Medicine Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Biotechnology and Related Fields

Description

This cluster of papers explores the development, challenges, and opportunities in global health biotechnology, with a focus on emerging markets and the role of public-private partnerships. It covers topics such as innovation, entrepreneurship, capacity building, intellectual property, and the potential for science-based health innovation in developing countries.

Keywords

Health Biotechnology; Global Collaboration; Developing Countries; Innovation; Public-Private Partnerships; Emerging Markets; Science-Based Health Innovation; Entrepreneurship; Capacity Building; Intellectual Property

The Genetics Of Business: Learning From The Fruit Flies * Evolution or Extinction * What Fruit Flies Teach Us About Business * Survival of the Fittest * The Secret of … The Genetics Of Business: Learning From The Fruit Flies * Evolution or Extinction * What Fruit Flies Teach Us About Business * Survival of the Fittest * The Secret of Life Supply Chain Design: The Ultimate Core Capability * The Primacy of Chains * Laws of Nature * DNA Mapping Executive Strategy In The Age Of Temporary Advantage: Three-Dimensional Concurrent Engineering * Cloning in Three Dimensions * Enriching the Gene Pool * Molecular Manipulation * Genetic Engineering in a Fast-Clockspeed World * Back to the Fruit Flies * When Fruit Flies Inherit the Earth
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Nine years has passed since the 1992 second edition of the encyclopedia was published. This completely revised third edition, which is a university and professional level compendium of chemistry, molecular … Nine years has passed since the 1992 second edition of the encyclopedia was published. This completely revised third edition, which is a university and professional level compendium of chemistry, molecular biology, mathematics, and engineering, is refreshed with numerous articles about current research in these fields. For example, the new edition has an increased emphasis on information processing and biotechnology, reflecting the rapid growth of these areas. The continuing Editor-in-Chief, Robert Meyers, and the Board prepared a new topical outline of physical science and technology to define complete coverage. Section editors are either Nobel Laureates or editors of key journals in their fields. Additional board members representing the global scientific community were also recruited. The new 18-volume edition of the Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, 3E, will have the added feature of an Index Volume, containing abstracts of all of the articles in the encyclopedia. The latest edition of the Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology: has been completely updated with no less than 90 per cent revised material and 50 per cent new content throughout the volumes. It presents eighteen volumes, nearly 800 authoritative articles and 14,500 pages. It is lavishly illustrated with over 7,000 photographs, illustrations and tables. It presents an increased emphasis on the hottest topics such as information processing, environmental science, biotechnology and biomedicine. It includes a final Index Volume containing Thematic, Relational and Subject indexes.
Chapter 3 discussed the growing importance of division of labor in pharmaceutical research and innovation. It argued that, with greater scientific intensity of pharmaceutical research, relevant knowledge for innovation can … Chapter 3 discussed the growing importance of division of labor in pharmaceutical research and innovation. It argued that, with greater scientific intensity of pharmaceutical research, relevant knowledge for innovation can be articulated in more general and abstract forms, and hence it can be transferred more easily between organizations. This encourages division of labor among agents specializing in different segments of the drug innovation cycle.
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Acknowledgements Introduction Opening Pandora's Black Box PART I FROM WEARER TO STRONGER RHETORIC Chapter I Literature Part A: Controversies Part B: When controversies flare up the literature becomes technical Part … Acknowledgements Introduction Opening Pandora's Black Box PART I FROM WEARER TO STRONGER RHETORIC Chapter I Literature Part A: Controversies Part B: When controversies flare up the literature becomes technical Part C: Writing texts that withstand the assaults of a hostile environment Conclusion: Numbers, more numbers Chapter 2 Laboratories Part A: From texts to things: A showdown Part B: Building up counter-laboratories Part C: Appealing (to) nature PART II FROM WEAR POINTS TO STRONGHOLDS Chapter 3 Machines Introduction: The quandary of the fact-builder Part A: Translating interests Part B: Keeping the interested groups in line Part C: The model of diffusion versus the model of translation Chapter 4 Insiders Out Part A: Interesting others in the laboratories Part B: Counting allies and resources PART III FROM SHORT TO LONGER NETWORKS Chapter 5 Tribunals of Reason Part A: The trials of rationality Part B: Sociologics Part C: Who needs hard facts? Chapter 6 Centres of calculation Prologue: The domestication of the savage mind Part A: Action at a distance Part B: Centres of calculation Part C: Metrologies Appendix 1
The Merck Index is a one-volume encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs and biologicals that contains more than 10,000 monographs. Each monograph in this authoritative reference source is a concise description of … The Merck Index is a one-volume encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs and biologicals that contains more than 10,000 monographs. Each monograph in this authoritative reference source is a concise description of a single substance or a small group of closely related compounds. Compounds included: * human and veterinary drugs * biotech drugs and monoclonal antibodies * substances used for medical imaging * biologicals and natural products * plants and traditional medicines * nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals * agriculturals, pesticides and herbicides * Organic chemicals used in research * Food additives and supplements * dyes, colors and indicators * environmentally significant substances Information provided: * chemical, common and generic names * Over 15,000 trademarks and associated companies * CAS Registry Numbers for over 12,000 compounds * Over 8,500 chemical structures * molecular formulae, weights and percentage composition * capsule statements identifying compound classes and scientific significance * scientific and patent literature references * physical and toxicity data * therapeutic and commercial uses * caution and hazard information In addition, there are more than 700 new and completely revised monographs, thousands of new references, trademarks and uses added to existing monographs. Now includes a companion CD-ROM which features 989 monographs no longer available in print, organic name reactions, supplemental tables and a new user interface for user-friendly searching. Features of the CD: * Searchable by keywords, references, and numerical properties * Search the complete contents of the 14th edition, plus nearly a thousand monographs archived from previous editions * Comes with a free one-year subscription to the Merck Index Internet Edition * Windows-compatible CD powered by CambridgeSoft's ChemFinder * Extensively revised supplemental tables now including acronyms, vaccines, and physical constants * More than 70 pages of hard to find information in one easy-to-use place
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
List of Figures ix Acknowledgments xiii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 PART I: ROBUSTNESS BELOW THE GENE LEVEL 13 Chapter 2: The Genetic Alphabet 15 Chapter 3: The Genetic Code 25 … List of Figures ix Acknowledgments xiii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 PART I: ROBUSTNESS BELOW THE GENE LEVEL 13 Chapter 2: The Genetic Alphabet 15 Chapter 3: The Genetic Code 25 Chapter 4: RNA Structure 39 Chapter 5: Proteins and Point Mutations 62 Chapter 6: Proteins and Recombination 78 PART II: ROBUSTNESS ABOVE THE GENE LEVEL 91 Chapter 7: Regulatory DNA Regions and Their Reorganization in Evolution 93 Chapter 8: Metabolic Pathways 104 Chapter 9: Metabolic Networks 120 Chapter 10: Drosophila Segmentation and Other Gene Regulatory Networks 143 Chapter 11: Phenotypic Traits, Cryptic Variation, and Human Diseases 161 Chapter 12: The Many Ways of Building the Same Body 175 PART III: COMMON PRINCIPLES 193 Chapter 13: Neutral Spaces 195 Chapter 14: Evolvability and Neutral Mutations 217 Chapter 15: Redundancy of Parts or Distributed Robustness? 228 Chapter 16: Robustness as an Evolved Adaptation to Mutations 247 Chapter 17: Robustness as an Evolved Adaptation to Environmental Change and Noise 270 Chapter 18: Robustness and Fragility: Advantages to Variation and Trade-offs 281 PART IV: ROBUSTNESS BEYOND THE ORGANISM 295 Chapter 19: Robustness in Natural Systems and Self-Organization 297 Chapter 20: Robustness in Man-made Systems 310 Epilogue: Seven Open Questions for Systems Biology 321 Bibliography 323 Index 359
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth … The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
The threat of microplastics has recently taken the media by storm, causing panic in the general public, and a drive to push research forward within the scientific community. Plastic pollution … The threat of microplastics has recently taken the media by storm, causing panic in the general public, and a drive to push research forward within the scientific community. Plastic pollution has been a growing issue ever since its invention in the early 1900s. Microplastics are small plastic particles that come about as a result of building materials, beauty products, or by shedding off larger pieces of plastic. These particles have had a profound impact on our environment, as well as the animals in it. Microplastics can be found in soil, crops and in the sea. They have been found in both domestic and wild animals. Recent studies have even found them in several different human tissues. This issue seems to be impacting all areas of life on earth, and yet a fully unified approach that benefits humans, animals and the environment, is yet to be considered. A One Health approach may be the key to curbing this problem, to try and ensure a more sustainable future.
| Nature Food
| BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks
Promising Cancer Therapeutic Drug Targets: Recent Advancements offers a comprehensive overview of novel and emerging strategies in cancer therapy. The book explores cutting-edge approaches such as exosomal delivery systems, CRISPR/Cas9 … Promising Cancer Therapeutic Drug Targets: Recent Advancements offers a comprehensive overview of novel and emerging strategies in cancer therapy. The book explores cutting-edge approaches such as exosomal delivery systems, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and immunotoxins, alongside targeting mechanisms like cancer stem cells, apoptosis pathways, and key signaling processes. A strong emphasis is placed on the therapeutic potential of natural compounds in disrupting cancer progression and enhancing treatment response. Chapters are organized around molecular targets, therapeutic pathways, and bioactive agents to provide a clear, thematic structure. Key Features - In-depth exploration of CRISPR/Cas9, exosomes, and stem cell-targeted therapy - Focus on natural compounds in cancer treatment - Insights into key signaling pathways (Hippo, Hedgehog, STAT3) - Discussion on apoptosis and drug resistance mechanisms.
A Semana Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (SNCT) é o principal evento de divulgação científica do Brasil e, no ano de 2024, as suas ações foram norteadas pelo tema: Biomas … A Semana Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (SNCT) é o principal evento de divulgação científica do Brasil e, no ano de 2024, as suas ações foram norteadas pelo tema: Biomas do Brasil: diversidade, saberes e tecnologias sociais. Por isso, este trabalho possui o objetivo de descrever as ações desenvolvidas na 21º SNCT, realizada em outubro de 2024, a fim de refletir sobre o papel da extensão acadêmica. Os protagonistas da ação, também autores deste relato, são integrantes do Laboratório de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão em Educação Ambiental (LEPEEA) e da Sala Verde - Educar no e para o Antropoceno, vinculados à Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). Foram confeccionados painéis interativos e um jogo sobre os biomas brasileiros, ambos utilizados nas instituições selecionadas para realização das atividades. A partir da ação desenvolvida, entendemos que a extensão acadêmica atua como uma via de mão dupla, resignificando a prática da comunidade externa e dos representantes das universidades.
Echolocating bats must continuously adapt their sonar output to meet the increasing demands of prey pursuit. While call rate and duration modulations have been extensively described, the underlying control thresholds … Echolocating bats must continuously adapt their sonar output to meet the increasing demands of prey pursuit. While call rate and duration modulations have been extensively described, the underlying control thresholds governing these transitions remain poorly understood. Here, we present a predictive framework based on a novel metric responsivity, defined as the inverse change in interpulse interval (IPI), to quantify moment-to-moment temporal precision in sonar control. This metric reveals a critical transition point---buzz readiness---where fine-scale IPI adjustments peak prior to the onset of the terminal buzz. By integrating biologically plausible reaction time constraints with echo-acoustic feedback loops, our model predicts how increasing relative velocity compresses the time available for sonar adaptation. Simulations incorporating prey motion and bat flight kinematics reproduce a consistent sublinear tradeoff between call rate and relative velocity. High-resolution field recordings from a portable, custom-built microphone array validate the model predictions, demonstrating that buzz readiness thresholds reliably align with behavioural transitions in natural prey interception. The framework further explains why shortened or absent buzzes occur at high velocities, when reaction constraints prevent full transition into the buzz phase. This work introduces a generalised, predictive model linking sensory-motor control, kinematics, and temporal adaptation in bat biosonar. The responsivity approach offers new tools to quantify control dynamics in natural behaviour and provides a foundation for biologically inspired sensing systems operating under real-time constraints.
O presente estudo visa analisar a importância da cibersegurança no contexto dos sistemas relacionados às ciências biológicas em diferentes setores da economia, a qual é denominada de ciberbiosegurança. Realizou-se uma … O presente estudo visa analisar a importância da cibersegurança no contexto dos sistemas relacionados às ciências biológicas em diferentes setores da economia, a qual é denominada de ciberbiosegurança. Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica narrativa. A inovação tecnológica tornou-se um aspecto inerente à existência de nossa sociedade, uma vez que praticamente todos os itens relevantes para nossa vida diária possuem pelo menos um componente cibernético associado a ela. Dentre estes, podemos ressaltar os computadores pessoais, as redes de computadores, a tecnologia da informação e a realidade virtual. Agora, as ciências da vida vêm estabelecendo uma interface com a tecnologia da informação e a segurança cibernética. Esta convergência resultou em um crescimento significativo do setor de biotecnologia e suas aplicações na saúde, agricultura, manufatura, automação, inteligência artificial e biologia sintética. Com isso, fez-se necessário a criação de uma disciplina que englobasse a biossegurança e a segurança ciberfísica e cibersegurança, a qual foi denominada de ciberbiosegurança. Esta envolve a compreensão, proteção, mitigação, investigação e atribuição de vigilância indesejada, intrusões e atividades maliciosas e prejudiciais que podem ocorrer dentro ou nas interfaces das ciências médicas e da vida, que afetam a segurança, a competitividade e a resiliência.
Abstract Background: Direct-to-consumer genetic testing allows individuals to access their genetic information independently, without the involvement of healthcare providers or insurance companies. Recently, the FDA approved the updated “23andMe” for … Abstract Background: Direct-to-consumer genetic testing allows individuals to access their genetic information independently, without the involvement of healthcare providers or insurance companies. Recently, the FDA approved the updated “23andMe” for selected variants in BRCA1 genes for marketing. This updated test, which analyzes human saliva samples from individuals aged 18 and older, now includes 44 specific BRCA1/BRCA2 variants, adding 41 new variants to the previously authorized three common among Ashkenazi Jews. However, thousands of pathogenic variants have been reported in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The included 44 variants cover over 90% of cancer-related BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, 30-40% in African Americans, people of Europeans descent, and Hispanics or Latinos and 5-35% in Asians. Given this diversity, it is crucial to assess the prevalence of these variants in various populations. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of BRCA1/2 variants included in the “23and Me” panel in the Arab Jordanian population. Methods: Between January 2016 and June 2024, breast cancer patients underwent genetic testing at King Hussein Cancer Center. We analyzed the genetic data of breast cancer patients who were identified with pathogenic or likely (P/LP) variants. Specifically, we assessed the frequency of this cohort's 44 FDA-approved BRCA1/2 variants. Results: Among the 5,896 breast cancer patients tested, 635 (10.7%) were identified as having P/LP variants. Of those, 421 (66.3%) had P/LP variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The median age at diagnosis with breast cancer was 40 years (range: 19-84 years). 150 (23.6%) breast cancer patients carried P/LP variants in the BRCA1 gene, encompassing 64 different variants and 271 (42.7%) were found to have P/LP variants in the BRCA2 gene, which included 88 different P/LP variants. Only 44 (10.45%) patients were found to have P/LP variants listed in the “23andMe” panel, including 16 patients with BRCA1 variants and 28 patients with BRCA2 variants. Almost half of the cases in our patients involved 8 highly frequent BRCA1 variants and 7 highly frequent BRCA2 variants. Among those, only BRCA2 c.2808_2811del, reported in 12 cases, is included in the 23andMe genetic testing panel. Eight BRCA1 variants matched those reported by “23andMe” in 16 cases: c.68_69del (2 cases), c.1961del (1 case), c.3756_3759del (1 case), c.3770_3771del (1 case), c.4065_4068del (5 cases), c.4327C>T (1 case), c.5123C>A (1 case), and c.5266dup (4 cases). For BRCA2, 6 variants matched those reported by 23andMe in 28 cases: c.658_659del (3 cases), c.771_775del (2 cases), c.2808_2811del (12 cases), c.3170_3174del (1 case), c.3847_3848del (5 cases), and c.7480C>T (2 cases). Conclusions: The 23andMe test potentially missing 89.55% of P/LP BRCA1/2 variants in Arab Jordanians. Including frequently reported variants from different world regions should be considered in direct-to-consumer genetic testing to improve test sensitivity. Citation Format: Faris Tamimi, Hira Bani Hani, Baha' Sharaf, Yazan Talab, Suhaib Khater, Sarah Abdel-Razeq, Tamer Al-Batsh, Hanan Khalil, Mariam Al-Atrash, Hikmat Abdel-Razeq. Direct-to-Consumer “23andMe” Testing for Germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 Gene Variants among Arab Jordanians [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2024; 2024 Dec 10-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-05-01.
Abstract Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide, with a disproportionate number of these deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due … Abstract Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide, with a disproportionate number of these deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to limited access to effective therapies. In response, The Max Foundation (Max) and its Humanitarian PACT for Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC) partners, including the ABC Global Alliance, the American Society for Clinical Pathology, Cepheid, Novartis, and Lilly, launched a multi-stakeholder program to provide treatment access and address broader healthcare barriers in select LMICs. A country's ability to achieve its health goals largely depends on the capacity of its healthcare workforce. The introduction of innovative medicines for ABC has created the catalyst for the Humanitarian PACT to support both individual patients and broader health systems strengthening in LMICs through healthcare professional (HCP) training. Methods: The Humanitarian PACT for ABC provides access to CDK4/6 inhibitors and aromatase inhibitors for women living with HR+/HER2- ABC in select LMICs free-of-charge, while also supporting the strengthening of healthcare infrastructure and knowledge through clinical and diagnostics training for HCPs in the country. Training sessions, both on-site and virtual, were led by Experts Consultants covering diagnosis, pathology, clinical decision-making, medication management, and disease monitoring as part of the program’s implementation. Medical oncology training sessions focused on situational analysis, patient selection, side effects management, and patients monitoring. Pathology training sessions focused on diagnosis and biomarker assessment. Results: From October 2023 to June 2024, 96 post-menopausal HR+/HER2- ABC patients from 8 countries; the Bahamas, Benin, Cambodia, Jamaica, Mozambique, Nepal, Saint Lucia, and Seychelles were enrolled in the program and received access to treatment. On-site and virtual training was provided to 29 HCPs, including oncologists, pathologists, and pharmacists from these countries. Patient retention, adherence, and side effects management will be analyzed in each country with main challenges and barriers to be further identified. Conclusions: We believe that by providing access to high-impact oncology medicines in LMICs, we are equipping HCPs with the most important tools they need to treat patients effectively. Access to medicines serves as the most critical catalyst for strengthening health systems, ensuring that other investments in infrastructure and clinical care improvement occurs and have lasting impact for patients. HCP training plays a crucial role in supporting health systems strengthening by building the capacity of HCPs to deliver quality care, improve patient outcomes, and address health system challenges. This program underscores the transformative impact of leveraging novel medicines as a pathway to strengthening health systems in LMICs, paving the way for sustainable advancements in global oncology, and most importantly providing patients with access to care and medicines resulting in improved outcomes. Citation Format: Fatima Cardoso. Access to Innovative Medicines for Advanced Breast Cancer as a Catalyst for Health Systems Strengthening in Low- and Middle-Income Countries [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2024; 2024 Dec 10-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PS10-06.
Minakshi Raj | INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT
Abstract: The study investigates the operational challenges faced by healthcare start-ups in India’s pharmaceutical sector. These ventures, while driving innovation and improving access to affordable healthcare through telemedicine, AI diagnostics, … Abstract: The study investigates the operational challenges faced by healthcare start-ups in India’s pharmaceutical sector. These ventures, while driving innovation and improving access to affordable healthcare through telemedicine, AI diagnostics, and e-pharmacies, face serious hurdles. Key issues include regulatory barriers, limited funding, supply chain inefficiencies, and human resource shortages. The research uses a mixed- methods approach, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews from founders and experts to understand how these challenges affect scalability and sustainability.
INTRODUCTION. Major international pharmaceutical companies play a crucial role in the development of original medicines. To determine the directions for original medicines development in Russia, it is essential to analyze … INTRODUCTION. Major international pharmaceutical companies play a crucial role in the development of original medicines. To determine the directions for original medicines development in Russia, it is essential to analyze global trends and emerging weak signals (tendencies) — early indicators of future-significant innovations. OBJECTIVE. To identify trends and emerging weak signals that could shape pharmaceutical development in Russia through an analysis of the pipeline of original medicines being developed by global pharma leaders. MATERIALS AND METHODS. An analysis was conducted on the medicinal product development plans for 2024 of the 20 largest pharmaceutical companies globally, which have the highest research and development budgets. The focus was on original medicines scheduled for clinical trials Phase 1 from January to May 2024. A descriptive research approach was applied, based on retrospective analysis of secondary data. The study measured the number of original medicines under development, research directions, target classes, medicine types, and groups. Both quantitative and qualitative evaluations were used to identify key trends and tendencies (emerging weak signals) in pharmaceutical development of medicines. RESULTS. During the analyzed period, 17 out of 20 leading pharmaceutical companies-initiated Phase 1 trials for a total of 84 original medicines. The most active research areas included oncology, endocrinology and metabolism, cardiovascular system, and immunology. Notably, 40 medicines entered Phase 1 trials in oncology. The largest share (42%) of the medicines in development consists of high molecular weight molecules. Based on the number of medicines developed by multiple companies, trends were identified for the following medicine classes: “Large molecule” — bispecific antibodies (10 medicines, 5 developers); monospecific antibodies (8 medicines, 7 developers); antibody-drug conjugates (8 medicines, 3 developers); “Small molecule” — enzyme inhibitors (9 medicines, 6 developers); “Cell therapy” — CAR-T-based therapies (6 medicinal products, 2 developers). CONCLUSIONS. Current trends in targeted therapy development include the creation of bispecific antibodies and next-generation antibody-drug conjugates, alongside CAR-T therapies based on autologous T cells, predominantly for the treatment of malignant neoplasms. The study of multispecific antibodies is shaping a new direction in targeted cancer therapy. The development of low-molecular-weight enzyme inhibitors is establishing a trend in various therapeutic areas. Specifically, enzyme inhibitors targeting synthetic lethal vulnerabilities like WRN and PRMT5 are emerging as a key tendency in small-molecule medicine development for targeted cancer therapy.
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This article describes and characterizes the Indian Health Economic-Industrial Complex. It adopts a “reasoned history” approach based on a review of Indian and Latin American authors and official documents. The … This article describes and characterizes the Indian Health Economic-Industrial Complex. It adopts a “reasoned history” approach based on a review of Indian and Latin American authors and official documents. The analysis of the Indian experience allows outlining aspects of similarity and lessons for the conceptualization and formulation of health policies in Latin America, as it involves common challenges, both in terms of reducing the importation of medicines and medical equipment, as well as the need to strengthen access to medicines and medical treatments.