perlu diperhatikan mengenai penambahan antikoagulan sebagai pencegah terjadinya … Hematokrit merupakan persentase volume sel eritrosit terhadap keseluruhan dari volume darah utuh yang dinyatakan dalam persen (%). Dalam proses pemeriksaan hematokrit sangat perlu diperhatikan mengenai penambahan antikoagulan sebagai pencegah terjadinya pembekuan darah. Antikoagulan yang sering ditambahkan dalam pemeriksaan hematokrit adalah antikoagulan EDTA dalam bentuk kering atau larutan 10% (Na2EDTA) dan juga tersedia dalam tabung vacutainer (K3EDTA). Takaran 1 mg atau 10 μL antikoagulan, dapat mencegah terjadinya pembekuan 1mL darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidak nya perbedaan pada penggunaan antikoagulan EDTA konvensional (Na2EDTA 10%) dan EDTA vacutainer (K3EDTA) terhadap kadar hematokrit pada 30 mahasiswa Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya Tahun 2024 dengan alat hematology analyzer. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian komparatif dengan metode cross sectional dan pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu data primer. Penelitian ini terlaksana di bulan November sampai Mei 2024 di Laboratorium Hematologi Jurusan Teknologi Laboratorium Medis Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya. Hasil pemeriksaan kadar hematokrit dengan antikoagulan Na2EDTA 10% didapatkan rata-rata nilai 40,0967 %, sedangkan kadar hematokrit dengan antikoagulan K3EDTA didapatkan rata-rata nilai 39,9167 %. Hasil pemeriksaan kadar hematokrit berdasarkan uji Paired Sample T-Test didapatkan nilai sign(2tailed) sebesar 0,120 yang artinya nilai sign &gt; 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada kadar hematorkit dengan menggunakan antikoagulan Na2EDTA 10% dan antikoagulan K3EDTA.

Synthesis of Chitosan from Calappa pustulosa Shell for the Removal of Heavy Metals in Borehole Water in some Selected Basic Schools in Effia-Kwesimintsim Metropolis in the Western Region of Ghana

2025-06-17
James Atta Dadson , Aba Atta-Eyeson , Elvis Monfung Ayim +2 more | International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research
The heavy metal contamination of borehole water in basic schools is a serious environmental problem in the Effia Kwesimintin Metropolis, Sekondi-Takoradi in the Western Region of Ghana. This research looked … The heavy metal contamination of borehole water in basic schools is a serious environmental problem in the Effia Kwesimintin Metropolis, Sekondi-Takoradi in the Western Region of Ghana. This research looked at how well synthetic chitosan worked as an adsorbent to remove heavy metals from borehole water in a sample of elementary schools. With maximum adsorption capacities of 93.5, 87.5, and 67.5% for lead, cadmium and arsenic respectively, the findings showed that chitosan had a high adsorption capacity for these metals. The adsorption data were well-fitted to the linear Langmuir isotherm model indicating monolayer adsorption, with maximum monolayer coverage (Qmax) of the synthesized chitosan, the Langmuir constant (KL), the Langmuir separation factor (RL) and R2 values were found to be 59.3356mg/g, 0.01931/mg, (35.3E-03 – 771.0E-03) and (0.9945-0.9973) respectively. The study demonstrates the potential of synthesized chitosan as a low-cost and sustainable adsorbent for the remediation of heavy metals from borehole water in some selected basic schools

Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Activity of Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea) an Underexploited Fruit of Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, India

2025-06-16
Arivazhagan Suganya , C. A. Kalpana | Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal
Background: Cervical cancer of the uterus is a vital global health concern affecting women over the age of 25 years. The focus of the research was to assess the anticancer … Background: Cervical cancer of the uterus is a vital global health concern affecting women over the age of 25 years. The focus of the research was to assess the anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties of Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea). Methods: Tamarillo fruit was ultrasonicated and the biologically active synthesis comprises of whole phenolic content, complete total flavonoids, total glycosides and combined carotenoids were quantified by UV-Spectrophotometer. Protease inhibition and protein denaturation inhibition were used to test the anti-inflammatory efficacy. MTT assay was employed to compare the anticancer effects of tamarillo, additionally flow cytometer was performed to find out the percentage of cell population, cell death and ROS. Result: Tamarillo exhibited the highest inhibition at a concentration of 40-50 µl. The whole phenolic content was 95 mg/100 g, total flavonoids was 21 mg/g DW, glycosides were 10.6 mg Q/g DW and carotenoids were 96 mg βCE/g. The percent inhibition of protease and protein denaturation assay of tamarillo extracts of 10-50 µg/ml ranged from (15-64.7%) and (18.5-77%) respectively. The anticancer activity of tamarillo fruit was evaluated for human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) which revealed IC50 of 39.04, 31.52 and 29.29, with corresponding cytotoxicity values of 56.11, 70.23 and 70.71 at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Flow cytometry revealed about 90% of cells in the G1-Mitotic phase, which indicate cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis effects. Elevated ROS levels in treated cells highlighted increasing oxidative stress, inhibiting cell proliferation. In conclusion, tamarillo fruit extracts show varying anti-inflammatory effects and anticancer activity due to differences in bioactive compounds.

The Research Experience: A Study of Challenges Faced by M. Phil/MS Scholars at the Universities of Islamabad, Pakistan

2025-06-16
| Journal of Development and Social Sciences

Young Health Professional’s Perception of Training and Capacity Building for Improved Utilisation of Phytomedicinal Antimalarial: A Cross-sectional Survey

2025-06-16
Aboh MI , Oparaugo IP , Uzuh NR +1 more | Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research
Aims: To assess the perceptions of young health professionals regarding training and capacity building for the improved use of phytomedicinal antimalarials and enhancing research in Nigeria. Study Design: A descriptive … Aims: To assess the perceptions of young health professionals regarding training and capacity building for the improved use of phytomedicinal antimalarials and enhancing research in Nigeria. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional survey. Place and Duration of Study: Conducted in NIPRD between January to March 2025. Methodology: A simple random sampling technique was used to recruit participants. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Responses from 203 participants were analysed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics summarised demographic characteristics. The association between socio-demographic factors was assessed using multivariate binary logistic regression. Results: Most respondents were female, and nearly half were aged between 22 and 25 years. Over two-thirds came from non-medical but health-related disciplines. More than two-thirds had received formal training in antimalarial drug development or natural medicine research. Almost all participants (98.5%) agreed that training enhances understanding of phytomedicinal antimalarials. Internships at research institutions were rated the most valuable opportunity for gaining practical experience (52.7%). A majority showed strong interest in phytomedicinal research, driven by a desire to make a difference (64.0%) and by career aspirations (58.1%). Workshops were identified as the most convenient training format (73.4%). Research grants (68.5%) and mentorship programmes (61.3%) were the most cited support needs. Logistic regression revealed that individuals with research backgrounds were significantly more likely to value participation in fieldwork (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: There is a strong interest among young health professionals in phytomedicinal antimalarial research, accompanied by a recognised need for structured training and hands-on experience to support malaria control strategies.

Review on lozenges in pharmaceutical field globally

2025-06-15
Nancy Sharma , Ujjwal Porwal | Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Characterization of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and their Dose-Dependent Effects on Body Weight and Hematological Parameters in Female Albino Rats

2025-06-14
Nasir Mehmood , I. Hussain , Muhammad Asif Muneer +7 more | Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences
Commercially widespread nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) demonstrate mostly unexplored toxicological features especially when applied to female subjects. This study observed NiO nanoparticles through dose-dependent effects on female albino rats' … Commercially widespread nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) demonstrate mostly unexplored toxicological features especially when applied to female subjects. This study observed NiO nanoparticles through dose-dependent effects on female albino rats' body weight parameters and hematological data. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) together with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) investigated properties of NiO nanoparticles. NiO nanoparticles were injected intravenously at three body weight doses of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mg/kg for female rats over 28 days. A fully automatic haematology analyser analyzed weekly body weight changes together with haematological measurements of RBCs, WBCs, haemoglobin, and platelets from each test rat. Per results NiO nanoparticles showed spherical structure and measured 17 nm as their average diameter. Theexperimental rats displayed reduced RBC counts and elevated WBC counts together with body weight decrease that increased proportionally to NiO nanoparticle dose levels. The data demonstrates how NiO NPs manifest dose-dependent harmful effects on female rats which establishes the requirement to conduct supplementary safety evaluations while performing gender-specific studies.

To Study the PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) in a Region of Punjab District Fatehgarh Sahib

2025-06-14
Ashu Rani | International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management
Abstract This research explores the biopsychosocial dimensions of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) among urban women in Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab. The study involves 100 participants (50 diagnosed with PCOS and 50 … Abstract This research explores the biopsychosocial dimensions of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) among urban women in Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab. The study involves 100 participants (50 diagnosed with PCOS and 50 control subjects) and uses a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, and participant observation. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder that affects women of reproductive age and is increasingly recognized as a public health concern in India, particularly in urban areas undergoing rapid lifestyle and dietary transitions. This thesis aims to investigate the prevalence, influencing factors, clinical manifestations, and psychosocial implications of PCOS among urban Indian women, with a specific focus on Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab.Using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, the study involved 100 participants (50 diagnosed with PCOS and 50 controls) from urban populations. Participants were recruited from RIMT Hospital and through word of mouth. Data collection involved structured questionnaires assessing psychological general well-being (PGWB), body image perception, gender identity, lifestyle, and medical history, supplemented by physical examinations and biochemical tests, including hormone profiles (FSH, LH, AMH, estrogen, SHBG, HCG), insulin levels, glucose tolerance, and ultrasonography.The findings reveal that PCOS prevalence in urban areas was significantly higher (8.9%) compared to rural populations (1%). Most urban participants were found to be overweight or obese, with a mean BMI of 26.5 ± 0.4 kg/m² among PCOS patients. The high intake of junk food, sedentary lifestyles, and chronic stress were commonly reported among urban women. Despite high awareness levels (90.24% in urban vs. 8.34% in rural), misconceptions and delayed diagnosis persist. Interestingly, while biochemical markers such as elevated LH and insulin levels were consistent among PCOS patients, psychosocial issues such as poor body image, anxiety, and diminished self-esteem were also prominent, suggesting a holistic impact of PCOS beyond its physical symptoms.Qualitative insights further highlighted the challenges faced by women with PCOS, including societal pressure, marital expectations, emotional distress, and lack of support, particularly among those living in joint family settings or away from their own familial networks. The study observed that even mild PCOS phenotypes, when left undiagnosed or untreated, contributed to psychological distress and reduced quality of life.The results underscore the necessity for early screening using culturally sensitive diagnostic tools (e.g., Asian BMI standards), public education campaigns, and multidisciplinary approaches combining medical, psychological, and lifestyle interventions. The thesis calls for further research into the biopsychosocial trajectories of PCOS in India, with emphasis on marital status, socioeconomic background, geographic location, and evolving gender norms in urban Indian society. Keywords: polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Urban India, Biopsychosocial Health, Obesity, Endocrine Disorder Women's Health Body Image Insulin Resistance Lifestyle Disease Reproductive Health Psychosocial Impact

Prescribing Patterns of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Several Pharmacies in Dhaka City

2025-06-14
K. Abdul Samad , Imtiaz Ahmed , Khurshida Samad +3 more | Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research
Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed and used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Though these type of drugs contains many side effects, they are … Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed and used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Though these type of drugs contains many side effects, they are widely used. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prescribing pattern of NSAIDs in several pharmacies in Dhaka city. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in Dhaka City of bangladesh during the period from July 2002 to June 2003. Total 8(eight) thanas were included in the study, namely Cantonment thana &amp; Kafrul thana in the north part, Ramna thana &amp; Motijheel thana in the south part, Khilgaon thana &amp; Tejgaon thana in the east part, Mohammadpur thana &amp; Mirpur thana in the west part. From each Thana, 2 (two) pharmacies were selected randomly. So, 16 (sixteen) pharmacies were selected for this study. Six hundred and eighty (608) prescriptions were considered for analysis as per the guideline of WHO/DAP 92.3 "How to investigate drug use in the community". For statistical analysis, SPSS software was used. Results: Among a total of 608 prescriptions, MBBS doctors prescribed 63.8%. Most of the study people (71.4%) were in the age group of 15-45 years. The majority (59.7%) were prescribed for males. The chief complaint/clinical diagnosis was mentioned as fever (20.1%). The most commonly prescribed NSAIDs were paracetamol (42.1), diclofenac sodium (21.9%); ibuprofen (10.4%); naproxen (5.9%); aspirin (1.6%), and other NSAIDs (18.1%) were prescribed respectively. NSAIDs were mentioned in generic names (4.9%) and in trade names (95.1.%) of total prescriptions respectively. In this study, the commonest prescribed dosage from NSAIDs were tablet/capsule (83.7%); syrup (9.0%); suppository (3.0%); injection (2.0%); suspension (1.8%); topical application (0.5%) were prescribed respectively. Conclusion: The patients usually consulted with MBBS doctors. The chief complaint/clinical diagnosis for which patients were prescribed NSAID is fever. The commonest prescribed NSAID is paracetamol. NSAIDs are mentioned in trade names in most cases. The commonest prescribed dosage from NSAIDs is tablet/capsule. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, January 2024;11(1):34-40

Study on Impact of Marketing Strategy on Consumer of Amul Products

2025-06-14
Vikas Agrawal | International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management
Abstract This study aims to explore the impact of marketing strategies employed by Amul, one of India’s most iconic dairy brands, on consumer perception, purchase behavior, and brand loyalty. It … Abstract This study aims to explore the impact of marketing strategies employed by Amul, one of India’s most iconic dairy brands, on consumer perception, purchase behavior, and brand loyalty. It delves into various dimensions such as advertising effectiveness, digital marketing initiatives, pricing strategies, distribution networks, and product diversification. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research, including surveys, interviews, and analysis of secondary data, the research identifies key factors influencing consumer behavior and evaluates the success of Amul’s marketing mix in the context of an evolving Indian market. Findings suggest that Amul’s value-based branding, affordability, and trust in quality have significantly influenced consumer preferences, though there is room for improvement in digital engagement and urban segmentation.

Comparative study of the effects of ethanolic leave extracts of Gnetum africanum (Okazi) and Solanum macrocarpon (Garden egg leaf) on the hematological parameters and antioxidant activities of male Wistar rats

2025-06-13
Chinyere Salome Ihezuruoha , Chiaka I. Anumudu , Chisom Victor Obichi +4 more | World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of ethanolic extracts of leaves of Gnetium africanum (G. africanum) and Solanum marcrocarpon (S. marcroarpon) on the haematological parameters and … The aim of this study was to compare the effects of ethanolic extracts of leaves of Gnetium africanum (G. africanum) and Solanum marcrocarpon (S. marcroarpon) on the haematological parameters and antioxidant activities of male Wistar rats. Thirty (30) male rats were randomly divided into five groups of six (6) each and treated for four weeks as follows: Group 1: Low dose of G. africanum (500 mg/kg), Group 2: High dose of G. africanum (1000 mg/kg), Group 3: Low dose of S. marcrocarpon (500 mg/kg), Group 4: High dose of S. marcrocarpon (1000 mg/kg) and Group 5: Control. The criterion for statistical significance was p≤0.05. The result of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) showed significant increase in high dose of G. africanum and S. marcrocarpon 987.27±108.07umol/L and 915.43±24.40umol/L respectively and significant decrease in TAC in low dose of G. africanum and S. marcrocarpon 787.83±15.35umol/L and 796.53±131.49umol/L compared to Control 805.43±11.04umol/L. There was a significant increase in RBC Count in high dose of G. africanum and S. marcrocarpon 7.74±0.50×1012/L and 7.94±0.34×1012/L compared to Control 7.56±0.29×1012/L. The result revealed significant increase in; Haemoglobin Count in high dose of G. africanum and S. marcrocarpon 16.33±1.91g/dl and 17.70±0.70g/dl, compared to Control 15.00±0.82g/dl, and mean levels of PCV count in high dose of G. africanum and S. marcrocarpon 48.67±5.51% and 55.00±1.00% compared to Control 44.67±2.89%. The results of this study showed that the two extracts possessed antioxidant and haematinic properties and that G. africanum has greater antioxidant activities than S. marcrocarpon while S. marcrocarpon has more haematinic properties.

Nephroprotective and Antimalarial Effects of Azadirachta indica and Cymbopogon citratus Ethanolic Leaf Extracts in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

2025-06-12
Uzozie Chikere Ofoego , E Bassey , Amarachukwu Ndubuisi Ofoego +1 more | Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research
Malaria remains a major public health burden, especially in developing countries, with rising resistance to conventional antimalarial drugs. This study investigated the nephroprotective and antimalarial effects of ethanolic extracts of … Malaria remains a major public health burden, especially in developing countries, with rising resistance to conventional antimalarial drugs. This study investigated the nephroprotective and antimalarial effects of ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica (EAI) and Cymbopogon citratus (ECC) in adult male Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Forty mice were randomly assigned into eight groups (n = 5). All groups were induced with malaria except Group A, which served as the normal control. Group B was infected but untreated. Groups C and D received 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of EAI, respectively. Groups E and F received 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of ECC. Group G received 20 mg/kg/day of standard drug (Lonart®), while Group H received a combination of 500 mg/kg each of EAI and ECC. Treatments were administered orally for 14 days. Body weight increased significantly in Group A but showed no significant change in other groups. Relative kidney weights and urea levels varied insignificantly. Uric acid and creatinine levels significantly decreased in all treated groups compared to the untreated group. Parasitemia levels reduced significantly by days 7 and 14 in treated groups. Histological analysis showed preserved kidney structures with mild inflammation. Findings support the nephroprotective and antimalarial potential of EAI and ECC.

The Effect of Vitamin C Administration on Hemoglobin and Hematocrit of Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

2025-06-11
Ratna Damayanti , Hasna Firdhausia , Deninda Ainaya +5 more | Journal of Basic Medical Veterinary
Anemia, a condition characterized by low hemoglobin or red blood cell levels, is a widespread nutritional issue affecting over 2 billion people globally. Iron deficiency, folic acid, and vitamin B12 … Anemia, a condition characterized by low hemoglobin or red blood cell levels, is a widespread nutritional issue affecting over 2 billion people globally. Iron deficiency, folic acid, and vitamin B12 or C deficiencies are common causes, with vitamin C playing a crucial role in enhancing iron absorption. This study aimed to investigate the impact of various doses of vitamin C supplementation on hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in rats. The experiment employed a True Experimental design with a control group and three treatment groups receiving different doses of vitamin C (1 mg/ml, 3 mg/ml, and 6 mg/ml) over three weeks. Results showed no significant increase in hemoglobin or hematocrit levels across treatment groups compared to the control. Although some variations were observed in the data, particularly with the 6 mg/ml dose showing a slight decrease in hemoglobin levels, the overall effect of vitamin C on these hematological parameters was not substantial. These findings suggest that animal health, feed quality, and vitamin C administration duration influence the outcomes.

A Comprehensive Review On: Polycystic Ovarian Disease and It’s Impact on Health Care of Female

2025-06-11
Shayantika Rit , Praveen Kumar , Sonia Trehan | Journal of Neonatal Surgery
Poly cystic ovarian disease (PCOD) is a complex pathophysiology and common endocrine, metabolic disorder that affect the ovaries and can lead to physiological, irregular menstrual cycle also the main reason … Poly cystic ovarian disease (PCOD) is a complex pathophysiology and common endocrine, metabolic disorder that affect the ovaries and can lead to physiological, irregular menstrual cycle also the main reason of infertility and also formation of cysts in the ovary. It’s also know as Polycystric ovarian syndrome. PCOS is a hormonal condition that results in larger ovaries with little cysts around the periphery.This hormonal disorder globally affect the more then 5 - 15% ladies at their puberty age leading to decreasing the level of Oestrogen and Progesterone. They also have increasing the level of Androgen. This ovulation process stimulated by bodily hormone. The clear root of PCOS it’s genetic alliance and hormonal disbalance with most usual manifestation , acne on face, hirsutism, insulin resistance, hair loss, obesity. The acumen regarding management of PCOD through healthy life style with physical activity like Yoga. PCOS is considered focus on implement or modification in way of living style to the community (education, stop smoking, rational diet , not consumption of alcohol and weight management) when necessary are of the importance and early obstruction to fend off future morbidities.

A Review on Analytical and Pharmacological Description of Ornidazole

2025-06-11
Kamesh Gupta , Abhay Bhardwaj , Anuj Pathak +2 more | Journal of Neonatal Surgery
Ornidazole is a well-known Anti-bacterial drug associated with the Nitroimidazole class. It’s a class II BCS compound with poor solubility in inorganic solvents. Hoffmann-La-Roche synthesized orinidazole in 1966. Anaerobic bacteria … Ornidazole is a well-known Anti-bacterial drug associated with the Nitroimidazole class. It’s a class II BCS compound with poor solubility in inorganic solvents. Hoffmann-La-Roche synthesized orinidazole in 1966. Anaerobic bacteria are susceptible to the antibacterial and antiprotozoal effect of ornidazole. This review mainly focuses on various analytical estimations techniques of ornidazole and compares it with other drug compounds. This is a comprehensive review of previous research on the drug ornidazole

Antihyperlipidemic activity of kaffir lime leaf extract (Citrus hystrix DC) on hypercholesterolemic model mice

2025-06-10
Ade Giriayu Anjani , Rosa Juwita Hesturini | Deleted Journal
Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) is rich in various bioactive substances like flavonoids, tannins, saponins, hesperidin, and several monoterpenes, which are believed to have antihyperlipidemic activity. Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic … Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) is rich in various bioactive substances like flavonoids, tannins, saponins, hesperidin, and several monoterpenes, which are believed to have antihyperlipidemic activity. Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic issue that can lead to high blood pressure and weight gain. This condition is the result of an imbalance in cholesterol levels, including total cholesterol, elevated LDL, and reduced HDL. This study aimed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic activity of kaffir lime leaf extract (C. hystrix DC) on hypercholesterolemic model mice. It was pre- and post-control group design study. Tweenty-five male mice (Mus musculus) weighing 16-21g at 12 wk of age were used in this study. Five mice as normal control mice group (Group 1) were only administered 1% CMC-Na solution and 20 mice were administered an atherogenic diet to induce hyperlipidemic model. The hyperlipidemic mice were then randomly divided into four groups i.e. positive control mice group (Group 2) were administered simvastatin suspendet in 1% CMC-Na at dose of 0.03 mg/g BW, treatment mice group (Group 3-5) were administered C. hystrix DC leaf extract suspendet in 1% CMC-Na at doses of 0.21; 0.28; and 0.35 mg/g BW, respectively. The interventions were administered one daily for 14 d. Blood sampling from the retroorbital plexus of the mice was conducted before and 14 d after the intervention for lipid profile analysis. The serum total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels were measured by the CHOD-PAP (cholesterol oxidase-phenyl amino phyrazolone) enzymatic method. A significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides levels, and a significant increase in the HDL level were observed in the treatment group at doses of 0.28; 0.35 mg/g BW compared to the normal control group (p&lt;0.05). The maximal antihyperlipidemic activity was observed at dose of 0.28 mg/g BW. In conclusion, the C. hystrix DC leaf extract has antihyperlipidemic model mice.

Nutritional Status and Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Clinical and Public Health Implications Based on a Review of the Literature Review

2025-06-09
Umi Kalsum , Mochamad Untung Kurnia Agung , Fitriana Fitriana +3 more | International Journal of Social health
Tuberculosis (TB) and nutritional status share a complex, bidirectional relationship, where malnutrition can exacerbate TB progression and TB can worsen nutritional status through increased metabolic demands and nutrient malabsorption. This … Tuberculosis (TB) and nutritional status share a complex, bidirectional relationship, where malnutrition can exacerbate TB progression and TB can worsen nutritional status through increased metabolic demands and nutrient malabsorption. This study aims to investigate the relationship between nutritional status and pulmonary tuberculosis by conducting a literature review. A systematic search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, resulting in the selection of five relevant articles—four national and one international—published between 2020 and 2024. The selected studies were evaluated for their methodological quality and relevance to the theme. The findings consistently demonstrate a significant association between poor nutritional status and increased TB severity or incidence (e.g., OR: 4.67; CI: 1.75–12.45), emphasizing the role of BMI, Protein-Nutritional Index (PNI), and immune indicators as both risk factors and protective elements. The review highlights that nutritional interventions, such as balanced diets, micronutrient supplementation, and adherence to TB medications, are crucial in managing TB effectively. It also identifies a need for future research focusing on the development and implementation of targeted nutritional programs across different stages of TB, as well as exploring demographic, socioeconomic, and regional variables influencing intervention outcomes. The implications of this research underscore the importance of integrating nutrition-based strategies into TB treatment frameworks to enhance patient recovery and public health effectiveness.