Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management

Research, Science, and Academia

Works Count: 32465

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Description

This cluster of papers covers a wide range of topics related to science policy, innovation management, research administration, technology transfer, and the role of higher education in fostering economic development. It explores the importance of basic research, grant writing, and interdisciplinary research in knowledge creation and highlights the challenges and opportunities in these areas. The cluster also delves into the impact of digital information technology on improving the competitiveness of high-tech enterprises and the influence of human activity on climate in the Arctic.

Keywords

Science Policy; Innovation Management; Research Administration; Technology Transfer; Basic Research; Economic Development; Higher Education; Grant Writing; Knowledge Creation; Interdisciplinary Research

The Rise and Fall of American Technological Leadership: The Postwar Era in Historical Perspective

2007-01-01

Richard R. Nelson , Gavin Wright

Paths of innovation: technological change in 20th-century America

1999-04-01

David C. Mowery , Nathan Rosenberg

1. Introduction 2. The organization and institutionalization of innovation, 1900-1940 3. The internal combustion engine 4. Chemicals 5. Electric power 6 The electronics revolution, 1947-1990 8. Concluding observations. 1. Introduction 2. The organization and institutionalization of innovation, 1900-1940 3. The internal combustion engine 4. Chemicals 5. Electric power 6 The electronics revolution, 1947-1990 8. Concluding observations.

The end of science: facing the limits of knowledge in the twilight of the scientific age

1996-11-01

John Horgan

As a writer for SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, John Horgan has an unsurpassed window on contemporary science, routinely interviewing the scientific geniuses of our times, scientists such as Richard Dawkins, Murray Gell-Mann, … As a writer for SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, John Horgan has an unsurpassed window on contemporary science, routinely interviewing the scientific geniuses of our times, scientists such as Richard Dawkins, Murray Gell-Mann, Stephen Hawking, Karl Popper and Noam Chomsky. In THE END OF SCIENCE, Horgan displays his genius for getting these larger-than-life figures to be human, whilst also encouraging them to confront the very limits of knowledge. Have the big questions all been answered? Has all the knowledge worth pursuing become known? Will there be a final 'theory of everything' that signals the end? Horgan extracts surprisingly candid answers to these and other delicate questions as he discusses God, Star Trek, superstrings, quarks, consciousness and numerous other topics. In a time where scientific rationality is under fire from every quarter, THE END OF SCIENCE is a witty, thoughtful, profound and entertaining narrative which serves as both a critique of and a homage to modern science.

The Patent Controversy in the Nineteenth Century

1950-05-01

Fritz Machlup , Edith Penrose

The patent system has lately been subjected to investigations by committees of Congress, and reforms have been proposed to meet some of the most serious criticisms. In recent publications commenting … The patent system has lately been subjected to investigations by committees of Congress, and reforms have been proposed to meet some of the most serious criticisms. In recent publications commenting on these discussions it has been suggested that opposition to the patent system is a new development. A writer of a “history of the patent monopoly” asserted that “there never has been, until the present time, any criticism of this type of exclusive privilege,” and he attributed the allegedly new attitude to “modern witch-hunters,” “hungry aspirants to public office,” and, by innuendo, to enemies of all private property.

America by Design: Science, Technology, and the Rise of Corporate Capitalism

1978-06-01

Merritt Roe Smith , David F. Noble

Peerless Science: Peer Review and U.S. Science Policy.

1992-05-01

Norman Hackerman , Daryl E. Chubin , Edward J. Hackett

Controversy: Politics of Technical Decisions.

1993-05-01

Frances B. McCrea , Dorothy Nelkin

This book of controversies over science and technology describes and analyses the struggles between different perspectives: between those who see technological development as a rational and objective process and those … This book of controversies over science and technology describes and analyses the struggles between different perspectives: between those who see technological development as a rational and objective process and those who see this process as primarily political. 'No one has produced a more formidable body of work on technology, politics, and decision-making than Dorothy Nelkin; and I, like many others, have come to look forward to each new instalment. Controversy, a set of case studies edited by Nelkin...easily earns its place on my bookshelf.' -- Knowledge, Vol 1 No 4, June 1980

Research-Doctorate Programs in the United States: Continuity and Change.

1996-11-01

Lowell L. Hargens , Marvin L. Goldberger , Brendan Maher +1 more

Doctoral programs at U.S. universities play a critical role in the development of human resources both in the United States and abroad. This volume reports the results of an extensive … Doctoral programs at U.S. universities play a critical role in the development of human resources both in the United States and abroad. This volume reports the results of an extensive study of U.S. research-doctorate programs in five broad fields: physical sciences and mathematics, engineering, social and behavioral sciences, biological sciences, and the humanities. Research-Doctorate Programs in the United States documents changes that have taken place in the size, structure, and quality of doctoral education since the widely used 1982 editions. This update provides selected information on nearly 4,000 doctoral programs in 41 subdisciplines at 274 doctorate-granting institutions. This volume also reports the results of the National Survey of Graduate Faculty, which polled a sample of faculty for their views on the scholarly quality of program faculty and the effectiveness of doctoral programs in preparing research scholars/scientists. This much-anticipated update of such an essential reference will be useful to education administrators, university faculty, and students seeking authoritative information on doctoral programs.

Made in America: Regaining the Productive Edge

1990-04-01

Dominick Salvatore , Michael L. Dertouzos , Richard K. Lester +1 more

What went wrong and how can America become second to none in industrial productivity? This long awaited study by a team of top notch MIT scientists and economists - the … What went wrong and how can America become second to none in industrial productivity? This long awaited study by a team of top notch MIT scientists and economists - the MIT Commission on Industrial Productivity - takes a hard look at the recurring weaknesses of American industry that are threatening the country's standard of living and its position in the world economy. Made in America identifies what is best and worth replicating in American industrial practice and sets out five national priorities for regaining the productive edge.Unlike other studies that prescribe macroeconomic cures, Made in America focuses on the reorganization and effective integration of human resources and new technologies within the firm as a principal driving force for long term growth in productivity.Made in America examines the relationship between human resources and technological change in detail and singles out the most significant productivity weaknesses from the myriad causes that are typically cited. These include shortA-time horizons and a preoccupation with the bottom line, outdated strategies that focus excessively on the domestic market, lack of cooperation within and among U.S. firms, neglect of human resources, technological failures in translating discoveries to products, and a mismatch between governmental actions and the needs of industry. Looking ahead Made in America asserts that industrial performance would improve substantially simply by building on what is best in U.S. industry. It describes representative systems of production that can serve as models of best industrial practice for niche producers, price competitive specialized producers, and flexible mass producers.Among the goals singled out as national priorities are the creation of a new economic citizenship that involves wellA-educated workers as active partners in the reproduction process, a new strategic focus on production, finding a better balance between cooperation and individualism, learning to live in an increasingly international economy, and making proper provision for the future both in terms of capital and human resources.The findings and goals of Made in America are based on such measures of productivity performance as product quality, innovativeness, time to market, and service in eight manufacturing sectors - semiconductors, computers, and office equipment; automobiles; steel; consumer electronics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals; textiles; machine tools; and commercial aircraft. These measures revealed a large gap between the best and average U.S. practice.Michael L. Dertouzos. is Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Director of MIT's Laboratory of Computer Science. Robert M. Solow is Institute Professor of Economics, and Richard K. Lester is Associate Professor of Nuclear Engineering,

Entrepreneurial scientists and entrepreneurial universities in American academic science

1984-01-01

Henry Etzkowitz

Universities as engines of R&D-based economic growth: They think they can

1990-08-01

Irwin Feller

Science and Public Policy

1959-01-16

James R. Killian

Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States.

1979-03-01

J. Scott Long , Harriet Zuckerman

Scientific Elite is about Nobel prize winners and the well-defined stratification system in twentieth-century science. It tracks the careers of all American laureates who won prizes from 1907 until 1972, … Scientific Elite is about Nobel prize winners and the well-defined stratification system in twentieth-century science. It tracks the careers of all American laureates who won prizes from 1907 until 1972, examining the complex interplay of merit and privilege at each stage of their scientific lives and the creation of the ultra-elite in science. The study draws on biographical and bibliographical data on laureates who did their prize-winning research in the United States, and on detailed interviews with forty-one of the fifty-six laureates living in the United States at the time the study was done. Zuckerman finds laureates being successively advantaged as time passes. These advantages are producing growing disparities between the elite and other scientists both in performance and in rewards, which create and maintain a sharply graded stratification system.

Science in the private interest: has the lure of profits corrupted biomedical research?

2006-01-01

Sheldon Krimsky

Part 1 Foreword Chapter 2 Introduction Chapter 3 Stories of the Unholy Alliance Chapter 4 University-Industry Collaborations Chapter 5 Knowledge as Property Chapter 6 The Changing Ethos of Science Chapter … Part 1 Foreword Chapter 2 Introduction Chapter 3 Stories of the Unholy Alliance Chapter 4 University-Industry Collaborations Chapter 5 Knowledge as Property Chapter 6 The Changing Ethos of Science Chapter 7 The Redemption of Federal Advisory Committees Chapter 8 Professors Incorporated Chapter 9 Conflicts of Interest Chapter 10 A Question of Bias Chapter 11 The Scientific Journals Chapter 12 The Demise of Public Science Chapter 13 Prospects for a New Moral Sensibility in Academia Chapter 14 Conclusion: Reinvesting in Public Interest Science

The New production of knowledge: the dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies

1995-04-01

Michael R. Gibbons , Camille Limoges , Helga Nowotny +3 more

In this provocative and broad-ranging work, a distinguished team of authors argues that the ways in which knowledge scientific, social and cultural is produced are undergoing fundamental changes … In this provocative and broad-ranging work, a distinguished team of authors argues that the ways in which knowledge scientific, social and cultural is produced are undergoing fundamental changes at the end of the twentieth century. They claim that these changes mark a distinct shift into a new mode of knowledge production which is replacing or reforming established institutions, disciplines, practices and policies. Identifying a range of features of the new moder of knowledge production reflexivity, transdisciplinarity, heterogeneity the authors show the connections between these features and the changing role of knowledge in social relations. While the knowledge produced by research and development in science and technology (both public and industrial) is accorded central concern, the authors also outline the changing dimensions of social scientific and humanities knowledge and the relations between the production of knowledge and its dissemination through education. Placing science policy and scientific knowledge in its broader context within contemporary societies, this book will be essential reading for all those concerned with the changing nature of knowledge, with the social study of science, with educational systems, and with the relations between R&D and social, economic and technological development.

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E‐Government and E‐Governance: The Future Isn't What It Used To Be

2003-03-01

Sunny Marche , James D. McNiven

Abstract Public sector organizations in North America and Europe are gradually transforming themselves under the pressure exerted by Internet technologies. Most of these organizations are beyond Web publishing and are … Abstract Public sector organizations in North America and Europe are gradually transforming themselves under the pressure exerted by Internet technologies. Most of these organizations are beyond Web publishing and are passing through the interactive stage, gradually sidling up to the challenges of creating end‐to‐end processes that deliver enhanced value from public administration. In the not‐too‐distant future, these organizations will have to manage increased speed of reflexivity in their relationship with the citizenry. In other words, it is not just a question of e‐government; it is also a question of e‐governance. The future of government as we might have imagined it 10 years ago is not the future of government today. Our paper proposes a two‐dimensional framework for considering the impact of the Internet. On one axis, we propose the dimension of e‐government versus e‐governance. On the other dimension, we contrast the citizen‐centric view of the relationship with the organization‐centric. In each of the resulting four quadrants of the model, we examine the issues and considerations. Finally, we analyze the resource allocation decisions made public by the federal government to identify where the financial commitments have been made in the context of the model. Résumé Les organisations du secteur public de l'Amérique du Nord et de l'Europe se transforment progressivement sous la pression des technologies de l'Internet. La plupart de ces organisations, qui ont déjà dépassé l'étape de la création des pages, passent par une phase interactive, rélevant progressivement les défis de la création des processus de bout en bout qui donne une plus grande valeur à l'administration publique. Dans un futur proche, ces organisations auront à gérer, dans leur relation avec les citoyens, la vitesse croissante de réflexivité. En d'autres termes, il ne s'agit pas seulement d'une question de gouvernement électronique; il s'agit aussi d'une question de gouvernance électronique. L'avenir du gouvernement d'aujourd'hui est différent de celui qu'on aurait imaginé il y a de cela 10 ans. Dans cette étude, nous proposons un cadre bidimensionnel permettant de mesurer l'impact de l'Internet. Sur le premier axe, nous proposons la dimension gouvernement électronique vs gouvernance électronique. Le second axe s'appesantit sur le contraste entre deux conceptions antinomiques de la relation: la conception centrée sur le citoyen et la conception centreé sur l'organisation. Dans chacun des quatre quadrants résultant du modéle, nous examinons les problèmes et les solutions possibles. Pour étudier dans quel cas les engagements financiers ont été pris dans le contexte du modéle, nous clôturons notre étude par l'analyse des décisions d'attribution des ressources rendues publiques par le gouvernement fédéral.

The Scientist's Role in Society: A Comparative Study.

1972-12-01

Nicholas C. Mullins , Joseph Ben‐David

gence of the role of the scientist and the factors affecting the growth of science within a comparative, historical framework, using material from ancient Greece, Renaissance Italy, France, Britain, Germany … gence of the role of the scientist and the factors affecting the growth of science within a comparative, historical framework, using material from ancient Greece, Renaissance Italy, France, Britain, Germany and modern America. The weakest chapter of the book is the one on modern America, which becomes very like a micro-sociology of American higher education, an approach BenDavid has tried to avoid in the rest of the book. Traditional societies like ancient

American genesis: a century of invention and technological enthusiasm, 1870-1970

1989-11-01

Thomas P. Hughes

American Genesis is the book that helped earn Thomas Hughes his reputation as one of the foremost historians of technology of our age. A finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in … American Genesis is the book that helped earn Thomas Hughes his reputation as one of the foremost historians of technology of our age. A finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in 1990, the book tells the sweeping story of America's technological revolution. Unlike other histories of technology, which focus on particular inventions like the light bulb or the automobile, American Genesis makes these inventions characters in the chronicle, shaped by and shaping a broader cultural context. By masterfully weaving scientific and technological advancement into other cultural trends, Hughes demonstrates here the myriad ways in which the two are Inextricably linked. A new preface by Hughes recounts his missteps in predicting the future of technology and also traces our advancement into the information age.

American universities and technical advance in industry

1994-05-01

Nathan Rosenberg , Richard R. Nelson

Physics of Powder Metallurgy

1949-11-01

T. A. Read

We may in time find industry performing a function hitherto associated entirely with scientific societies and universities, if it follows the lead of the Sylvania Electric Products, Inc. which recently … We may in time find industry performing a function hitherto associated entirely with scientific societies and universities, if it follows the lead of the Sylvania Electric Products, Inc. which recently sponsored a symposium on the physics of powder metallurgy at Fort Totten in Bayside, Long Island. Walter E. Kingston, manager of Sylvania's Metallurgical Research Laboratories, was the moving spirit of the meeting, which was organized and financially supported by his company independently of any technical society. Kingston assembled a program of twenty-two papers and approximately one hundred and fifty physicists and metallurgists attended.

Science and Engineering Indicators—1989

1991-01-01

A. Wolfenden , BM Strauss

Every two years the National Science Board, part of the National Science Foundation, publishes a comprehensive report containing data on the state of American science and engineering with respect to … Every two years the National Science Board, part of the National Science Foundation, publishes a comprehensive report containing data on the state of American science and engineering with respect to its global counterpart. This report, “Science and Engineering Indicators—1989,” is the latest edition of a widely used resource in government, industry, and academia citing trends in worldwide interest in science and engineering and the relative ranking of the United States in R&D. The report also states the strengths and weaknesses of American science and technology and gives recommendations for action.

Pasteur's Quadrant: Basic Science and Technological Innovation

2005-01-01

William G. Tierney , Donald Stokes , Andrew Abbott

Over fifty years ago, Vannevar Bush released his enormously influential report, Science, the Endless Frontier, which asserted a dichotomy between basic and applied science. This view was at the core … Over fifty years ago, Vannevar Bush released his enormously influential report, Science, the Endless Frontier, which asserted a dichotomy between basic and applied science. This view was at the core of the compact between government and science that led to the golden age of scientific research after World War II a compact that is currently under severe stress. In this book, Donald Stokes challenges Bush's view and maintains that we can only rebuild the relationship between government and the scientific community when we understand what is wrong with that view. Stokes begins with an analysis of the goals of understanding and use in scientific research. He recasts the widely accepted view of the tension between understanding and use, citing as a model case the fundamental yet use-inspired studies by which Louis Pasteur laid the foundations of microbiology a century ago. Pasteur worked in the era of the second industrial revolution, when the relationship between basic science and technological change assumed its modern form. Over subsequent decades, technology has been increasingly science-based. But science has been increasingly technology-based--with the choice of problems and the conduct of research often inspired by societal needs. An example is the work of the quantum-effects physicists who are probing the phenomena revealed by the miniaturization of semiconductors from the time of the transistor's discovery after World War II. On this revised, interactive view of science and technology, Stokes builds a convincing case that by recognizing the importance of use-inspired basic research we can frame a new compact between science and government. His conclusions have major implications for both the scientific and policy communities and will be of great interest to those in the broader public who are troubled by the current role of basic science in American democracy.

Science at the Bar: Law, Science, and Technology in America.

1996-09-01

Arthur L. Stinchcombe , Sheila Jasanoff

Foreword by Richard C. Leone Preface The Intersections of Science and Law Changing Knowledge, Changing Rules The Law's Construction of Expertise The Technical Discourse of Government Law in the Republic … Foreword by Richard C. Leone Preface The Intersections of Science and Law Changing Knowledge, Changing Rules The Law's Construction of Expertise The Technical Discourse of Government Law in the Republic of Science Toxic Torts and the Politics of Causation Legal Encounters with Genetic Engineering Family Affairs Definitions of Life and Death Toward a More Reflective Alliance Notes Index

Handbook of Collaborative Management Research

2008-01-01

Abraham B. Shani , Susan Albers Mohrman , William A. Pasmore +2 more

Societal Implications of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

2001-01-01

Mihail C. Roco , William Sims Bainbridge

Research and Relevant Knowledge: American Research Universities since World War II.

1994-09-01

Dael Wolfle , Roger L. Geiger

The rise of American research universities to international preeminence constitutes one of the most important episodes in the history of higher education. Research and Relevant Knowledge follows Geiger's earlier volume … The rise of American research universities to international preeminence constitutes one of the most important episodes in the history of higher education. Research and Relevant Knowledge follows Geiger's earlier volume on American research universities from 1900 to 1940. This second work is the first study to trace this momentous development in the post-World War II period. It describes how the federal government first relied on university scientists during the war, and how the resulting relationship set the pattern for the postwar mushrooming of academic research. The first half of the book analyzes the development of the postwar system of academic research, exploring the contributions of foundations, defense agencies, and universities. The second half depicts the rise of the golden age of academic research in the years after Sputnik (1957) and its eventual dissolution at the end of the 1960s graduate education. When the federal patron soon reduced its largesse, university students took the lead in challenging the putative hegemony of academic research. The loss of consensus quickly brought the malaise of the 1970s - stagnation, frustration, and equivocation about the research role. The final chapter appraises the renaissance of the 1980s, based largely on a rapprochement with the private sector, and ends by evaluating the embattled status of research universities at the beginning of the 1990s. Research and Relevant Knowledge provides the first authoritative analytical account of American research universities during their most fateful half-century. It will be of critical importance to all those concerned with the future of higher education in the United States.

Technological Forecasting in Perspective

1966-10-01

Raymond S. Isenson

The term, technological forecasting, is appearing with ever increasing frequency in the public utterances of government and industrial leaders. Yet it is obvious to even the most casual observer that … The term, technological forecasting, is appearing with ever increasing frequency in the public utterances of government and industrial leaders. Yet it is obvious to even the most casual observer that little agreement exists as to the meaning of the term, the potential for useful forecasting, regardless of detailed nature, or the status of relevant studies. The purpose of this paper is to review generally the various, apparently useful forecasting techniques, to offer a rationale basis for undertaking a technological forecast, and to place technological forecasting in perspective with regard to other planning inputs.

The Linear Model of Innovation

2006-10-27

Benoı̂t Godin

One of the first (conceptual) frameworks developed for understanding the relation of science and technology to the economy has been the linear model of innovation. The model postulated that innovation … One of the first (conceptual) frameworks developed for understanding the relation of science and technology to the economy has been the linear model of innovation. The model postulated that innovation starts with basic research, is followed by applied research and development, and ends with production and diffusion. The precise source of the model remains nebulous, having never been documented. Several authors who have used, improved, or criticized the model in the past fifty years rarely acknowledged or cited any original source. The model usually was taken for granted. According to others, however, it comes directly from V. Bush’s Science: The Endless Frontier ([1945] 1995). This article traces the history of the linear model, suggesting that it developed in three steps corresponding to three scientific communities looking at science analytically. The article argues that statistics is a main reason the model is still alive despite criticisms, alternatives, and having been proclaimed dead.

Poverty and Opportunity Structure in Rural America

1990-08-01

Ann R. Tickamyer , Cynthia M. Duncan

Rural areas have a disproportionate share of the US poverty population. Like poor urban communities, the persistence and severity of poverty in rural America can be linked to a limited … Rural areas have a disproportionate share of the US poverty population. Like poor urban communities, the persistence and severity of poverty in rural America can be linked to a limited opportunity structure which is the outcome of both past social and economic development policies and current economic transformation. Many rural communities lack stable employment, opportunities for mobility, investment in the community, and diversity in the economy and other social institutions. They are increasingly socially and spatially isolated and particularly vulnerable to adverse effects from structural economic change. This study reviews research on rural poverty and traces its relationship to its historical roots in social, political, and economic inequality and to current economic restructuring. Relevant sources of information on rural poverty include classic community and regional analyses, studies of rural-urban migration, regional development and underdevelopment, economic restructuring, and labor market analysis.

The fifth branch: science advisers as policymakers

1991-04-01

1. Rationalizing Politics The Rise of Social Regulation and Policymaking Expertise and Trust The Contingency of Knowledge The Reform Debate An Alternative Approach 2. Flawed Decisions Nitrites 2,4,5-T Love Canal … 1. Rationalizing Politics The Rise of Social Regulation and Policymaking Expertise and Trust The Contingency of Knowledge The Reform Debate An Alternative Approach 2. Flawed Decisions Nitrites 2,4,5-T Love Canal Estimates of Occupational Cancer The Technocratic Response A Critical Counterpoint 3. for the People The Rationale for Public The Expert Agency Scientific Advice and Open Government Judicial Review of Policy The Weakening of the Paradigm 4. Peer Review and Regulatory The Traditions of Peer Review Peer Review in Practice Instructive Failures Regulatory Science: Content and Context Implications for Regulatory Peer Review 5. EPA and the Advisory Board Early Political Challenges A New Cooperation Boundary Exercises SAB's Impact on Policy Conclusion 6. The and Policy of Clean Air CASAC and the NAAQS Process and Standards Redefining CASAC's Role The Carbon Monoxide Controversy CASAC's Effectiveness: Bridging and Policy 7. Advisers as Adversaries The Scientific Advisory Panel Implementing the Impossible Ethylene Dibromide Dicofol Alar A Fragmentation of Authority 8. FDA's Advisory Network The Scientific Evaluation of Drugs Expertise and Food Safety Advice and Decision 9. Coping with New Knowledge The Quest for Principled Risk Assessment Formaldehyde: An Uncertain Carcinogen Conclusion 10. Technocracy Revisited A Public-Private Partnership for Risk Assessment without Politics The Public Board of Inquiry Wider Applications 11. The Political Function of From Advice to Policy Acceptable Risk Scientific Advice as Legitimation: Negotiation and Boundary Work Defining Good Science Normative Implications Conclusion Notes Index

Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry

2010-04-15

Malcolm A. Kelland

Modern production methods and environmental constraints demand chemical solutions. And as oilfields age, the need for chemicals to ensure steady production increases. Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry … Modern production methods and environmental constraints demand chemical solutions. And as oilfields age, the need for chemicals to ensure steady production increases. Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry describes classes of production chemicals for use topside and downhole in the upstream oil and gas industry. It includes coverage of

The Formation of Professions: Knowledge, State and Strategy.

1991-05-01

Andrew Abbott , Rolf Torstendahl , Michael Burrage

America by Design: Science, Technology, and the Rise of Corporate Capitalism

1978-07-01

Alfred D. Chandler , David F. Noble

“HOT, FLAT, AND CROWDED: WHY WE NEED A GREEN REVOLUTION – AND HOW IT CAN RENEW AMERICA”

2009-06-01

Adeel Jamaluddin Khan

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Women Scientists in America: Struggles and Strategies to 1940.

1983-06-01

National Science Board

1952-01-01

Chester I. Barnard, president of the Rockefeller Foundation, was elected chairman of the National Science Board of the National Science Foundation at its second annual meeting held in Washington on … Chester I. Barnard, president of the Rockefeller Foundation, was elected chairman of the National Science Board of the National Science Foundation at its second annual meeting held in Washington on December 3rd. Dr. Barnard succeeds James B. Conant, president of Harvard University, who was elected to serve the initial term as chairman of the Board on December 12, 1950. Edwin B. Fred, president of the University of Wisconsin, was re-elected vice chairman of the National Science Board. The new chairman and vice chairman were elected for two-year terms of office as prescribed by the National Science Foundation Act of 1950. Four members of the executive committee, whose terms had expired, were also re-elected. These were: Dr. Barnard; Detlev Bronk, president of the Johns Hopkins University and president of the National Academy of Sciences; Lee A. DuBridge, president of the California Institute of Technology; and Elvin C. Stakman, chief of the division of plant pathology and botany at the University of Minnesota.

Women Scientists in America

1982-01-01

Margaret W. Rossiter

State of innovation: the U.S. government's role in technology development

2011-02-01

Fred Block , Matthew Keller

Foreword: Peter Evans Preface Chapter 1 Introduction: Innovation and the Invisible Hand of Government Fred Block Introduction to Part I Telling the Stories: What Are The Instruments and How Have … Foreword: Peter Evans Preface Chapter 1 Introduction: Innovation and the Invisible Hand of Government Fred Block Introduction to Part I Telling the Stories: What Are The Instruments and How Have They Been Deployed in Different Parts of the Economy? Chapter 2 The Military's Hidden Hand: Examining the Dual-Use Origins of Biotechnology in the American Context, 1969-1972 Shelley L. Hurt Chapter 3 Political Structures and the Making of U.S. Biotechnology Steven P. Vallas, Daniel Lee Kleinman, and Dina Biscotti Chapter 4 To Hide or Not to Hide? The Advanced Technology Program and the Future of U.S. Civilian Technology Policy Marian Negoita Chapter 5 Green Capitalists in a Purple State: Sandia National Laboratories and the Renewable Energy Industry in New Mexico Andrew Schrank Chapter 6 The CIA's Pioneering Role in Public Venture Capital Initiatives Matthew R. Keller Chapter 7 DARPA Does Moore's Law: The Case of DARPA and Optoelectronic Interconnects Erica Fuchs Introduction to Part II. Scale, Significance, and Implications A Evaluating Impact Chapter 8 Where do Innovations Come From? Transformations in the U.S. Economy, 1970-2006 Fred Block and Matthew R. Keller Chapter 9 Failure to Deploy: Solar Photovoltaic Policy in the U.S. Chris P. Knight B The U.S. Case in Global Perspective Chapter 10 From Developmental Network State to Market Managerialism in Ireland Sean O Riain Chapter 11 China's (Not-So-Hidden) Developmental State: Becoming a Leading Nanotechnology Innovator in the 21st Century Richard P. Appelbaum, Rachel Parker, Cong Cao, and Gary Gereffi C Towards an Innovation Society Chapter 12 Everyone an Innovator John A. Alic Chapter 13 The Paradox of the Weak State Revisited: Industrial Policy, Network Governance, and Political Decentralization Josh Whitford and Andrew Schrank Chapter 14 Conclusion. Avoiding Network Failure: The Case of the National Nanotechnology Initiative Christopher Newfield

Douglas B. Lenat and R. V. Guha : Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems, Representation and Inference in the Cyc Project, Addison-Wesley (1990).

1990-09-01

康己斉藤

EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2025-06-20

Leyla Yadigarova | Elmi əsərlər.

In an increasingly knowledge-driven global landscape, research in higher education institutions (HEIs) plays a vital role not only in fostering academic excellence but also in supporting national innovation systems, work-force … In an increasingly knowledge-driven global landscape, research in higher education institutions (HEIs) plays a vital role not only in fostering academic excellence but also in supporting national innovation systems, work-force development, and evidence-informed policymaking. This article explores the governance and manage-ment of research activities in HEIs, emphasizing the need for contextually adaptive frameworks amid growing global competition and complexity. Drawing on comparative analysis across post-Soviet and international contexts, the study examines how diverse institutional, cultural, and political environments influence research governance models. The input-process-output (IPO) model is employed as an analytical framework to catego-rize elements of research governance into three key stages: institutional inputs (such as funding and infra-structure), managerial processes (such as quality assurance and strategic coordination), and research outputs (including impact, publications, and collaboration). Based on literature review, policy documents, and select-ed case comparisons, the study proposes a generalized, adaptable framework for enhancing research produc-tivity and governance efficiency in universities. Findings suggest that successful research governance hinges on institutional autonomy, leadership, a strong research culture, and mechanisms for stakeholder coordination and quality monitoring. The study also highlights the importance of integrating interdisciplinary and institu-tional research, fostering innovation ecosystems, and ensuring alignment with broader educational and socio-economic goals. By offering insights into common challenges and best practices, this article contributes to ongoing efforts in building more effective and resilient research management systems within diverse higher education systems.

WiSDOM in Action: Pioneering the Future of Energy and Materials Science

2025-06-17

Sriparna Chatterjee , Pooja Devi | International Journal of Advances in Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics

Women scientists through the ages

2025-06-13

Nina Meinzer | Nature Physics

The ACS 150-year commitment to lifelong learning

2025-06-02

ACS President Dorothy J. Phillips | C&EN Global Enterprise

Counterculture and Social Revolution in the Context of Project Activity. Appropriate Technology and the Whole Earth Catalog

2025-06-01

ALEXEY V. SAZIKOV | Art & Culture Studies

The article examines the importance of counterculture and alternative technologies, primarily appropriate technologies, in shaping the environmental movement aimed at using scientific achievements, new technologies, ecological thinking, and ecodesign in … The article examines the importance of counterculture and alternative technologies, primarily appropriate technologies, in shaping the environmental movement aimed at using scientific achievements, new technologies, ecological thinking, and ecodesign in the social revolution in the West in the 1960s and 1970s. Maintaining energy and information awareness were described as the basic skills needed to change the system. The article shows how under the influence of the politics of the New Left the representatives of the counterculture, such as the publisher of the Whole Earth Catalog Stuart Brand, designers Richard Buckminster Fuller and Victor Papanek, and organizations such as the New Alchemy Institute began to work on creating an alternative society from scratch, adapting science and technology for people. The fusion of technology and counterculture became the key to personal freedom and self-sufficiency.

Patent Mill and Paper Mill: Can it Build the Scientific Career or Act as an Academic Barrier

2025-06-01

| Acta Scientific Medical Sciences

Nature vs. Culture: Ecological Reverberations in Robert Penn Warren’s Flood

2025-06-01

Dr.K.Srividhya Dr.K.Srividhya | Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science

Eco-critical study has become a popular genre in recent literary trends. The opposition and the lack of connection between culture and nature have led to the degradation and destruction of … Eco-critical study has become a popular genre in recent literary trends. The opposition and the lack of connection between culture and nature have led to the degradation and destruction of the living environment. ‘Man is an integral part of culture.’ He exploits the natural environment to live a comfortable life, and in exchange, he doesn’t give anything back to nature. It results in huge devastation for both human societies and nature. This research study focuses on environmental issues caused by men in Robert Penn Warren’s Flood, a romance of our time . The story has the baseline of the devastating flood that has inundated Tennessee. The construction of the dam causes not just the havoc of the flood, but it is more than that: the thought of losing a rich heritage. Brad Tolliver, the protagonist, arrives at his hometown, Tennessee. He hears the news that a dam is to be constructed to produce electricity. This causes panic among the people. The cultural heritage would be completely wiped out because of modern ideologies. This research paper explores the destruction caused to the people of Tennessee and how their lives are disrupted by the intervention of modern advancement. The paper also underscores the importance of culture and nature in achieving sustainability.

AACP Argus Commission Forecast 2025

2025-06-01

Todd D. Sorensen , Craig D. Cox , Stuart T. Haines +7 more | American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

Intrinsic Role of Green Technologies and Renewable Energy: A Pathway to Mitigate Climate Change in China

2025-05-28

Chunhui Huo , Javaria Hameed , Haifa A. Alqhtani +2 more

ABSTRACT The present study provides the nexus between green technology, renewable energy systems and sustainable economic growth in China by assessing comprehensive time series data from 1990 to 2021. It … ABSTRACT The present study provides the nexus between green technology, renewable energy systems and sustainable economic growth in China by assessing comprehensive time series data from 1990 to 2021. It employs quantile‐on‐quantile regression and the Augmented Dickey–Fuller test to assess how policies promoting green technology and renewable energy systems impact China's sustainable economic trajectory towards building a low‐carbon economy for climate change mitigation. The results reveal that all variables become stationary at first difference, except for green technology. There is a positive correlation between green technology, renewable energy systems and sustainable economic growth. Notably, an increase in the rate of green technology and resource management efficiency tends to increase economic growth, emphasising their transformative potential for fostering sustainability. In contrast, the increase in interest rates hinders economic growth. Furthermore, inflation and gross capital formation exhibit positive associations with sustainable economic growth. Policymakers should focus on transition to a low‐carbon economy through targeted resource allocation for low‐carbon technologies and the policies promoting energy efficiency, especially in the urban and industrial sectors. The current study also identifies limitations, like data constraints, methodological challenges and policy interaction complexity. By highlighting these limitations and further exploration can assist multi‐criteria decision making and policymakers to foster green, prospect and sustainable climate change.

Why We don’t Need Federally Funded Education Research

2025-05-28

Jay P. Greene | Journal of School Choice

The governmental origins of American innovation in clean technologies

2025-05-26

Nicolas Wittstock

The power of suggestion: engagement, industriousness and General Motors–Holden’s suggestion plan

2025-05-22

Carolyn Collins , Paul Sendziuk

Back to the future of industrial research: Early double-impact research at General Electric, AT&T and DuPont (1902–1948)

2025-05-19

Sylvain Lenfle , Pascal Le Masson

Achieving Excellence in Chlorine Training

2025-05-15

Rute Santos , Lucas W. McCoy

Using chlorine gas for water disinfection is an effective method, but it's replete with health risks. To help ensure employee and public health, Phoenix Water developed a comprehensive training program … Using chlorine gas for water disinfection is an effective method, but it's replete with health risks. To help ensure employee and public health, Phoenix Water developed a comprehensive training program for its staff.

Blending Fundamental and Applied Research at the Southern Nevada Water Authority

2025-05-13

Eric C. Wert , Brett J. Vanderford , Eric Dickenson +2 more

Key Takeaways Utility research programs can provide solutions to a wide range of challenges and help utilities prepare for the future. Utilities are uniquely positioned to blend fundamental and applied … Key Takeaways Utility research programs can provide solutions to a wide range of challenges and help utilities prepare for the future. Utilities are uniquely positioned to blend fundamental and applied research. Core research themes pursued by the Southern Nevada Water Authority include regulatory compliance, infrastructure protection, and contaminants of emerging concern.

A Soil Scientist Goes to Washington: Navigating the Path to National Science Leadership

2025-05-09

Asmeret Asefaw Berhe

WHAT TO EXPECT FROM THE SECOND TRUMP ADMINISTRATION

2025-05-06

A Secular Bible: Contesting Scientific Knowledge Claims on How to Translate the Old Testament in Sweden, 1971–1974

2025-05-04

Richard Pleijel

Grant Writing for Educational Administrators

2025-05-01

Kakungulu Samuel J.

In an era of tightening educational budgets and increasing demands for school innovation, grant writing has become a crucial skill for educational administrators. This paper offers a comprehensive guide to … In an era of tightening educational budgets and increasing demands for school innovation, grant writing has become a crucial skill for educational administrators. This paper offers a comprehensive guide to the grant writing process, tailored specifically for school leaders seeking to secure external funding. It examines the current grant landscape, categorizes available funding types, and provides strategies for identifying potential funding sources. Emphasis is placed on the importance of building collaborative proposal teams, understanding the structural components of grant proposals, and writing with clarity and purpose. Furthermore, the paper addresses evaluation planning, the submission process, and effective post-submission strategies. By equipping administrators with the knowledge and tools necessary to write competitive proposals, this guide aims to demystify the grant process and empower leaders to leverage grant funding in pursuit of educational excellence and equity. Keywords: Grant Writing, Educational Leadership, School Funding, Proposal Development, Federal Grants, Educational Improvement

American Gastroenterological Association Policy Priorities for our 2025 Legislative Agenda

2025-05-01

Omeed Alipour , Sheila D. Rustgi , Kathleen Teixeira +2 more

Trump vs higher education: stifling American innovation

2025-05-01

The Lancet

THE GENTLEMANLY LAST YEARS OF GEORGE DUREAU

2025-04-24

Corrigendum to “Training Faculty in Entrepreneurship and Innovation: An Evaluation of the National Science Foundation Innovation-Corps™ Program”

2025-04-21

Blockchain and CPAs: Assessing Preparedness in a Technologically Evolving Profession

2025-04-20

Joanna Kardys-Stone , Karina Kasztelnik

Blockchain technology is reshaping industries with its emphasis on transparency, security, and decentralization. As this technology becomes integrated into business operations, Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) face new challenges in adapting … Blockchain technology is reshaping industries with its emphasis on transparency, security, and decentralization. As this technology becomes integrated into business operations, Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) face new challenges in adapting their practices to meet the clients' needs using blockchain. This research examines the preparedness of CPAs assessing their knowledge, skills, and competencies related to blockchain technology. Utilizing interviews, the study provides a comprehensive evaluation of how well CPAs are equipped to handle the complexities of blockchain. The findings highlight significant gaps in blockchain education and training within the accounting profession, indicating needs for targeted professional development initiatives. The study identifies critical areas where CPAs need support and offers actionable recommendations to enhance their readiness in an evolving technological landscape. Addressing these gaps will better position the accounting profession to meet demands of the future where blockchain technology plays a central role in financial reporting, auditing, and compliance.

Energy Department cuts university overhead rates to 15% on research grants

2025-04-11

An Evaluation of the Industrial Research Assistance Program

2025-04-10

J.N. Lester

The Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP) supports R&D performed by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), financially assists not-for-profit organizations that provide innovation services to SMEs, and participates in the Youth … The Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP) supports R&D performed by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), financially assists not-for-profit organizations that provide innovation services to SMEs, and participates in the Youth Employment and Skills Strategy. IRAP funding is approximately $400 million for the 2024-25 fiscal year. About 90 percent of the funding supports R&D performed by SMEs, which is the focus of this paper. IRAP support for R&D consists of non-repayable contributions and the provision of advice by industrial technology advisors (ITAs). Financial support for R&D is generous: over the seven years ending in 2022-23, excluding the pandemic year, financial assistance averaged almost 37 percent of approved project costs. Almost all firms receiving IRAP assistance also benefit from federal and provincial tax incentives for R&D, bringing the total subsidy to almost 64 percent of project costs. IRAP provides financial support for numerous small projects, each of which requires a separate contribution agreement. In addition, IRAP provides intensive non-financial support in the form of technical and business advice to many firms. This approach results in high program delivery costs: in recent years operating costs amounted to 17.5 percent of financial assistance provided. Excluding advice provided by ITAs, which is another form of financial assistance to firms, the operating cost ratio was 15.5 per cent. In contrast, the operating cost ratio of the Strategic Innovation Fund, which supports large projects and offers a much lower level of client services, is around 2 percent. IRAP documentation states that the ultimate objective of supporting R&D is wealth creation in Canada. The two most recent evaluations of IRAP (National Research Council of Canada 2017, National Research Council 2022) assess this objective using benefit-cost analysis, concluding that the program provides a net benefit to Canada. However, this analysis compares the private benefit (profits) of client firms with the fiscal cost of the subsidy. It does not measure the net social benefit of the program. An analysis of the social costs and benefits demonstrates that IRAP is not fulfilling its mandate. Analysed as a separate program IRAP fails a benefit-cost test because of a high subsidy rate and high operating costs. However, IRAP subsidies are essentially a top-up for selected firms receiving the SR&ED tax credit, which also fails a benefit-cost test. Instead of excessively subsidizing R&D, IRAP funding would be more effectively deployed as repayable assistance for commercialization and scaleup in Canada.

Governance in the Research University

2025-04-07

Syed Saad Andaleeb

A Pollutant’s Tale: An Interactive Talk on the Chemistry of the Earth’s Climate and Its Response to Pollutants

2025-04-03

Timothy G. Harrison , Michael T. Davies‐Coleman , Alison C. Rivett +7 more

A Pollutant's Tale and its primary school version, Gases in the Air, are two talks that have been developed and modified over the last ca. 18 years, that provide audiences … A Pollutant's Tale and its primary school version, Gases in the Air, are two talks that have been developed and modified over the last ca. 18 years, that provide audiences from approximately 4-90 years old with the background to the composition of the Earth's lower atmosphere, the Earth's climate, and the impact of air pollution. In this article, we describe the content of the talks and provide videos of each experiment individually as well as a recorded performance of both talks to an empty auditorium. In this article, we discuss ways that the talk can be further developed and its impact on audiences.

Erratum: Sustainability Strategy for the Cool Copper Collider [PRX Energy 2, 047001 (2023)]

2025-04-02

M. Breidenbach , B. A. Bullard , Emilio A. Nanni +2 more

Rebuilding a KINShip Approach to the Climate Crisis: A Comparison of Indigenous Knowledges Policy in Canada and the United States

2025-04-01

Danya Carroll , Nicole Redvers , Deborah McGregor

Indigenous Peoples have developed Indigenous knowledge systems that have been fundamental to stewarding their territories for millennia. Yet, there remains a continued need for more recognition and frameworks that can … Indigenous Peoples have developed Indigenous knowledge systems that have been fundamental to stewarding their territories for millennia. Yet, there remains a continued need for more recognition and frameworks that can equitably promote Indigenous knowledges and their vital role in addressing the ongoing climate crisis. Given the evolving policy landscape for Indigenous Peoples in relation to their Indigenous knowledges, it is important to monitor and reflect on how these policies may impact Indigenous communities. To support further policy discourse, we therefore carried out a policy study to compare Indigenous knowledge policy and frameworks in Canada and the United States including their similarities, differences, and gap areas. We more specifically aimed to formally analyze key Indigenous knowledges policy in both countries to provide further reflection on the Canadian Indigenous knowledges policy landscape while also proposing key policy recommendations. Findings from our policy review demonstrate that Indigenous knowledges policy in both countries is still fairly new with a lack of clarity on the success of operationalizing these policies across jurisdictions and regions. Furthermore, the current states of policies and frameworks exemplify the continued need to acknowledge the contribution of Indigenous knowledges from a rights-based perspective alongside Western science in addressing climate change, including how it impacts Indigenous Peoples.

When Your Technical Skills Are Eclipsed, Your Humanity Will Matter More Than Ever

2025-04-01

Jonathan Westover

This article examines the shifting landscape of workplace skills in an era of rapid technological advancement, particularly as artificial intelligence and automation increasingly match or surpass human technical capabilities. While … This article examines the shifting landscape of workplace skills in an era of rapid technological advancement, particularly as artificial intelligence and automation increasingly match or surpass human technical capabilities. While acknowledging the unprecedented pace of technological disruption across industries, the article argues that human "soft skills" - specifically empathy, communication, and relationship-building abilities - will become increasingly crucial for career longevity and success. Through analysis of research studies, industry examples, and organizational case studies, the article demonstrates how technical professionals can remain relevant by developing these distinctly human competencies, suggesting that the future belongs not to those with technical expertise alone, but to those who can combine technical knowledge with strong interpersonal abilities.

A History of Radioecology by Patrick C. Kangas (review)

2025-04-01

When Your Technical Skills Are Eclipsed, Your Humanity Will Matter More Than Ever

2025-04-01

Jonathan Westover

15 Years of California’s Science & Technology Policy Fellowship

2025-04-01

Bruce Alberts , Sarah Brady , Karlheinz Friedrich +2 more

Lessons from a thriving Sacramento-based program can help similar initiatives improve decisionmaking across the nation. Lessons from a thriving Sacramento-based program can help similar initiatives improve decisionmaking across the nation.

Tajikistan Country Climate and Development Report

2025-03-28