Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations

Security, Politics, and Digital Transformation

Works Count: 30045

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Description

This cluster of papers explores the concept of digital sovereignty, focusing on its implications in transition economies such as Hungary and Iran. It covers a wide range of topics including information security, legal regulation of digital assets, communication regimes, artificial intelligence, cryptocurrency, and the impact on national security in the context of globalization.

Keywords

Digital Sovereignty; Transition Economy; Information Security; Legal Regulation; Antibiotic Resistance; Communication Regimes; Artificial Intelligence; Cryptocurrency; National Security; Globalization

Central Asian security: the new international context

2002-03-01

Roy Allison , Lena Jonson

This volume is the first comprehensive scholarly analysis of the strategic reconfiguration of Central Asia as Russia has become more disengaged from the nations in the region and as these … This volume is the first comprehensive scholarly analysis of the strategic reconfiguration of Central Asia as Russia has become more disengaged from the nations in the region and as these nations have developed new relations to the south, east, and west. The international implications are enormous because of the rich energy sources --oil and natural gas --located in the Caspian Sea area. The authors assess a variety of internal security policy challenges confronting these states --for example, the potential for conflict arising from such factors as a mixed ethnic population, resource scarcity, particularly in relation to water management, and an Islamic revival. They also examine the security policy content of relations between the Central Asian states and regional and international powers --specifically the stakes, interests, and policies of Russia, China, Iran, Turkey, and the United States. These internal challenges and the evolution of relations with external powers may result in new cooperative relationships, but they may also lead to destabilizing rivalry and interstate enmity in Central Asia. It is important to identify new patterns of relevance for future security cooperation in the region, but the potential for a new security system or for new institutions to manage security in the region remains uncertain. These issues are explored by a team of prominent specialists from Western Europe, the United States, Russia and China.

Digital rights management : technological, economic, legal and political aspects

2003-01-01

Eberhard Becker

Conspiracy Theories as a Russian Public Diplomacy Tool: The Case of <i>Russia Today</i> (<i>RT</i>)

2015-04-28

Ilya Yablokov

This article explores the use of conspiracy theories by the Russian international television channel Russia Today ( RT). Based on Mark Fenster's definition of conspiracy theory as a populist theory … This article explores the use of conspiracy theories by the Russian international television channel Russia Today ( RT). Based on Mark Fenster's definition of conspiracy theory as a populist theory of power, the article studies the process of how various conspiratorial notions in programmes broadcast by RT legitimise Russian domestic and foreign policies and, in turn, delegitimise policies of the American government. It argues that the conspiratorial component of RT's broadcasting appears as a political instrument in the context of the post-Cold War world and is applied to attract various global audiences with different political views.

Coercion or Conformism? Censorship and Self-Censorship among Russian Media Personalities and Reporters in the 2010s

2014-01-04

Elisabeth Schimpfössl , Ilya Yablokov

Federal television is a crucial element of the political system in Putin’s Russia. 88% of the Russian population use television news as their prime source of information, 65% regard the … Federal television is a crucial element of the political system in Putin’s Russia. 88% of the Russian population use television news as their prime source of information, 65% regard the news reporting as objective and 51% trust television as an information source.[1] Television is, therefore, the primary and most effective tool employed by the political regime to influence its people. Since the onset of the Ukraine conflict and more hostile relations between Russia and the West, Russia’s main television channels have confounded the world with their ability to convince viewers of stories which are diametrically opposed to those shown in the West. What the Russian viewers see on state-aligned television is strongly shaped by the Kremlin. Particularly during Putin’s third presidential term, news reporting has become more propagandistic.

The agrarian programme of social-democracy in the First Russian Revolution, 1905-1907

1977-01-01

Vladimir Ilʹich Lenin

A Quest for the Mechanism of “Spontaneous” Malignant Transformation in Culture With Associated Advances in Culture Technology<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>

1982-06-01

K K Sanford , Virginia J. Evans

The discovery of “spontaneous” malignant transformation of mouse cells in culture raised questions answerable only by obtaining a better control of culture conditions through technologic advances. One of these advances … The discovery of “spontaneous” malignant transformation of mouse cells in culture raised questions answerable only by obtaining a better control of culture conditions through technologic advances. One of these advances was the introduction of cellophane and later glass as a substrate to replace the plasma clot matrix, widely used in tissue culture at that time. Removal of cells from plasma clot and culture under cellophane or on glass not only increased cell yield but also allowed the manipulation of individual cells in suspension. Other advances included the design and technology of three-dimensional substrate cultures, the establishment for the first time of clonal cell populations from single isolated cells, the development of instrumentation and quantitative techniques for measuring cell proliferation, the introduction of the suspension culture of cells of “fixed tissue” origin, and the formulation of serum-free, antibiotic-free, chemically characterized culture media that could support the continuous proliferation of numerous cell lines from different tissues and species. These technologic advances promoted the application of microbial techniques to vertebrate tissue cells, marked the beginning of modern quantitative cell culture, and provided the tools for recent developments in virology, vaccine production, genetics, molecular biology, and other areas of biomedical research. These technologic advances were associated with a quest for an explanation of spontaneous malignant transformation. In this quest it was found that normal tissue cells of various rodent species after prolonged culture in the absence of added carcinogens or viruses and even in serum-free, chemically defined medium undergo malignant transformation. Certain differences between the normal cell and its malignant derivative were identified, and their reliability as in vitro criteria of malignancy was shown. Certain observations support the hypothesis that aberrant methylation of nucleic acids may be a chemical event in carcinogenesis, and methyltransferases were discovered in all RNA retroviruses examined. Three environmental agents were found to enhance or induce malignant transformation: the type of serum used, molecular oxygen, and repeated exposure to low-intensity fluorescent light. All three agents produce chromosomal DNA damage. Experimental results indicate that the DNA damage produced by light results directly or indirectly from the intracellular generation of hydrogen peroxide and/or the derivative free hydroxyl radical. Thus the malignant transformation of rodent cells is not spontaneous but is induced by specific environmental agents that produce chromosomal DNA damage. The progression to malignancy in mouse cells and the susceptibility of human cells to malignant transformation appear to be associated with an impaired capacity to repair the DNA damage produced by these environmental agents.

Is Aleksandr Dugin a Traditionalist?“Neo‐Eurasianism” and Perennial Philosophy

2009-09-10

Антон Шеховцов , Андреас Умланд

Russian Realist Art--The State and Society: The Peredvizhniki and Their Tradition

1978-02-01

Janet Kennedy , Elizabeth Kridl Valkenier

Post-Soviet Perspective On Censorship and Freedom of the Media

2008-08-22

Andrei Richter

/ This article provides an overview of how journalists and the media in the post-Soviet countries are regulated by law, and of how in the sociopolitical structure of a law-based … / This article provides an overview of how journalists and the media in the post-Soviet countries are regulated by law, and of how in the sociopolitical structure of a law-based state their work can be optimized to become a foundation for public accord and stability. The author sees the legal conditions for a free press in the development of mechanisms of journalists' access to information, in the creation of public broadcasting, in the access of political opposition to the public (or state) media, in the denationalization of mass media outlets, etc. Limitations under the pretext of informational sovereignty or the fight against terrorism and political extremism should not undermine ideological and political plurality in the media and society. The article concludes with a comparison of the level of press freedom between all 15 post-Soviet states.

Censorship in Contemporary Russian Journalism in the Age of the War Against Terrorism

2006-05-18

Greg Simons , Dmitry Strovsky

The Russian mass media system has experienced tremendous change since the Soviet era. It has been argued that some similarities still exist between the old Soviet system and the new … The Russian mass media system has experienced tremendous change since the Soviet era. It has been argued that some similarities still exist between the old Soviet system and the new post-Soviet media, such as the practice of self-censorship. Pressure has been mounting on the mass media's level of editorial freedom since the late Yeltsin era, beginning with a raft of new laws introduced under the guise of keeping the media ‘honest’. One contemporary influence constraining and shaping media de velopment is Russia's ‘war on terrorism’. Ever since the infamous apartment bombings of August 1999, over 1000 people have been killed and scores more physically and emotionally scarred by acts of terrorism on Russian soil. The political, social and economic costs have been considerable. Russia's ‘war on terrorism’ has provided the authorities with ample excuses to curtail media reporting, such as protecting the work of the security forces in combating terrorist activity, stopping the spread of terrorist ‘propaganda’ and protecting victims of terrorist acts. Numerous bills have been debated in the Duma on prohibiting activity by the mass media during an incident. Senior representatives from the mass media have been involved in talks with the authorities on the issue and in drawing up industry guidelines for reporting on a terrorist act.

Russia: A Part of Europe or Apart from Europe?

2000-07-01

Vladimir Baranovsky

The controversial framework of interaction between Russia and Europe is defined by some enduring parameters—geographic realities, historical experiences, religious beliefs, normative values, psychological characteristics, behavioural patterns, cultural orientations. The incongruity … The controversial framework of interaction between Russia and Europe is defined by some enduring parameters—geographic realities, historical experiences, religious beliefs, normative values, psychological characteristics, behavioural patterns, cultural orientations. The incongruity between cultural/civilizational and geopolitical identities further complicates Russia's perceptions of, and attitudes to, Europe. Russia's initial pro-Western enthusiasm in the early post-Cold War period was soon overshadowed by serious difficulties in its adaptation to a reduced position in Europe, as well as by numerous grievances with respect to the West. As a result, Russia's attempts to develop a 'pan-European architecture', as well as its policy with regard to multilateral structures operating in continental Europe, have been marked by deeply contradictory patterns of promoting openness towards Europe on the one hand and keeping a certain distance from it on the other. The enlargement of NATO and especially recent NATO military operations in the Balkans have been perceived in Russia not only as confrontational but also as relegating it to the sidelines of European developments. Although Russia's long-awaited transition to the post-Yeltsin era and its new European perspective have been undermined by the war in Chechnya, President Putin's unexpected pro-Westernism (its pragmatism notwithstanding) is a promising sign of rapprochement with Europe.

Iran and Islam. In Memory of the Late Vladimir Minorsky

1975-01-01

Otto Spies , C. Edmund Bosworth

The Concept of Radicalization as a Source of Confusion

2010-09-08

Mark Sedgwick

The ubiquity of use of the term "radicalization" suggests a consensus about its meaning, but this article shows through a review of a variety of definitions that no such consensus … The ubiquity of use of the term "radicalization" suggests a consensus about its meaning, but this article shows through a review of a variety of definitions that no such consensus exists. The article then argues that use of the term is problematic not just for these reasons, but because it is used in three different contexts: the security context, the integration context, and the foreign-policy context. It is argued that each of these contexts has a different agenda, impacted in the case of the integration agenda by the rise of European "neo-nationalism," and so each uses the term "radical" to mean something different. The use of one term to denote at least three different concepts risks serious confusion. The proposed solution is to abandon the attempt to use "radicalization" as an absolute concept.

Coercive diplomacy by the EU: the Iranian nuclear weapons crisis

2007-04-01

Tom Sauer

Abstract The European Union has been the main international actor trying to contain the Iranian nuclear programme. In 2003, for the first time ever, the EU-3 adopted a coercive diplomatic … Abstract The European Union has been the main international actor trying to contain the Iranian nuclear programme. In 2003, for the first time ever, the EU-3 adopted a coercive diplomatic approach vis-à-vis Iran. The current article begins with an analysis of the concept of coercive diplomacy before applying it to the Iranian case. In so doing, the article aims to make an interim assessment of the European (EU-3) effort.

THE ARTIST AS PRODUCER: RUSSIAN CONSTRUCTIVISM IN REVOLUTION

2005-11-01

Norbert Lynton

The Non-Western Political Process

1958-08-01

Lucian W. Pye

Iran and the Boomeranging Cartoon Wars: Can Public Spheres at Risk Ally with Public Spheres Yet to Be Achieved?

2009-01-17

Michael M. J. Fischer

Twelve cartoons, published in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten in September 2005, nine cartoons published in the Tehran newspaper Iran in May 2006, and 282 cartoons curated in Tehran in September … Twelve cartoons, published in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten in September 2005, nine cartoons published in the Tehran newspaper Iran in May 2006, and 282 cartoons curated in Tehran in September 2006 provide a useful case study in the experimentation with new and old media in the transnational circuitry. At stake are the agons, polemos (Greek terms of reference), or luti-jahel-darvish, “Karbala paradigm,” and jumhuri-ye moral struggles (Persian terms of reference) in Iran and the West over creating and protecting robust public spheres and civil societies. Four perspectives are probed: cultural politics; cultural media histories; the emotional excess (jouissance, petit à) of cultural politics; and the deep play mode of aesthetic judgement formed between the practical and ethical, between political economy and expressive art (including political drama), and between individual self-fashioning on the one hand, and on the other hand changing symbolic and social orders.

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DEMOCRACY IN THE INFORMATION AGE: THE ROLE OF THE FOURTH ESTATE IN CYBERSPACE

2001-01-01

Howard Tumber

Journalism faces attack from two areas. From one direction it has to repel the pressures from its new owners, the media conglomerates, that have exacerbated the traditional problems of professional … Journalism faces attack from two areas. From one direction it has to repel the pressures from its new owners, the media conglomerates, that have exacerbated the traditional problems of professional news. From another, new forms of political and government communication with the public are emerging. The Internet is displacing the journalistic role of providing information and interpretation for the citizen. This article assesses the future for journalism within the public sphere and asks whether journalism can perform its normative functions in the digital age.

Conspiracy Narratives as a Mode of Engagement in International Politics: The Case of the 2008 Russo‐Georgian War

2012-09-03

Richard Sakwa

With the decline in traditional forms of structured ideological contestation in the post‐Cold War era, the role of conspiracy theories as a form of political discourse has been accentuated. The … With the decline in traditional forms of structured ideological contestation in the post‐Cold War era, the role of conspiracy theories as a form of political discourse has been accentuated. The burgeoning literature on the subjects reflects the declining symbolic efficiency of the metanarratives of modernity. There is a long tradition of conspiracy theories in Russia, which has been intensified in recent years as a result of the tribulations following the collapse of communism. Cognate forms of conspiracy narratives represent broader social constructions of reality, and structure representations of national identity. In the Russo‐Georgian War of August 2008 various conspiracy narratives have taken the place of mythic representations, and the conflict on the battlefield has been accompanied by the clash of several major narratives. A similar process was firmly at work in the Balkan wars of the 1990s. In the case of the Caucasus, three main conspiracy theories, with endless subplots and details, have shaped narratives of events: A Russian version, a Georgian one, and a dominant Western one. The three intersect at various points, but differ in both detail and substance. The three reflect central paradigms of contemporary international politics, and thus the war has exposed the deeper substrata of geopolitical visions and a nascent revival of bloc politics.

THE TREND OF SCOTTISH INTELLIGENCE

1950-02-01

Cyril Burt

Justice from Underground: The History of the Underground Advokatura

1993-07-01

William E. Pomeranz

The Judicial Reforms of 1864 have long been recognized as a major turning point in Russian history. Not only did they represent the first legal limitation on the absolute power … The Judicial Reforms of 1864 have long been recognized as a major turning point in Russian history. Not only did they represent the first legal limitation on the absolute power of the autocracy, they also established, despite numerous obstacles, some of prerevolutionary Russia's most durable liberal institutions: the jury, the independent judiciary, and the legal (advokatura). Without question these reforms had a profound impact on Russian society, yet at the same time it must be emphasized that the Judicial Reforms did not, as is sometimes suggested, symbolize the instant transformation of the entire Russian judicial system. In reality these reforms took more than thirty years to implement-Omsk and Tashkent did not come under their jurisdiction until 1898-and even in the districts where the reforms were introduced, remnants of the pre-1864 legal system survived and prospered. One of the main paradoxes of tsarist Russia's legal development, therefore, was that pre-1864 legal traditions and institutions continued to influence Russia's emerging legal consciousness long after the Judicial Reforms had been implemented. The peasant volost' courts provide the best-known example of this phenomenon. By restricting peasants to their prereform local courts and keeping them subject to peasant customary law, the autocracy removed approximately 80 percent of the population from the jurisdiction of the reformed courts. The courts were not the only judicial institution, however, that continued to be influenced by its prereform past. The advokatura-the established Bar-faced a similar predicament; before it could establish its professional supremacy, it had to confront the descendants of the prereform legal profession. Prior to 1864, Russia's legal practitioners-commonly known as the striapchie (scriveners)-existed as an amorphous mass, an absolutely free profession as one commentator later called it, where every citizen not specifically forbidden by law had the right to serve as a legal representative in court.l In sharp contrast, the Judicial Reforms created a new

Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2022

2022-01-01

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Normative Models of Digital Journalism

2016-01-01

Daniel Kreiss , J. Scott Brennen

The Iranian Nuclear Negotiations as a Two-Level Game: The Importance of Domestic Politics

2016-07-02

Steve Hurst

In July 2015, after more than a decade of negotiations, the international community and Iran finally reached agreement over Iran’s nuclear programme. All of the work that produced the Joint … In July 2015, after more than a decade of negotiations, the international community and Iran finally reached agreement over Iran’s nuclear programme. All of the work that produced the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action [JCPOA] was nearly undone, however, by the United States Congress, which came close to killing the agreement. This episode emphasises the fact that international negotiations are “two-level games” in which policy-makers must take into account not only their own objectives and those of their interlocutors but also the interests of domestic constituencies if they are to secure the “ratification” of an agreement. In many cases, securing the consent of those constituencies is unproblematic, whether because the matter at hand is uncontroversial, domestic interests are disengaged, or policy-makers have sufficient autonomy from them to ignore their objections. In other cases, however, the domestic game can play a huge part in determining the eventual outcome of the negotiating process. As the intensity of the debate within the United States in 2015 and the narrowness of the margin by which the JCPOA survived suggest, the American–Iranian dimension of the nuclear negotiations falls into the latter category.

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Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 2022

2022-01-01

Orr Dunkelman , Stefan Dziembowski , Sönmez Meltem +7 more

CURRENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE OF GROWING MEDIA IN EUROPE

2012-09-01

Nazim S. Gruda

Soft Power: The Concept and Approaches

2017-06-01

Марина Лебедева

The article examines the correlation of two concepts: «soft power» and «propaganda» in International Relations. The author argues that within realism these concepts are used synonymously, but within neoliberalism they … The article examines the correlation of two concepts: «soft power» and «propaganda» in International Relations. The author argues that within realism these concepts are used synonymously, but within neoliberalism they have fundamental differences. The parameters of comparison of the neoliberal and realistic approaches are given with reference to the concept of soft power. It is noted that, despite the differences between these approaches and between the concepts of hard power and soft power, the opposition of the concepts is not an absolute one. Soft power and hard power, according to J. Nye, can be represented as a continuum. Similarly, propaganda and soft power can also merge into one another. It is shown that, contrary to the widespread notion that the field of application determines the choice between soft and hard power (for example, education, culture are associated with soft power), in fact it does not. The coercive imposition of cultural norms, educational models is a manifestation of hard power. One of the most common tools for implementation of soft power is public diplomacy, which can be carried out through both official channels (public speeches of officials) and informal channels (NGOs, universities, etc.). It is emphasized that non-state actors can be agents of states’ soft power. There are also a number of other features of soft power that must be considered. Among them are such characteristics as specificity of a region and a country; competition in soft power of different countries in the same region; negative consequences of the use of soft power and others.

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Iran's Defense Strategy: The Navy, Ballistic Missiles and Cyberspace

2017-09-01

Gawdat Bahgat , Anoushiravan Ehteshami

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The Law in the Conditions of Digital Reality

2017-12-19

Талия Хабриева , Taliya Khabriyeva , Николай Черногор +1 more

Стремительный рост объемов информации, формирование колоссальных информационных массивов и баз данных, интенсивное развитие цифровых технологий, их широкое внедрение в различные сферы общественной жизни, опосредование ими все большего количества областей и … Стремительный рост объемов информации, формирование колоссальных информационных массивов и баз данных, интенсивное развитие цифровых технологий, их широкое внедрение в различные сферы общественной жизни, опосредование ими все большего количества областей и видов социального взаимодействия, деятельности государственных и общественных институтов являются значимым фактором развития современного общества, формирующим новую, «цифровую» реальность.В условиях новой реальности право становится не только средством, инструментом, обеспечивающим цифровизацию экономики, управления и других сегментов социального бытия, но и объектом воздействия «цифровизации», в результате которого оно претерпевает изменения своей формы, содержания, системы, структуры, механизма действия и демонстрирует тенденцию к усилению наметившихся трансформаций

Digital identity – From emergent legal concept to new reality

2018-07-28

Clare Sullivan

Citizen-Led Justice in Post-Communist Russia: From Comrades’ Courts to Dotcomrade Vigilantism

2018-10-12

Rashid Gabdulhakov

This paper aims to provide a theoretical conceptualization of digital vigilantism in its manifestation in the Russian Federation where cases do not emerge spontaneously, but are institutionalized, highly organized, and … This paper aims to provide a theoretical conceptualization of digital vigilantism in its manifestation in the Russian Federation where cases do not emerge spontaneously, but are institutionalized, highly organized, and systematic. Given the significant historical context of collective justice under Communism, the current manifestation of digital vigilantism in Russia raises questions about whether it is an example of re-packaged history backed with collective memory or a natural outspread of conventional practices to social networks. This paper reviews historical practices of citizen-led justice in the Soviet state and compares these practices with digital vigilantism that takes place in contemporary post-Communist Russia. The paper argues that despite new affordances that digital media and social networks brought about in the sphere of citizen-led justice, the role of the state in manifesting this justice in the Russian Federation remains significant. At the same time, with technological advances, certain key features of these practices, such as participants, their motives, capacity, targets, and audience engagement have undergone a significant evolution.

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Double Trouble: Trump, Transatlantic Relations and European Strategic Autonomy

2019-09-01

Lisbeth Aggestam , Adrian Hyde‐Price

Iran’s Military Strategy

2019-11-02

Ajili Hadi , Mahsa Rouhi

From Iran’s perspective, relaxing its regional activities would not ensure that its adversaries would stop trying to weaken or change its regime. From Iran’s perspective, relaxing its regional activities would not ensure that its adversaries would stop trying to weaken or change its regime.

Bipolar Rivalry in the Early Digital Age

2020-01-01

Yan Xuetong

Abstract The year 2019 saw the curtain rise on a US–China bipolar rivalry quite different from the Cold War US–Soviet bipolarity. The fundamental difference between the current bipolar rivalry and … Abstract The year 2019 saw the curtain rise on a US–China bipolar rivalry quite different from the Cold War US–Soviet bipolarity. The fundamental difference between the current bipolar rivalry and that during the Cold War is that ideology is no longer the main engine driving international competition, but rather the new digital dimension of strategic competition that is emerging between the United States and China. Technological advancement over the past 15 years has led world history’s entry into the early digital age. The development of digital technology has created new ways of protecting national security, of accumulating national wealth, and of obtaining international support. Cybersecurity is becoming the core of national security and the share of digital economy in major powers’ gross domestic product dramatically increases. For the leading powers, strategic competition in cyberspace in this early digital age outstrips to a crucial extent that within physical geographic boundaries. This article observes that Cold War mentality and digital mentality will have mixed impact on foreign policy-making in the digital age, and that interactions between the nations whose foreign policy is simultaneously influenced by both mentalities will shape the emerging international order into one of uneasy peace, where there is no direct war and few proxy wars. It will rather be a scenario reflecting the dark side of globalization and downside of global governance, evident in the violation of agreements, double dealing, cyber-attacks, and technology decoupling between states. Although further digital advancement will indeed change international politics in ever more aspects, US–China bipolar configuration will nevertheless remain in place for at least for two decades, or perhaps longer.

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Digital Democracy, Social Media and Disinformation

2020-11-19

Petros Iosifidis , Nicholas Nicoli

Digital Democracy, Social Media and Disinformation discusses some of the political, regulatory and technological issues which arise from the increased power of internet intermediaries (such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube) … Digital Democracy, Social Media and Disinformation discusses some of the political, regulatory and technological issues which arise from the increased power of internet intermediaries (such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube) and the impact of the spread of digital disinformation, especially in the midst of a health pandemic. The volume provides a detailed account of the main areas surrounding digital democracy, disinformation and fake news, freedom of expression and post-truth politics. It addresses the major theoretical and regulatory concepts of digital democracy and the 'network society' before offering potential socio-political and technological solutions to the fight against disinformation and fake news. These solutions include self-regulation, rebuttals and myth-busting, news literacy, policy recommendations, awareness and communication strategies and the potential of recent technologies such as the blockchain and public interest algorithms to counter disinformation. After addressing what has currently been done to combat disinformation and fake news, the volume argues that digital disinformation needs to be identified as a multifaceted problem, one that requires multiple approaches to resolve. Governments, regulators, think tanks, the academy and technology providers need to take more steps to better shape the next internet with as little digital disinformation as possible by means of a regional analysis. In this context, two cases concerning Russia and Ukraine are presented regarding disinformation and the ways it was handled. Written in a clear and direct style, this volume will appeal to students and researchers within the social sciences, computer science, law and business studies, as well as policy makers engaged in combating what constitutes one of the most pressing issues of the digital age.

The rise of digital constitutionalism in the European Union

2021-01-01

Giovanni De Gregorio

Abstract In the last twenty years, the policy of the European Union in the field of digital technologies has shifted from a liberal economic perspective to a constitution-oriented approach. This … Abstract In the last twenty years, the policy of the European Union in the field of digital technologies has shifted from a liberal economic perspective to a constitution-oriented approach. This change of heart has resulted primarily from the rise of the information society which has created not only new opportunities but also challenges to fundamental rights and democratic values. Even more importantly, this technological framework driven by liberal ideas has empowered transnational corporations operating in the digital environment to perform quasi-public functions on a global scale. This article analyzes the path and the reasons that have led the European Union to enter a new phase of modern constitutionalism (i.e. digital constitutionalism). The primary goal of this article is to describe the characteristics of this new constitutional phase opposing platform powers, and to outline the potential evolution of European digital constitutionalism in the global context.

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Human rights in the digital age: Challenges, threats and prospects

2021-03-24

Oleksandr V. Petryshyn , O Hyliaka

The current stage of development of public relations is described by a rapid increase in digital technologies. Intensive development of science and active technological progress have become the main characteristic … The current stage of development of public relations is described by a rapid increase in digital technologies. Intensive development of science and active technological progress have become the main characteristic features of modern society. This has affected the specific features of people’s lives in society, the exercise of their rights and freedoms, and has become a catalyst for the development of a new category of human rights – “digital” rights. The purpose of the study is to analyse the main threats and challenges facing human rights and freedoms in the context of digitalisation, and to develop proposals on promising ways to protect against these threats. The study conducts a theoretical and legal research of problematic issues of the implementation of human rights in the context of mass digitalisation of public relations, indicates that the era of digital technologies provides completely new and qualitatively different opportunities for their implementation, but at the same time it creates new challenges and threats to ensure these rights and freedoms. It is noted that classical human rights and freedoms are being transformed, filled with new aspects and content, and branched out into those that are related to the digitalisation process. The results of digitalisation of many spheres of life require comprehension and adequate formulation of the legal mechanism for regulating, implementing, protecting the already existing and emerging human rights for the purpose of sustainable socioeconomic development, ensuring the implementation and protection of constitutional human and civil rights and freedoms. The study focuses on new rights such as the right to be forgotten, the right to anonymity, the right to protect personal data, the right to digital education and access to digital knowledge; rights related to the protection of genetic information; rights to take part in property turnover in the digital sphere

Taming the few: Platform regulation, independent audits, and the risks of capture created by the DMA and DSA

2021-10-28

Johann Laux , Sandra Wachter , Brent Mittelstadt

In its attempt to better regulate the platform economy, the European Commission recently proposed a Digital Markets Act (DMA) and a Digital Services Act (DSA). While the DMA addresses worries … In its attempt to better regulate the platform economy, the European Commission recently proposed a Digital Markets Act (DMA) and a Digital Services Act (DSA). While the DMA addresses worries about digital markets not functioning properly, the DSA is concerned with societal harms stemming from the dissemination of (illegal) content on platforms. Both proposals focus on the relative size of platforms. The DMA applies to 'gatekeeper' platforms and the DSA has a special regime of scrutiny for 'very large online platforms' (VLOPs). Focusing on size, however, can have negative consequences for the enforcement of the DSA: First, risks disseminated by platforms below the VLOP-threshold reside in a regulatory blind spot. Second, VLOPs may leverage their market power against their new mandatory auditors and risk assessors, a threat theorised as 'audit capture' in this article. As a result, societal risks may remain undiscovered or downplayed and consumers and citizens may be harmed. This article traces the origin of the size criteria in the legislative history of the DMA and DSA proposals. It argues for safeguards against audit capture and adverse incentive structures in the DSA. The article draws on the debate on audit reform in the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2007–2008 to provide blueprints for fixing the regulatory gap.

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Eu search for regulatory answers to crypto assets and their place in the financial markets’ infrastructure

2021-11-01

Agata Ferreira , Philipp Sandner

Crypto assets are no longer a niche topic for geeks but an important trend in financial markets and an uprising asset class. This is due to technological advancements, spike in … Crypto assets are no longer a niche topic for geeks but an important trend in financial markets and an uprising asset class. This is due to technological advancements, spike in token issuances, and Facebook's Libra project, now called Diem, among other things. Many potential benefits of crypto assets for the financial sector are widely recognized, including cost savings, improved efficiency and transparency. The rapid growth of the crypto assets ecosystem has intensified the focus of regulators. They are challenged to provide an adequate response, protect investors and customers, and mitigate risks while fostering technological development. Currently, at the EU-wide level, there is a regulatory gap, which contributes to legal uncertainty and weak investor protection. Several European jurisdictions have been proactive and successfully designed their own national regulatory solutions to crypto assets. Many European and international supervisory and regulatory bodies contributed to the debate and issued reports, analysis and statements highlighting risks and making regulatory recommendations. The European Commission took the first steps to assume its competence over all crypto assets within the EU and, after a comprehensive review of the entire crypto assets ecosystem, issued a proposal for a regulation on markets in crypto assets. This paper evaluates the EU's current regulatory approach to crypto assets against the background of the views and reports of several advisory and supervisory bodies and international organizations and against market developments.

Lonely Ideas

2013-01-01

Loren R. Graham

An expert investigates Russia's long history of technological invention followed by commercial failure and points to new opportunities to break the pattern. When have you gone into an electronics store, … An expert investigates Russia's long history of technological invention followed by commercial failure and points to new opportunities to break the pattern. When have you gone into an electronics store, picked up a desirable gadget, and found that it was labeled “Made in Russia”? Probably never. Russia, despite its epic intellectual achievements in music, literature, art, and pure science, is a negligible presence in world technology. Despite its current leaders' ambitions to create a knowledge economy, Russia is economically dependent on gas and oil. In Lonely Ideas, Loren Graham investigates Russia's long history of technological invention followed by failure to commercialize and implement.For three centuries, Graham shows, Russia has been adept at developing technical ideas but abysmal at benefiting from them. From the seventeenth-century arms industry through twentieth-century Nobel-awarded work in lasers, Russia has failed to sustain its technological inventiveness. Graham identifies a range of conditions that nurture technological innovation: a society that values inventiveness and practicality; an economic system that provides investment opportunities; a legal system that protects intellectual property; a political system that encourages innovation and success. Graham finds Russia lacking on all counts. He explains that Russia's failure to sustain technology, and its recurrent attempts to force modernization, reflect its political and social evolution and even its resistance to democratic principles.But Graham points to new connections between Western companies and Russian researchers, new research institutions, a national focus on nanotechnology, and the establishment of Skolkovo, “a new technology city.” Today, he argues, Russia has the best chance in its history to break its pattern of technological failure.

Current digest of the Soviet press

1989-06-01

Analytical aspects of anti-crisis measures of public administration

2023-01-24

Tatyana Miroshnikova , Irina Kirichenko , Saurav Dixit

The study of crises is one of the most important areas of economic science. Sanctions against Russia in 2022 have led to significant functional and structural shifts in the national … The study of crises is one of the most important areas of economic science. Sanctions against Russia in 2022 have led to significant functional and structural shifts in the national economy. Effective anti-crisis management in crisis conditions becomes one of the main directions of its overcoming in Russian economy. The issues of improving the mechanism of crisis management at the present historical stage are actualised. The purpose is study of anti-crisis management methods for the development of an effective anti-crisis mechanism. Objectives is to study the existing methods of anti-crisis management in the light of international experience. The authors used methods of analysis, synthesis and comparison, and abstract-logical method in the research. The analytical method of information processing, synthesis and deduction of theoretical aspects of the concept of crisis and crisis management was carried out. A study of methods of crisis management, considering international experience, systematization and analysis of existing principles of state crisis management of the economy was carried out. The content and role of modern methods of crisis management deserves special attention. In the context of the sanctions announced against Russia, it is necessary to develop more advanced approaches to crisis management. The model of the anti-crisis mechanism for building an effective management system in the country’s economy is considered.

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Review of the book “The Performances of Marsel Salimzhanov” by Iltani Iskhakovna Ilyalova (Kazan: Zaman publishing house, 2024. 400 p.: il.)

2025-06-24

Aigul Salikhova | Tatarica

The article examines the theatre scholar I. Ilyalova’s book, dedicated to the performances of Marsel Salimzhanov and published on the 90th anniversary of the outstanding director. It highlights the importance … The article examines the theatre scholar I. Ilyalova’s book, dedicated to the performances of Marsel Salimzhanov and published on the 90th anniversary of the outstanding director. It highlights the importance and timeliness of Marsel Salimzhanov’s work. He was the leader of the national theatre art for 36 years, directing performances of the famous theatre named after G. Kamal, and created dozens of performances, many of them are in the golden fund of Tatar culture. The book contains numerous articles and reviews by various authors, published in the periodical press of that time, and excerpts from popular science monographs. Thus, it presents different points of view, pluralism of opinions and a broad historical context. At the same time, the strictly chronological principle of organizing the material helps to present the legacy of the director in its entity and trace his creative evolution.

Artsakh’s Settlements And Infrastructure: Target Of Azerbaijani Aggression During The 2020 War

2025-06-24

Iskuhi N. Avanesyan | Journal of Armenian studies

Once again, made by Azerbaijan, we witnessed crimes during the military operations against Artsakh in 2020. The 44-day war was marked by widespread breaches of international law, deliberate attacks on … Once again, made by Azerbaijan, we witnessed crimes during the military operations against Artsakh in 2020. The 44-day war was marked by widespread breaches of international law, deliberate attacks on civilian infrastructure and cultural monuments, the use of prohibited weapons, and other war crimes. This resulted in thousands of casualties, tens of thousands of wounded and displaced individuals, and extensive destruction. During the 44-day war, Azerbaijani armed forces launched systematic and coordinated attacks on nearly all settlements in Artsakh, targeting residential houses, public buildings, and educational institutions. From the very first day of the war, Azerbaijan launched relentless shelling and bombing campaigns on Stepanakert and multiple communities across Askeran, Martuni, Hadrut, Martakert, Karvachar, and Kashatagh districts. Thousands of civilians were left homeless as their apartments and houses were either destroyed or rendered uninhabitable. Throughout the war, more than 170 peaceful settlements were targeted using aircraft, heavy artillery, rockets, and tanks. Throughout the entire 44-day war, Azerbaijan’s military-political leadership, while continuing to commit war crimes, deliberately and periodically targeted key civilian infrastructure across Artsakh, including power, communication, gas and water supply systems, bridges, and food storage facilities. Since September 27, the telephone and Internet network has been another deliberate target. First, Azerbaijani hackers caused serious problems in the communication system for several days, resulting in tens of thousands of civilians being unable to communicate for long periods. Schools, kindergartens, shops and other facilities were also targeted. During the war, the key infrastructure, including roads and bridges, was heavily damaged. Major roads, particularly those connecting Stepanakert with neighboring villages, as well as inter-district and inter-community roads, were targeted. These attacks clearly violated the principle of distinction between civilian and military targets, demonstrating that Azerbaijan's strikes were deliberate and targeted in nature, further confirming the intentionality of the war crimes committed during the September 2020 conflict. Մարդկության և իրավահավասարության դեմ ուղղված հանցագործությունները շարունակում են սպառնալիք մնալ աշխարհի խաղաղությանն ու անվտանգությանը։ Նման հանցագործություններն ի հայտ եկան նաև 2020 թ․ Արցախի դեմ Ադրբեջանի վարած պատերազմական գործո-ղությունների ընթացքում։ 44-օրյա պատերազմը, որն ուղեկցվում էր Ադրբեջանի կողմից միջազգային իրավունքների լայնածավալ խախտումներով, քաղաքացիական ենթակառուցվածքների և մշակութային հուշարձանների միտումնավոր թիրախավորմամբ, արգելված զինատեսակների կիրառմամբ և պատերազմական այլ հանցագործություններով, հանգեցրեց հազարավոր զոհերի և տասնյակ հազարավոր վիրավորների, տեղահանումների և ավերածությունների։ Պատերազմի հետևանքով Արցախի մի շարք շրջաններ ենթարկվեցին էթնիկ զտման, իսկ բնակչությունը դարձավ Ադրբեջանի կողմից իրականացված ռազմական հանցագործությունների և զանգվածային ոճրագործությունների զոհ: Սույն հոդվածը նպատակ ունի վերհանելու 2020 թ․ պատերազմի ժամանակ Ադրբեջանի զինված ուժերի հանցագործությունները՝ Արցախի Հանրապետության բնակավայրերն ու ենթակառուցվածքները նպատակային և կանխամտածված թիրախավորումը։ Կատարված ուսումնասիրությունները վկայում վկայում են, որ մեզ հետաքրքող ժամանակահատվածում տարբեր շրջանների քաղաքացիական կառույցներ, բնակելի թաղամասեր, տներ հայտնաբերելու, թիրախավորելու և ոչնչացնելու, ինչպես նաև խաղաղ բնակչության շրջանում վախի մթնոլորտ ստեղծելու նպատակով Ադրբեջանը կիրառել է ունեցած բոլոր զինատեսակները, այդ թվում արգելված տեսակներ։ Կարելի է պնդել, որ Ադրբեջանի զինված ուժերի միտումնավոր և պարբերաբար հարվածումը քաղաքացիական ենթակառուցվածքների առանցքային օբյեկտներին (էլեկտրականության, կապի, գազի և ջրամատակարարման համակարգեր, կամուրջներ, սննդի պահեստներ և այլն) նպատակ ուներ տասնյակ հազարավոր խաղաղ բնակիչների զրկել կյանքի տարրական պայմաններից և հետագա գոյատևման միջոցներից: Ադրբեջանի ռազմական հանցագործություններն ունեցել են համակարգված բնույթ և դրա հիմքում ընկած է եղել նաև խաղաղ բնակչությանն իրենց տներից պարտադրաբար հեռացնելու որոշում:

Terms of service of social media platforms

2025-06-24

Przemysław Pałka | Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks

The world of the Tatar theatre in the drawings of its director Prazat Isanbet

2025-06-24

R. R. Sultanova | Tatarica

Isanbet Prazat Nakievich (1927-2001) was an actor, director, People’s Artist of the TASSR (1981), Honoured Artist of the RSFSR (1986). The article systematizes information about him as a talented artist. … Isanbet Prazat Nakievich (1927-2001) was an actor, director, People’s Artist of the TASSR (1981), Honoured Artist of the RSFSR (1986). The article systematizes information about him as a talented artist. Our analysis is based on his 57 drawings, grotesques (from French - caricatures) and caricatures. In these drawings, Prazat Isanbet depicted the main events of theatrical life. This is a kind of visual drama, scenes of authentic theatrical life. To convey the characteristic features of his images, he relied on a geometric shape with stable associations related to the inner world of the portrayed people.

The image of Kayum Nasyri in the world of Tatar theatre and cinema

2025-06-24

Gulnara F. Zamaletdinova , Gülüse AKSOY | Tatarica

Nasyrov Gabdelkayum Gabdennasyrovich (Kayum Nasyri) (2 [14] February 1825 - 20 August 1902) was an outstanding scientist, writer and educator of the 19 th century, the author of more than … Nasyrov Gabdelkayum Gabdennasyrovich (Kayum Nasyri) (2 [14] February 1825 - 20 August 1902) was an outstanding scientist, writer and educator of the 19 th century, the author of more than 60 scientific and translated works on philology, folklore, pedagogy, fiction, mathematics, history, geography, astronomy, etc., the creator of the first textbooks in the Tatar language on various branches of science. He was a graduate of the madrasah at the Fifth Cathedral Mosque (1841-1855), a teacher of the Tatar language at the Kazan Theological School (Kazan Theological Semi-nary, 1855-1871), the founder and teacher of the Russian-Tatar school for boys in Kazan (1871-1876), a full member of the Society of Archeology, History and Ethnography at Kazan University (1885-1902). The central street of Kazan, located in the historical district of Staro-Tatarskaya Sloboda, is named after K. Nasyri. In 1995, the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Tatarstan established the K. Nasyri Prize, which is awarded in the field of education and the implementation of the pedagogical heritage of the scientist-educator. In 2014, the Scientific and Educational Center “Kayum Nasyri Institute” was established on the basis of Kazan Federal University. In 2025, the Bank of Russia issued a commemorative silver coin dedicated to K. Nasyri.

A new book about the khan of the musical state (review of the popular science collection “Ilham Shakirov”, published by the “Zhyen” foundation)

2025-06-24

Çulpan ZARİPOVA ÇETİN , Gökhan Yilmaz | Tatarica

The article is a review of a popular science collection about the legendary Tatar singer Ilham Shakirov. We evaluate biographical, literary and popular science materials presented in the book. The article is a review of a popular science collection about the legendary Tatar singer Ilham Shakirov. We evaluate biographical, literary and popular science materials presented in the book.

Некоторые сведения из Актов Кавказской Археографической Комиссии о южных осетинах (К вопросу наследия А.П. Берже)

2025-06-22

В.Д. Дзидзоев | Вестник Владикавказского научного центра

В статье рассматривается деятельность известного ученого Адольфа Петровича Берже во время его пребывания на Кавказе. Здесь А. Берже занимал ряд престижных должностей, но в первую очередь активно занимался исторической наукой. … В статье рассматривается деятельность известного ученого Адольфа Петровича Берже во время его пребывания на Кавказе. Здесь А. Берже занимал ряд престижных должностей, но в первую очередь активно занимался исторической наукой. Ему принадлежит особая заслуга в создании уникального на- учного проекта под названием Акты Кавказской Археографической Комиссии, где собраны в высшей степени интересные сведения о народах Кавказа, их культуре и традициях. Всего было издано 12 томов, которыми до сих пор пользуются уче- ные-кавказоведы. The article examines the scientific activity of the famous foreign scientist Adolf Petrovich Berger, who became a talented representative of Russian historical science while staying in the Caucasus for a long time. Here, Adolphe Berger held a number of prestigious positions, but primarily engaged in historical science. He is particularly credited with creating a unique scientific project called the Acts of the Caucasian Archaeological Commission, which contains highly interesting information about the peoples of the Caucasus, their culture and traditions. A total of 12 volumes were published, which are still used with great success by Caucasian scholars.

Исторические корни ирано-иракского противостояния

2025-06-22

Irina V. Lokhova , С.А. Кокоев | Вестник Владикавказского научного центра

Статья посвящена анализу многовекового противостояния, кото- рое вылилось в кровопролитную восьмилетнюю Ирано-Иракскую войну 1980–1988 гг. Основное внимание уделяется причинам и предпосылкам, которые напрямую связаны с международной обстановкой на всем Ближнем … Статья посвящена анализу многовекового противостояния, кото- рое вылилось в кровопролитную восьмилетнюю Ирано-Иракскую войну 1980–1988 гг. Основное внимание уделяется причинам и предпосылкам, которые напрямую связаны с международной обстановкой на всем Ближнем Востоке. Рассмотрев исторические корни возникновения противоречий, авторы выявили, что обостре- ние имело ряд причин, но не последнюю роль в этом сыграл третий участник, который, преследуя свои геополитические интересы, подталкивал обе стороны к открытому вооруженному конфликту. Проведенное исследование позволило зна- чительно дополнить и расширить картину ирано-иракского конфликта и прийти к выводу, что окончание войны не поставило точку в этом противостоянии и от- ношения между этими странами продолжают оставаться напряженными. The article is devoted to the analysis of the age-old conflict that resulted in the bloody eight-year Iran-Iraq war in 1980-1988. The main focus is on the causes and prerequisites directly related to the international situation in the entire Middle East. Having considered the historical roots of the confrontation, it was revealed that the escalation had multiple causes, with a significant role played by a third party that, pursuing his geopolitical interests, pushed both sides to an open armed conflict.The study made has significantly supplemented and expanded the understanding of the Iran-Iraq conflict, leading to the conclusion that the end of the war did not mark the end of this confrontation, and relations between the two countries remain tense to present.

Essential characteristics reflecting the patterns of public administration of the sociopolitical sphere

2025-06-21

И Г Чистобородов | Sociopolitical sciences

In the presented article, the author examines the essential characteristics reflecting the patterns of public administration of the socio-political sphere. It denotes the subjects of management – government agencies and … In the presented article, the author examines the essential characteristics reflecting the patterns of public administration of the socio-political sphere. It denotes the subjects of management – government agencies and the object of management – people, their communities, public opinion and joint activities. The researcher argues that the effectiveness of the management impact does not always depend on the choice of management methods. The management goal that must be achieved is of paramount importance. There may be cases when the management goal coincides with the goals of the activities of people and their associations, and then it is much easier to obtain the necessary management result than in cases where they do not coincide. To illustrate this statement, the work provides examples reflecting the facts that the socio-political sphere can react differently to the management impact exerted on it. Specific events occurring in the international arena confirm the assertion that in the event of a mismatch of goals, the management result is quite difficult to predict. At the same time, the world historical events cited by the author as examples emphasize the arguments for the need for a high-quality study of the socio-political sphere in order to acquire the ability to predict the results of influence on it based on the identified patterns. At the same time, within the framework of the article, the author argues that the socio-political sphere is not only capable of perceiving the impact exerted on it, but also itself influences the policy of the state. Based on the analysis of such events as “reaction”, “pendulum”, “black swan” and “bifurcation point”, he formulated essential characteristics reflecting the patterns of change in the situation in the socio-political sphere.

Causes and nature of changes in modern warfare

2025-06-21

Dmitry V. Kazakov | Sociopolitical sciences

The purpose of this article is to survey the approaches to analyzing the primary causes of the transformation of warfare in modern conditions, characterized by transition to a new technological … The purpose of this article is to survey the approaches to analyzing the primary causes of the transformation of warfare in modern conditions, characterized by transition to a new technological paradigm in which digitalization, in conjunction with nano-, bio-, cognitive, and social technologies, plays a leading role. Digitalization generates transformation of warfare, affecting both its classical and non-classical forms. This factor intersects with the contest among globalization projects, within which the primary belligerents are subjects of globalization opposing subjects of nation-states and local civilizations.

Modes of the miraculous in soviet film tales and cartoons of the 1930s

2025-06-21

MARIA LIUTAEVA , Olga V. Garkina | Sociopolitical sciences

The ability to be surprised and label unique, contradictory, but axiologically valuable phenomena as “miracle”, “miraculous” is a stable phenomenon of human existence. The concept of “miracle”, having religious connotations, … The ability to be surprised and label unique, contradictory, but axiologically valuable phenomena as “miracle”, “miraculous” is a stable phenomenon of human existence. The concept of “miracle”, having religious connotations, often acting as the basis of faith in theistic religions, can also be interpreted as one of the ways to rationalize the mysterious and the unknown, understood very broadly. The subject of this research is the problem of interpretation and representation of the “miraculous” in Soviet film tales and animation of the 1930s. In the context of plans to build a non-religious society within the framework of the overall project of the “cultural revolution”, there are: 1) the legitimacy of the miracle in the fairy-tale and folklore material, the construction of the Soviet New Year’s Holiday; 2) the use of the miraculous as an artistic device serving educational purposes in the socialist reality, emphasizing disbelief in supernatural miracles, but relying on systematic and purposeful activity, struggle, work, skill, ingenuity, good deeds; 3) the mode of perception of the miraculous is technological achievements in cinema, which are self-valuable in the context of the development of this art form, and are subordinated to the tasks of creating a magical fairy-tale world, and enhance the mirativity (i.e., positive emotional and evaluative effect of admiration) to achieve ideological goals.

Milestones and main stages of F.A. Stepun’s philosophical quest

2025-06-21

Marina A. Sharova | Sociopolitical sciences

The purpose of the research. The article is devoted to a brief overview of the philosophical and socio-political views of F.A. Stepun: in the pre-revolutionary and emigrant periods of his … The purpose of the research. The article is devoted to a brief overview of the philosophical and socio-political views of F.A. Stepun: in the pre-revolutionary and emigrant periods of his life. In the first stage of his work, the conceptual basis of the neo-Kantian theory of culture is traced. The philosopher’s views were aimed at finding the basic values of life, introducing the individual and society to truth, goodness, beauty, freedom, and spiritual self-improvement. The second period of Stepun’s life is associated with a deep analysis of the socio-political processes taking place in Soviet Russia, the need to understand the origins and causes of the Russian revolution as a deeply national phenomenon, but not shifting responsibility to external circumstances. He believed that understanding the meaning of the Russian revolution was impossible without understanding its national and religious roots. Thinker compare Russia and Germany in the period of most acute political crisis, with the coming to power of authoritarian leaders, analyzing the processes of the second world war, tried to find a way out of catastrophism era panslavism peoples. F.A. Stepun focused on the spiritual component of Russian Orthodox culture, saw the way out of the ideological crisis in a unified history of the peoples, drawing on the traditions of Russia.

Communicative, ideological and expert-analytical aspects of Government Relations (GR) in the structure of modern corporations

2025-06-21

V. V. Zubov | Sociopolitical sciences

This article is dedicated to understanding and detailed characterization of the current state of the GR institute in the Russian corporate sector from the perspectives of communicative, ideological and expert-analytical … This article is dedicated to understanding and detailed characterization of the current state of the GR institute in the Russian corporate sector from the perspectives of communicative, ideological and expert-analytical aspects. Using such methods as block analysis, comparison and juxtaposition, case study method, formal legal approach, the author explores GR communication technologies and channels, as well as identifies analytical and expert GR technologies. It is noted that the main communicative technologies used both in GR and in politics in general are persuasion, suggestion, imitation, and contagion. The article highlights problematic areas developed in PR campaigns within the framework of government-business relations: 1) creation of a high-quality information product; 2) image formation; 3) engagement with opinion leaders; 4) counteraction to attempts at informational discreditation. Attention is drawn to such unique features of network communications that should be taken into account when conducting PR campaigns in the interests of GR strategy, such as audience targeting and the development of non-hierarchical (horizontal) communications. It is proved that the basis for the GR strategy of major corporate sector players is the company’s ideology, which is largely determined by corporate culture – values, traditions, formalized norms of behavior, corporate style, corporate communications, irrational component, communication policy, corporate social responsibility and value proposition for employees. The conclusion summarizes the results of the study, briefly reflects the main directions for building communicative technologies in GR projects, GR channels in the context of mass political communications. It is also postulated that there is a genetic link between the ideological component of an organization’s functioning, which serves as the foundation for GR interactions, and the fundamental objectives of the company’s business activities.

Comparative analysis and types of interaction of foreign policy strategies of modern states

2025-06-21

Andrej N. Vavilov | Sociopolitical sciences

In modern conditions, the task of comparative analysis and identification of correlation models of foreign policy strategies of modern states remains relevant. One of the ways to solve it is … In modern conditions, the task of comparative analysis and identification of correlation models of foreign policy strategies of modern states remains relevant. One of the ways to solve it is connected with the consideration of foreign policy strategies in coordinate systems of systemic qualities and conflict inherent in international relations. From the point of view of a systematic approach, the foreign policy strategies of modern states can be divided depending on the level of goal-setting (the scale of goals may involve the implementation of strategies at the level of the entire system of international relations, as well as its subsystems or individual actors), as well as based on the nature of their impact on the structure of international relations (they may be aimed at changing or preserving it). Based on the modern interpretation of the phenomena of international conflict and conflict, it seems possible to identify several models of correlation or interaction of foreign policy strategies of modern states. In particular, it is proposed to consider conflict, confrontational, neutral and cooperative models as such models. In the interests of a comparative analysis of foreign policy strategies, the use of such a characteristic of international conflicts as “asymmetry” may be justified. The asymmetric nature of foreign policy strategies can manifest itself in the asymmetry of goals, means of achieving them, as well as threats.

INCORPORATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA: CONTEXT AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES

2025-06-20

Albert Gevorgyan , Robert Khachatryan | Armenian Journal of Public Administration / Հանրային կառավարում

Higher education is a key driver of societal change, a role profoundly shaped and accelerated by a range of interconnected global influences and factors. These include advancements in technology, the … Higher education is a key driver of societal change, a role profoundly shaped and accelerated by a range of interconnected global influences and factors. These include advancements in technology, the forces of globalization and internationalization, rapid shifts in sociocultural norms, and transitions in geopolitical landscapes. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a strategic priority worldwide, driving innovations in the knowledge economy and transforming higher education. The incorporation of AI into higher education systems is being shaped by a complex web of interconnected global influences and structural forces. These include advancements in digital technologies, the accelerating momentum of globalization and internationalization, and shifts in the global geopolitical landscape. This article analyzes higher education policies of the Republic of Armenia (RA) to identify explicit references to AI and to evaluate the extent to which these policy provisions are being implemented at the institutional level. The article examines how AI-related policies are being applied across the RA HEIs, namely YSU, NPUA, and AUA. To contextualize Armenia’s trajectory, the article also offers a comparative analysis of international best practices in AI integration within higher education systems, drawing on the experiences of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. This article posits that the strategic and timely incorporation of AI into the RA’s higher education policies, institutional strategies and frameworks, and academic offerings serves as a critical lever for advancing national innovation capacity, driving educational modernization in the RA higher education system, and enhancing competitiveness within the knowledge economy at national and global levels.

ISSUES OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS OF JOURNALIST IN THE MEDIA COVERAGE OF CRIMINAL TOPICS

2025-06-20

Kamola ISMAILOVA | Markaziy osiyoda media va kommunikatsiyalar xalqaro ilmiy jurnali.

This article examines various aspects of journalistic ethics in reporting on crime-related topics. It examines existing problems in the field and offers solutions for addressing them. This article examines various aspects of journalistic ethics in reporting on crime-related topics. It examines existing problems in the field and offers solutions for addressing them.

Rhetorical Unit “Silk Road” from the Perspectiveof Political Discourse Translation

2025-06-19

Gayane Gasparyan , Misak Arzumanyan | Translation Studies Theory and Practice

Rhetorical devices, if combined with correctly developed rhetorical strategies, contribute to effective contact with the listeners and prove to be powerful means of immediate impact upon the audience. Figures of … Rhetorical devices, if combined with correctly developed rhetorical strategies, contribute to effective contact with the listeners and prove to be powerful means of immediate impact upon the audience. Figures of speech are among the most significant rhetorical devices, which intensify the expressiveness and emotional impact of a political speech. The term “Silk Road” possessing a long-lasting historical past, has currently acquired metaphorical properties and is often used as a rhetorical device by politicians in different countries and in various circumstance. When public speeches are translated, both the language and socio-cultural context should be carefully examined to maintain the persuasive impact of the original message on the target audience. Hence, a well-done pre-translation discourse analysis of the ST (the text of the uttered speech) will let the translator go deeper into the content-conceptual information and the techniques it is specified by, to identify the verbal and non-verbal elements, which capture the receptor’s attention, leading it simultaneously in the direction intended by the speaker. The article focuses on trilingual (Armenian, English, Russian) analysis of the “Silk Road” rhetorical device in RA Prime Minister’s speech, to specify its function through the socio-cultural situation case study and to identify its translation properties. The narrative, discourse and comparative methods of analyses have been used in the course of research.

The Problem of the Legal Qualification of Gaming Property

2025-06-19

Alexander Gromov | Legal Concept

Introduction: the paper deals with the problem of the legal qualification of gaming property in online multiplayer games. The purpose of the paper is to analyze existing approaches to the … Introduction: the paper deals with the problem of the legal qualification of gaming property in online multiplayer games. The purpose of the paper is to analyze existing approaches to the legal regulation of gaming property in online multiplayer games and to develop proposals for their effective application. Methods: the research methodology includes a comprehensive analysis of regulatory legal acts, judicial practice, scientific publications, and user agreements related to the legal status of gaming property. The comparative law method, the method of analysis and synthesis, the formal legal method, and the method of analogy are used to assess the applicability of various statutory concepts to gaming property. The author examines the features of gaming property, which include ingame items and currency that exist only in the context of the game. Various approaches to the legal regulation of gaming property are analyzed, such as the real-legal concept, its recognition as intellectual property, the qualification of acquisition as a type of service, and others. The possibilities of applying classical property law, consumer protection legislation, and tax incentives to operations with gaming property are investigated. Conclusions: as a result, the author suggests extending the provisions on the results of intellectual activity as part of a complex object to unique gaming property and the provisions on rendering services and the legislation on consumer rights to the rest of the gaming property.

The role of international standards in shaping the legal framework for digital compliance

2025-06-18

Aleksandra Kostoreva | World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews

This article explores the role of international standards in shaping the legal framework for digital compliance amid the digitalization of the global economy. It examines current regulatory instruments such as … This article explores the role of international standards in shaping the legal framework for digital compliance amid the digitalization of the global economy. It examines current regulatory instruments such as BEPS, GDPR, and ISO standards, identifying key legal challenges related to the cross-border nature of digital operations, incompatibilities between national legal systems, and issues surrounding the practical applicability of these standards. The aim of the study is to define the function of international standards in forming the legal foundations of digital compliance and to analyze their influence on the development of national legal systems in the context of digital transformation. The methodological basis of the research includes comparative analysis of related studies. The article will be of interest to researchers analyzing and developing legal mechanisms for digital compliance, as well as to legal professionals, digital transformation specialists, and international regulation experts interested in integrating global standards into national legal frameworks. Drawing on an interdisciplinary approach, the article offers timely insights for those seeking to deepen their understanding of the complex interplay between international standards and the legal structures necessary for sustainable digital economic development in a globalized environment.

Features of the Implementation of the National Security Concept in Modern China

2025-06-18

Albert M. Kumukov , Elena S. Gundar | Общество политика экономика право

This article presents an analysis of the evolutionary changes in China’s national security system, with a focus on the latest regulatory documents and strategic decisions made in 2024 and the … This article presents an analysis of the evolutionary changes in China’s national security system, with a focus on the latest regulatory documents and strategic decisions made in 2024 and the first half of 2025. The study includes a comparative analysis of the conceptual provisions of the White Paper of May 12, 2025 with similar doctrinal documents of 2015, 2019 and 2023, identifying key trends in the development of defense policy, the technology sector, and artificial intelligence. The theoretical basis of the work is the works of domestic experts on China’s national security issues, supplemented by up-to-date data from the first half of 2025. The results of the study demonstrate a significant transformation in the approaches of the Chinese leadership: in the military sphere, there is a transition from an administrative and supervisory model to an active combat strategy, and in the information space, there is a desire for a technological breakthrough in the development and global leader-ship of artificial intelligence. China’s ambitious goal is highlighted, not only to provide protection from external challenges, but also to take the position of a key architect of the new world order.

The Truth of War and the Truth about War: Two Types of Literature

2025-06-18

А. Андреев | Scientific Research and Development Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology

The article explores the dialectical connection between war and literature, and examines a phenomenon reflecting the historical, philosophical, and emotional depth of human experience. The main focus is on how … The article explores the dialectical connection between war and literature, and examines a phenomenon reflecting the historical, philosophical, and emotional depth of human experience. The main focus is on how literature transforms historical events into universal symbols, revealing the contradictions between heroism and tragedy, truth and myth. It is emphasized that military subjects in literature are not limited to the description of battles.: It becomes a space for reflection on freedom, morality, memory and identity. The research methodology includes a comparative analysis of texts from different eras, interpretation of symbols and motifs, as well as a philosophical and aesthetic approach to understanding the role of literature in the formation of collective memory. It is shown that literature about war performs the function of a "mirror": it not only documents events, but also asks questions about the meaning of human existence, the ethics of violence and the price of peace. The contradiction between the external events of the war and the inner experiences of the characters is highlighted, which culminates in works where the personality becomes a "universe" in miniature (for example, the image of the Battle of Borodino as a metaphor for the Russian soul in Tolstoy). In conclusion, it is emphasized that literature on war remains relevant as a form of resistance to amnesia and a tool for understanding modern conflicts. A new interpretation of genre boundaries is proposed, demonstrating how "small details" (in Nekrasov's words) turn into symbols that absorb "the whole essence of what is happening."

On the results of the Conference “VIR – 130: Plant Genetic Resources” (November 5-9, 2024, St. Petersburg)

2025-06-18

Е. К. Хлесткина , Yu. V. Ukhatova , И. Г. Лоскутов +7 more | PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BREEDING

On November 8 (October 27), 1894, the Bureau of Applied Botany was created under the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property of the Russian Empire. The … On November 8 (October 27), 1894, the Bureau of Applied Botany was created under the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property of the Russian Empire. The Bureau is the predecessor of VIR, a world-famous institute, the director and organizer of which was our famous compatriot Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov. It was with the Bureau of Applied Botany that the scientific and technological creation and provision of the food shield of our country began – the famous Vavilov collection of genetic resources of cultivated plants. The conference "VIR-130: Plant Genetic Resources" was held on November 5-9, 2024 in St. Petersburg. The conference served as a platform for discussing the most pressing issues of preserving the genetic resources of cultivated plants and their wild relatives today – from the need to prepare new regulatory acts at the federal level to successes in domestic breeding of various crops and strengthening the role of genetics in ensuring food and technological security of Russia. The conference included a series of 10 events and round tables designed to cover the entire breadth of modern areas of work with collections of plant genetic resources and their application in fundamental science, agriculture, medicine, and industry. Separate events were dedicated to outstanding plant researchers – associates of N.I. Vavilov: G.D. Karpechenko, N.N. Ivanov, A.I. Maltsev, as well as our contemporaries. In total, more than 180 oral reports were presented at the events. The Conference ended on November 8 with a ceremonial session and an extended video lecture “Genetic Resources of Russia: Scientific and Cultural-Historical Heritage”, organized by the Presidential Library jointly with the Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) as part of the “Knowledge of Russia” series. The lecture brought together more than 300 in-person participants and more than 1,500 online. The sessions and round tables held, the discussion of the reports showed that the research carried out in the field of conservation, study and use of plant genetic resources at the modern level meet the directions set by the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation (approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 145 dated February 28, 2024), the national development goals of the Russian Federation (defined by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 309 dated May 07, 2024), the tasks of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 20 dated January 21, 2020) and correspond to critical and end-to-end technologies (designated by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 529 dated June 18, 2024).

YOUTH OF UKRAINE IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL POLICY: INFORMATION TRANSFORMATIONS AND CHANGES IN OF POLITICAL CULTURE

2025-06-18

Oleksandr Artemchuk , Roman Pobochii | The Bulletin of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University Series Philosophy philosophies of law political science sociology

The article focuses on the fact that young people, as the most active audience of digital platforms, are significantly influenced by the latest communication mechanisms, such as social networks, content … The article focuses on the fact that young people, as the most active audience of digital platforms, are significantly influenced by the latest communication mechanisms, such as social networks, content personalisation algorithms and interactive formats. It has been found that along with positive changes, digital communication poses a number of challenges related to the spread of disinformation, manipulative content and the formation of information isolation. The relevance of the study is substantiated by the need to identify ways to optimise digital political communication to increase its transparency and efficiency. The author emphasises that in order to improve critical thinking skills in the field of politics among young people, it is necessary to implement media literacy education programmes, develop fact-checking mechanisms, use artificial intelligence technologies for early detection of disinformation and ensure transparency of digital platforms. It is recommended to pay special attention to the creation of interactive platforms that will engage young people in discussion and decision-making, increasing their trust in public and political initiatives.

Interpretation of ‘Circumstances’ as a Legal Effect Requirement for Excessive Defense

2025-06-18

Jong Hwan Kim | The Justice

Interaction of Togrsin’s trade offices in the Middle Volga region with local party authorities

2025-06-17

Alexander A. Litvin , A. E. Yakovlev | Učënye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Seriâ Gumanitarnye nauki/Učenye zapiski Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriâ Gumanitarnye nauki/Učenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Seriâ Gumanitarnye nauki

The Tatar and Middle Volga trade offices of Torgsin in the Middle Volga region and their interaction with local party authorities are studied. Using previously unpublished archival sources, key features … The Tatar and Middle Volga trade offices of Torgsin in the Middle Volga region and their interaction with local party authorities are studied. Using previously unpublished archival sources, key features of this process are identified. The tactics employed by Torgsin’s leaders to influence political officials for their own benefit are revealed. Analysis of the conflicts between Torgsin and the party demonstrates that Torgsin’s leaders were well aware of the vital role that their organization played in mobilizing values and financial resources. Therefore, they were ready to protect their organizational interests and advance their agenda further. The study concludes that the interaction between the two offices of Torgsin and local party authorities in the Middle Volga region was surrounded by contradictions: although controlled by the local government, they wielded their influence through the central directorate of Torgsin and higher-level party structures.

Social Media as a Platform for Manipulation: Domestic Experience in the Context of the Russian-Ukrainian War

2025-06-17

Larysa Butko , Світлана Федоренко , M. Knysh | Visnyk of Kharkiv State Academy of Culture

The purpose of the article is to clarify the role of social media as a platform for manipulation in Ukraine in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The methodology. Achievement … The purpose of the article is to clarify the role of social media as a platform for manipulation in Ukraine in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The methodology. Achievement of the goal and solution of research tasks were based on the principle of objectivity, which revealed the multifaceted nature of the research object and allowed to get as close as possible to the realities of the peculiarities of information on social networks during the Russian-Ukrainian war. The study is based on a systematic approach, which involves clarifying the peculiarities of the dissemination of false information in order to determine the specifics of its detection and counteraction. In the process of clarifying the specifics of manipulations in social media in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the structural method was used, which allowed to describe the peculiarities of fake information on Viber and Facebook, the signs of this information and ways to identify false content. The authors used a case study method in their research, which allowed them to analyze ways to identify fake information using specific examples. The use of analysis and synthesis methods made it possible to determine the degree of development of the topic, as well as to identify general trends in the spread of false content on social media. A systematic solution to a problem should be preceded by its systematic formulation, which is the basis for a systematic analysis of the problem. The complete problem statement in the classics of the systematic approach, which includes formulation, construction, evaluation, justification and designation of the problem, was considered by the authors earlier (Bohdaniok, 2023; Mykolaichuk, 2021; Mykhalchenko, 2020; Pohorilov, 2023). The results. Messages containing extremely detailed and, at first glance, accurate information are often circulated in modern chat rooms, even if their sources do not have access to official military data. The authors summarized the characteristic features of falsified information in Viber and Facebook chats to ensure information hygiene when receiving and disseminating information and some ways to combat disinformation in the analyzed social networks. The scientific novelty is to substantiate the important role of social media as the most important media channels that also become a platform for the transmission of fake news and propaganda materials, which necessitates the study of social media at the level of generalizing the ways to verify the accuracy of information disseminated by them. Further research into the role of social media as a platform for manipulation in Ukraine in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war will help to address gaps in the implementation of a system to counter information manipulation. The practical significance lies in the development of approaches to information hygiene aimed at reducing the negative impact of information flows on the psychological and physical health of people and the general welfare of society.

Formation of a Model of Electronic Document Management System in State Authority Bodies

2025-06-17

V. Hryshyn | Visnyk of Kharkiv State Academy of Culture

The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to form an effective model of the electronic document management system in state authorities, because existing management systems face … The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to form an effective model of the electronic document management system in state authorities, because existing management systems face a number of challenges and threats, as a result of which they lose their effectiveness. That is why the formation of an adaptive and effective model of the electronic document management system will allow to a large extent to modernize the management of electronic document management in state authorities and will contribute to increasing transparency and openness in their activities. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical aspects of the formation of a model of the electronic document management system in state authorities and to develop practical aspects of its formation to ensure transparency, speed, efficiency and security of management in this area. The methodology is determined by its purpose and covers a range of general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge. In particular, the author succeeded in achieving the set goal in the course of the study using the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, modeling. The results. As a result of the research, the theoretical aspects of the formation of an electronic document management system in state authorities were outlined, existing electronic document management systems in state authorities were analyzed, existing problems of their implementation and functioning were identified, as a result of which an authorial model of an electronic document management system in state authorities was formed, the implementation of which will allow achieving greater efficiency in electronic document management at the state level. The scientific novelty. The novelty of the study is manifested in the proposed authorial model of an electronic document management system in state authorities, the implementation of which will allow achieving greater efficiency in public administration. The practical significance. The model of an electronic document management system proposed by the author can be used in the development and implementation of electronic document management systems in state authorities in Ukraine. Its implementation will allow achieving a significantly higher level of efficiency of electronic document management, both at the level of the body in which it will be implemented, and at the state level, where electronic document management takes place between different government bodies. Conclusions. The existing problems of the functioning of electronic document management systems in government bodies can be solved by implementing the authorial model of the management system in this area, because the proposed model has the potential to improve the quality of management decisions and more effectively implement electronic document management in government structures.

Kayum Nasyri’s historical and cultural heritage: chronological problems and the evolution of anniversary commemorations

2025-06-17

D. A. Khabibullina | Učënye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Seriâ Gumanitarnye nauki/Učenye zapiski Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriâ Gumanitarnye nauki/Učenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. Seriâ Gumanitarnye nauki

The historical and cultural heritage of Kayum Nasyri (1825–1902), a Tatar scholar and enlightener of the second half of the 19th century, is analyzed in anticipation of the 200th anniversary … The historical and cultural heritage of Kayum Nasyri (1825–1902), a Tatar scholar and enlightener of the second half of the 19th century, is analyzed in anticipation of the 200th anniversary of his birth. The role of written texts as vessels of memory, both about him and his work, is demonstrated. The evolution of commemorative events that have been held from the 1920s up to now in order to honor K. Nasyri is described. The problem regarding his exact birth date is addressed. For commemorative purposes, it has been accepted that the scholar was born in 1825. However, a detailed analysis of archival sources, including his passport (1898) and the census records (1858), reveals a different possible birth year, from 1828 to 1829. Thus, further studies on K. Nasyri’s biography are needed. The anniversary commemorations dedicated to him help preserve his heritage and spread awareness of his contribution to science and education. Despite the exposed contradictions with the archival sources, the tradition of commemorations tied to 1825 has solidified K. Nasyri as a symbol of Tatar culture and history.

Biopower in Putin’s Russia: From Taking Care to Taking Lives by AndreyMakarychev and SergeiMedvedev. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2024. 196 pp. €108.00. ISBN 978‐963‐386‐749‐5

2025-06-16

Maksim Hanukai | The Russian Review

РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ВЫПУСКА И ОБОРОТА ЦИФРОВЫХ ФИНАНСОВЫХ АКТИВОВ: ОПЫТ РОССИИ, ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ И США

2025-06-16

С.А. ВАСИЛЬЕВА | Eurasian Advocacy (Evraziiskaya Advokatura)

Статья посвящена исследованию и сопоставлению отечественного законодательства и лучших зарубежных практик в сфере регулирования цифровых финансовых активов (ЦФА). Опыт Великобритании по- казывает, что данная область права находится на начальной стадии … Статья посвящена исследованию и сопоставлению отечественного законодательства и лучших зарубежных практик в сфере регулирования цифровых финансовых активов (ЦФА). Опыт Великобритании по- казывает, что данная область права находится на начальной стадии своего развития. Несмотря на признание важности нормативно-правового регулирования, формирование соответствующего режима осуществляется постепенно посредством адаптации действующего законодательства о финансовых услугах. he article is devoted to the study and comparison of domestic legislation and the best foreign practices in the field of CFA regulation. An analysis of the current state of regulation of crypto assets in the UK shows that this area of law is at an early stage of its development. Despite the recognition of the importance of regulatory regulation, the formation of an appropriate regime is carried out gradually through the adaptation of current legislation on financial services.

Reflections on the Concept of Philosophy in Connection to V. Goran’s Conception

2025-06-16

Denis Maslov | Respublica Literaria

In the present article, some reflections on the concept of philosophy are made in the light of the definition of philosophy as a reflexive meta-worldview theory, proposed by Vasily Pavlovich … In the present article, some reflections on the concept of philosophy are made in the light of the definition of philosophy as a reflexive meta-worldview theory, proposed by Vasily Pavlovich Goran. The reflections pertain to the currently popular trend of conceptual engineering, that allows for a different meta-philosophical perspective presenting philosophy as a special kind of activity of working with the most fundamental concepts.

The Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances: Benefits and Perspectives for Ukraine

2025-06-16

Nadiya Fedorova | Theory and Practice of Intellectual Property

The article analyzes the 2012 Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances as one of the key international documents in the field of protection of the rights of performers of audiovisual works. … The article analyzes the 2012 Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances as one of the key international documents in the field of protection of the rights of performers of audiovisual works. The article examines the legal prerequisites for the conclusion of this treaty, its content, structure and main provisions, as well as the relevance and prospects of Ukraine's accession to it. The author emphasizes that the Beijing Treaty significantly expands the system of international protection of related rights, for the first time providing performers of audiovisual works with a set of rights equivalent to the existing rights of phonogram performers. In particular, the treaty provides for the recognition and protection of performers' moral rights(the right of authorship and the right to the integrity of the performance), establishes exclusive property rights (to reproduce, distribute, hire and provide access to performances), and contains provisions on the protection of technological measures of protection and information on rights management. The article discusses some of the terminological and legal difficulties that arose in the process of drafting the treaty, including different approaches to the conceptof ’’audiovisual performance’’ in national legal systems.Special attention is paid to the implementation of the Beijing Treaty into the national legislation of Ukraine, which is not yet a party to the treaty. It is shown that accession to the treaty will open new opportunities for Ukrainian performers in the field of international rights protection, increase their competitiveness and facilitate the attraction of additional royalties. The article argues that ratification of the treaty will meet both the strategic goals of state policy in the field of intellectual property and the needs of the cultural and creative sector, especially in the context of an armed conflict, when support for national culture is extremely important. In conclusion, the author notes that accession to the Beijing Treaty could be an important step towards harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with international standards and help protect the rights of performers in the digital economy.

THE INTENSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ROBOTICS IN JAPANESE SOCIETY

2025-06-15

Khanymay Kuatova , Zhanar Ashinova | Ķazaķstan šyġystanuy.

Due to the rapidly evolving civilizational landscape of the world, the need for the evolution of modern society has increased manifold, and Japan has become the country where a new … Due to the rapidly evolving civilizational landscape of the world, the need for the evolution of modern society has increased manifold, and Japan has become the country where a new type of humanity is forming at an unprecedented pace. Objective: to examine the development and formation features of the Society 5.0 concept, based on the Japanese experience. The main research methods used were the method of systematic analysis, which helped study the key components of digitalization in modern Japanese society, and the historical method, which enabled the generalization of features related to the implementation of information technologies across all spheres of national and social life. The article explores the key semantic elements of the phenomenon known as the "digital society"—including terminology, characteristic features, general traits, and distinctive factors. It is noted that, at the beginning of the 21st century, the growing indicators of modern civilization ceased to fully meet human needs and demands, which led to the necessity of forming a new societal model—a symbiosis of humans and digital technologies. Within the ethical framework of the issue, social and cultural concerns arise, particularly: how will the synergistic integration of living organisms and robotic elements impact Japanese society in the future? During the period of pandemic restrictions, Japan began forming a "digital society," the foundation of which was laid in the early 21st century. As the level of social and interpersonal isolation among Japanese citizens increased, elements of virtualization began to emerge within public communications—for example, growing demand for online medical services, the rising popularity of online education, and the migration of all traditional forms of interaction to social media. Through the lens of Japan’s experience in digitizing social, political, and other forms of interaction, the conclusion is drawn that Kazakhstan has all the prerequisites for successfully applying this model in its own national context. The results and conclusions of this work may serve as a practical basis for future academic research, as well as for the development of governmental and social strategies in the coming years.

Social Networks as a Tool for Building a Civil Servant's Reputation: Opportunities and Risks

2025-06-15

I. Sokolkov , Marina Vitalievna Radosteva | Bulletin of Science and Practice

In the context of global digitalization of social and political life, social networks have become one of the most important tools for shaping the reputation of public officials. However, along … In the context of global digitalization of social and political life, social networks have become one of the most important tools for shaping the reputation of public officials. However, along with the opportunities for public self-presentation and interaction with the population, the use of such platforms entails certain reputational risks, which were examined in this study. This research analyzed the impact of social networks on the reputation of public officials through a content analysis of scientific publications in this field and a sociological survey of 244 respondents eligible to participate in the political life of the state. The survey allowed for an assessment of public perceptions of the representation of public officials on the Internet, as well as the identification of key factors that could influence the formation of a positive image. The study's results demonstrated that the competent use of social networks by government agencies increases citizens' trust. However, it was also revealed that many citizens are dissatisfied with the current state of PR management in most government institutions they interact with. Additionally, a SWOT analysis was conducted, identifying both the risks associated with using social networks for image formation and the opportunities for improving the effectiveness of this system.

SOCIAL CONTEXT AND LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF NOVGOROD BIRCH BARK DOCUMENTS: ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF WRITING

2025-06-15

Ramila Hamidova | Metafizika Journal

This article provides a comprehensive study of Novgorod birch bark letters, which are unique historical sources offering valuable information about the socio-economic, legal, and cultural life of Medieval Novgorod. The … This article provides a comprehensive study of Novgorod birch bark letters, which are unique historical sources offering valuable information about the socio-economic, legal, and cultural life of Medieval Novgorod. The study explores various types of birch bark letters, including legal documents, economic records, personal letters, and administrative acts, which help reconstruct the daily life of the population. The author focuses on the technology of producing these letters, their durability, and their significance as historical sources. Special attention is given to the use of writing in legal and economic relationships, reflecting the high level of legal culture and developed market relations in Novgorod. The article also discusses the application of new archaeographic and digital technologies for decoding damaged and deteriorated texts, opening new avenues for future research. The results highlight the importance of Novgorod birch bark letters for reconstructing historical reality and provide deeper insights into the social and legal organization of medieval society.

EVENTS OF THE «ARAB SPRING» AS COVERED BY MIDDLE EASTERN SCIENTISTS (based on Majid Kayali's book «The Great Schism: The Plight of Politics, Ideology, and Power in the Trials of the «Arab Spring»)

2025-06-15

Sagynysh Sagynysh Amirbekova , Yerkin Baydarov | Ķazaķstan šyġystanuy.

This article analyzes the understanding of the events of the «Arab Spring» by researchers of Middle Eastern countries, based on a critical analysis of the book by Majid Kayali «The … This article analyzes the understanding of the events of the «Arab Spring» by researchers of Middle Eastern countries, based on a critical analysis of the book by Majid Kayali «The Great Schism: The Plight of Politics, Ideology, and Power in the Trials of the Arab Spring». The work is aimed at identifying the key issues raised by Kayali and their impact on understanding the causes and consequences of popular revolutions in the Arab world. The novelty of the article is that, unlike most studies focusing on external factors or general slogans of the «Arab Spring», this article offers an in-depth analysis of internal, systemic problems of Arab countries, such as the absence of the concept of state and citizenship, sectarian and ethnic divisions, as well as the conflict between the religious and secular, as presented in the work of Majid Kayali. The novelty also lies in considering the criticism of the left and Islamic movements, as well as nationalist regimes, from the position of an Arab intellectual. The relevance of the study is due to the ongoing challenges facing the Arab countries after the events of the Arab Spring, including political instability, strengthening authoritarian tendencies and internal conflicts. Understanding the underlying causes of these problems, presented in Kayali's analysis, is critical for the formation of effective strategies for stabilization and development of the region. The objectives of the study include: highlighting Majid Kayali's main theses regarding the causes and consequences of the Arab Spring; analyzing Kayali's criticism of leftist and Islamic political movements, as well as nationalist regimes and identifying the key problems of the Arab region in Kayali's understanding, such as problems of the state, citizenship, democracy, sectarian and ethnic differences, and their impact on the results of the Arab Spring. The study used the methods of analysis and synthesis to study the content of Majid Kayali's book, as well as comparative analysis to compare his views with general approaches to the study of the Arab Spring. The historical-genetic method is applied to trace the development of political ideologies and their influence on the formation of authoritarian regimes in Arab countries. As a result, it is shown that, according to Kayali, the «Arab Spring» revealed deep systemic problems in the Arab world, including the underdevelopment of the concepts of state and citizenship, the dominance of sectarian and ethnic differences, as well as the unresolved conflict between the religious and secular principles.

Fake News as a Type of Informational Political Struggle

2025-06-15

A. Zakirov , Liliya Ch. Faizova | Bulletin of Science and Practice

Examines the phenomenon of fake news as a tool of information influence in the context of modern political struggle. The essence and functions of fake news, their role in shaping … Examines the phenomenon of fake news as a tool of information influence in the context of modern political struggle. The essence and functions of fake news, their role in shaping public opinion and influencing political processes are analyzed. The mechanisms of dissemination of disinformation, strategies for its use in interstate conflicts and intra-national confrontations are identified. Particular attention is paid to the legal, ethical and technological aspects of the fight against fake news. Examples from modern political practice are presented, and areas for improving state policy in the field of information security are outlined.

The Role of Blockchain Technology in the Evolution of Journalism

2025-06-15

Chinzorig Bayar , Batbaatar Jamiansuren | Nijgèm, hùmùùnlègijn uhaany sudlal.

Blockchain technology has significantly influenced the development of journalism. Media outlets based on blockchain technology operate with decentralized databases, free from control and censorship, ensuring press freedom and contributing to … Blockchain technology has significantly influenced the development of journalism. Media outlets based on blockchain technology operate with decentralized databases, free from control and censorship, ensuring press freedom and contributing to the advancement of independent journalism. In this research paper, we examine the fundamental role of blockchain technology in journalism development through five key aspects: Combating Fake News: Since blockchain records information immutably, it plays a crucial role in fighting misinformation. Decentralized Platforms: With the emergence of decentralized platforms, authorities or any other entities cannot delete or manipulate information. Financial Independence: Various cryptocurrencies based on blockchain support the financial independence of media organizations by allowing direct donations to editors and journalists. Intellectual Property Protection: Journalistic content can be converted into NFTs using blockchain technology, providing a direct solution to intellectual property issues. Transparency and Source Verification: Blockchain-based media ensure transparency in journalism, helping to verify the authenticity and origin of news. However, the full adoption of blockchain technology faces challenges such as financial resources, users' technological capabilities, legal regulations, and technical advancements. If these challenges are addressed, blockchain-based media could fully determine the future direction of journalism. Блокчэйн технологи сэтгүүл зүйн хөгжлийг тодорхойлогч хүчин зүйл болох нь Хураангуй: Блокчэйн технологи сэтгүүл зүйн хөгжилд цөөнгүй нөлөөг үзүүлж байна. Бид уг өгүүлэлдээ блокчэйн технологийн хэвлэл мэдээллийн салбарт үзүүлж буй нөлөө, боломж, нэвтрүүлэхэд тулгарах бэрхшээлүүд болон тус технологийн сэтгүүл зүйн хөгжилд хэрхэн хувьсал хийх боломжтойг тодорхойлж, блокчэйнд суурилсан хэвлэл мэдээллийн хэрэгслийн математик загварчлалыг боловсруулах үндсэн зорилгын хүрээнд бэлтгэв. Блокчэйн технологи нь сэтгүүл зүйн салбарт хуурамч мэдээлэлтэй тэмцэх, мэдээллийн гарал үүслийг баталгаажуулах, төвлөрсөн бус платформ бий болгох зэрэг олон давуу талтай. Мөн криптовалют ашиглан сэтгүүлч, редакцын санхүүгийн хараат бус байдлыг хангах, оюуны өмчийг хамгаалах, ил тод байдлыг нэмэгдүүлэх боломжтой. Гэсэн хэдий ч энэ технологийг бүрэн нэвтрүүлэхэд санхүү, хэрэглэгчдийн технологийн мэдлэг, хууль эрх зүйн зохицуулалт зэрэг хүндрэлүүд тулгарч байна. Түлхүүр үг: Баримтыг нягтлах, Хуурамч мэдээлэл, Төвлөрсөн бус платформ, Криптовалют, Ил тод байдал, Үйлчлүүлэгчийн бүрэн мэдээлэл

NATIONAL STRATEGIES FOR DIGITALIZATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN SOUTH KOREA: AN ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL FACTORS

2025-06-15

Nazerke Khamitova , Aigerim Belyalova | Ķazaķstan šyġystanuy.

The article examines external factors influencing the digitalization of cultural heritage in South Korea using the PEST analysis model (political, economic, social and technological aspects). The study is based on … The article examines external factors influencing the digitalization of cultural heritage in South Korea using the PEST analysis model (political, economic, social and technological aspects). The study is based on the analysis of scientific literature, official documents, as well as programs and initiatives implemented by government and cultural institutions. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a comprehensive assessment of the digitalization of cultural heritage in the national context using the PEST approach, which allows for a systematic understanding of the influence of the external environment on the development of this area. The study found that the main conditions for successful digitalization are government support, economic stability, a high level of digital literacy and the active implementation of virtual and augmented reality technologies, as well as artificial intelligence. The practical significance of the work lies in the formulation of recommendations for developers of digital projects, as well as for the formation of effective public policy in the field of digitalization of cultural heritage. In conclusion, the need to coordinate the efforts of various sectors of society to create a sustainable digital ecosystem in the field of culture is emphasized.

The Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances: Benefits and Perspectives for Ukraine

2025-06-12

Nadiуa Fedorova | Theory and Practice of Intellectual Property

THE EVOLUTION OF POLITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN AZERBAIJAN FOLLOWING THE SECOND KARABAKH WAR

2025-06-11

Rugiyya Naghiyeva | Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences

Purpose of the study is to analyze the key factors transforming political consciousness in Azerbaijan during and after the Second Karabakh War. By investigating the roles of Azerbaijanism, political parties, … Purpose of the study is to analyze the key factors transforming political consciousness in Azerbaijan during and after the Second Karabakh War. By investigating the roles of Azerbaijanism, political parties, NGOs, and presidential leadership, the research seeks to understand their collective impact on the national political landscape and citizen engagement. This study contributes significantly to the existing literature on political consciousness in Azerbaijan, providing an in-depth analysis of post-war transformations. It offers valuable insights into the evolving nature of national identity, political unity, and the influence of socio-political institutions in the country. Results highlight that the Second Karabakh War acted as a catalyst for a profound transformation in Azerbaijan's political consciousness. The ideology of Azerbaijanism emerged as a unifying force, fostering national pride and unity among citizens, regardless of ethnic and regional differences. Political parties displayed unprecedented solidarity, prioritizing national interests over political competition and supporting government efforts during the war. NGOs significantly contributed to shaping public opinion, enhancing civic engagement, and promoting transparency and accountability.