Economics, Econometrics and Finance Finance

The First Global Financial Crisis of the 21st Century

Description

This cluster of papers covers a wide range of topics related to the first global financial crisis of the 21st century, including its economic impact, cultural analysis, urbanization, historical practices, social historical practices, rural protest, and the print trade. The papers delve into various aspects of the crisis and its effects on different regions and communities.

Keywords

Financial Crisis; Global World; Seventeenth Century; Economic Impact; Cultural Analysis; Urbanization; Historical Practices; Social Historical; Rural Protest; Print Trade

Violent and recurrent confrontations between disorderly women and patriarchal power are a major feature of the tragedies of Shakespeare, Webster and Middleton. This study interrelates racial and sexual differences to … Violent and recurrent confrontations between disorderly women and patriarchal power are a major feature of the tragedies of Shakespeare, Webster and Middleton. This study interrelates racial and sexual differences to explore the construction of Renaissance authority and the politics of English studies, particularly Renaissance drama, in post-colonial education. The recurrent confrontations between the disorderly women and the patriarchal status quo are discussed in the light of the historical and theoretical interweaving of race and gender. Ania Loomba further juxtaposes these with the conditions of the plays' reception in the contemporary classroom to examine the dynamic and fluid contact between the Western literary canon and the black intellectual.
Henri is best known for his provocative argument - known as the Pirenne and familiar to all students of medieval Europe - that it was not the invasion of the … Henri is best known for his provocative argument - known as the Pirenne and familiar to all students of medieval Europe - that it was not the invasion of the Germanic tribes that destroyed the civilization of antiquity, but rather the closing of Mediterranean trade by Arab conquest in the seventh century. The consequent interruption of long distance commerce accelerated the decline of the ancient cities of Europe. first formulated his thesis in articles and then expanded on them in Medieval Cities.In the book traces the growth of the medieval city from the tenth century to the twelfth, challenging conventional wisdom by attributing the origins of medieval cities to the revival of trade. In addition, describes the clear role the middle class played in the development of the modern economic system and modern culture. The Pirenne was fully worked out in the book Mohammed and Charlemagne, which appeared shortly after Pirenne's death. was one of the world's leading historians and arguably the most famous Belgium had produced. During World War I, while teaching at the University of Ghent, he was arrested for supporting Belgium's passive resistance and deported to Germany, where he was held from 1916 to 1918. In 1922, universities in various parts of the United States invited him to deliver lectures: out of these lectures grew Medieval Cities, which appeared in English translation before being published in French in 1927.
The Coffee House: A Cultural History, by Markman Ellis (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2004; pp. xiv + 304. £18.99). This new cultural history of coffee houses begins by exploring the … The Coffee House: A Cultural History, by Markman Ellis (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2004; pp. xiv + 304. £18.99). This new cultural history of coffee houses begins by exploring the historical roots of coffee drinking. The ‘wine of Islam’, which was originally grown in the Yemen and consumed in the mid-sixteenth-century coffee houses of Constantinople, was introduced to western Europeans by the German botanist Leonhard Rauwolf, who encountered coffee at Aleppo in 1573. Chapters on the first English coffee house and ‘The Republic of Coffee’ trace the rise of coffee-drinking in England during the Interregnum, mapping the early history of the first coffee houses in Cornhill through such diverse sources as vestry minutes and street plans. Coffee houses in the 1650s gave rise to such radical innovations as the ballot box at Harrington's Rota club, which met in Miles's Coffee House. By the 1660s, coffee houses were widely known as places where people could speak their minds, characterised by ‘the quality of fellowship, brotherhood and company’, and their early association with scurrilous pamphlets, unlicensed news, and ‘freedom of words’, a propensity which led to an early and abortive attempt by Charles II to have them closed down. Ellis explores the manifold contributions of the late-seventeenth- and eighteenth-century coffee houses to metropolitan literary, philosophical, and scientific pursuits (particularly memorable is Robert Hooke and Edward Tyson's public dissection of a porpoise at Garraway's). Also included are the emergent financial institutions of the City of London: coffee houses were prototypes for the stock exchange and for insurance companies, of which Lloyds Coffee House was the most prominent example. He sketches their rise as a British institution outside London (although more detailed research is still needed in this area), and in continental Europe and America. The author does not neglect to consider the history of caffeine (the drug was isolated in 1821, although coffee and wakefulness had a long association) and ‘psycho-pharmacology’ of coffee as a ‘think drink’—still an invaluable stimulant to many a student undergoing a late-night essay crisis. His account of the demise of the coffee house in the late-eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is persuasive. The separation of the home from the workplace, work from leisure, and pressure on real estate, argues Ellis, was a major contributing factor to the decline in the popularity of coffee houses in London. In many respects (to paraphrase and extend his argument further) coffee houses helped give birth to capitalism, but capitalism killed the coffee house. Ellis gives a useful overview of the subsequent emergence of a historiography of the coffee house in the nostalgic tradition of G.M. Trevelyan (who lamented a lost coffee-house milieu of ‘levelling’ propensity), and the left-leaning post-war intellectual inheritance that gave rise to Jürgen Habermas's theory of the public sphere, in which coffee houses played a crucial role. The subject is brought up to date with concluding chapters on the revival of coffee bars in the 1950s ‘espresso revolution’, and the emergence of a global coffee culture through the spread of corporate franchises such as Starbucks in the 1990s. The author laments the latter; he sees the popularity of Starbucks, with their watered-down, milk-and-sugar drinks and uniformly managed interiors (‘non-places’) as a modern travesty of earlier incarnations of coffee house culture, the natural home of risk, debate and political intrigue. In an era of soundbites and public conversation dominated by celebrity trivia, it is hard to disagree with him. Addresses to the non-specialist are largely successful, such as the memorable advice on how to re-create the taste of early modern coffee (p. 130), but the author sometimes overburdens his historical subjects with the language of modern management-speak (Restoration coffee house keepers were apparently ‘building the brand, not just of coffee, but of the English coffee-house experience’). Attention is rightly given to the important work of Simon Smith on the economics of the trade in coffee and tea, but more could have been made of Smith's work on the vital role that sugar prices played in shaping the patterns of consumption of hot drinks. Ellis boldly claims that ‘the history of the coffee house is not business history’ (p. xii), yet this statement undermines the significance of some of his most original findings, not least his estimate of the income of Christopher Bowman, one of London's first coffee house proprietors (p. 37). The book is illustrated in colour and well presented (although Steve Pincus's well-known article ‘Coffee Politicians Does Create’ has curiously mutated into ‘Coffee Politicians Does Great’, n. 30, p. 268). Markman Ellis has successfully written a new cultural history of the coffee house that is both accessible to the non-specialist, yet also offers fresh archival research that will engage the scholar. This book is every bit as stimulating as its subject, and deserves to be widely read. I can only hope that my local Waterstones was atypical in shelving it among the cookery books.
Introduction: The European Enlightenment: The Birth of Modern Civil Society 1. The Public becomes the Private: The English Revolution and the Origins of European Freemasonry 2. Temples of Virtue, Palaces … Introduction: The European Enlightenment: The Birth of Modern Civil Society 1. The Public becomes the Private: The English Revolution and the Origins of European Freemasonry 2. Temples of Virtue, Palaces of Splendor: British Masonic Visions 3. Cultural Encounters: Freemasonry on the Continent 4. Creating Constitutional Societies 5. Freemasonry, Women, and the Paradox of the Enlightenment 6. Speaking the Language of Enlightenment 7. Living the Enlightenment: Cosmopolitan Reformers and Amsterdam Brothers 8. Dissension and Reform in the New Civil Society: The Strasbourg Lodges of the Late Eighteenth Century 9. Le regime ancien et maconnique: The Paris Grand Lodge and the Reform of National Government Conclusion: The Enlightenment Redefined
This is the book that made Simon Schama's reputation when first published in 1987. A historical masterpiece, it is an epic account of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age of … This is the book that made Simon Schama's reputation when first published in 1987. A historical masterpiece, it is an epic account of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age of Rembrandt and van Diemen. In this brilliant work that moves far beyond the conventions of social or cultural history, Simon Schama investigates the astonishing case of a people's self-invention. He shows how, in the 17th-century, a modest assortment of farming, fishing and shipping communities, without a shared language, religion or government, transformed themselves into a formidable world empire - the Dutch republic.
Challenging the textual and iconographic approach to Dutch art which uses methods developed for understanding Italian art, the author claims that the art of 17th century Holland was rooted in … Challenging the textual and iconographic approach to Dutch art which uses methods developed for understanding Italian art, the author claims that the art of 17th century Holland was rooted in a visual culture, reinforced by a new scientific emphasis. This received the Eugene M.Kayden Award in 1983.
Preface 1. The significance of parish church music 2. The Reformation era (1534-59) 3. The establishment of Anglicanism (1559-1644) 4. Commonwealth and restoration (1644-1700) 5. Urban parish church music (1660-1790) … Preface 1. The significance of parish church music 2. The Reformation era (1534-59) 3. The establishment of Anglicanism (1559-1644) 4. Commonwealth and restoration (1644-1700) 5. Urban parish church music (1660-1790) 6. Country psalmody (1685-1830) 7. Reform movements (1760-1830) 8. The rediscovery of tradition (1800-50) 9. The Victorian settlement (1850-1900) 10. The twentieth century 11. Past and present Appendices Bibliography Index.
A revolution in clock technology in England during the 1660s allowed people to measure time more accurately, attend to it more minutely, and possess it more privately than previously imaginable. … A revolution in clock technology in England during the 1660s allowed people to measure time more accurately, attend to it more minutely, and possess it more privately than previously imaginable. In this text, Stuart Sherman argues that innovations in prose emerged simultaneously with this technological breakthrough, enabling authors to recount the new kind of time by which England was learning to live and work. Through readings of Samuel Pepys's diary, Joseph Addison and Richard Steele's daily Spectator, the travel writings of Samuel Johnson and James Boswell and the novels of Daniel Defoe and Frances Burney, Sherman traces the development of a new way of counting time in prose - the diurnal structure of consecutively dated installments - within the cultural context of the daily institutions that gave it form and motion.
The urban scene landscape - the house, street and square, prospects, planning and public buildings leisure - the arts, arenas of display, sport society - the economic foundations, the pursuit … The urban scene landscape - the house, street and square, prospects, planning and public buildings leisure - the arts, arenas of display, sport society - the economic foundations, the pursuit of status, civility and sociability, cultural differentiation town and nation. Appendices: provincial urban squares 1680-1770 provincial town halls and mayoral residences 1655-1770 provincial urban theatres 1700-1770 provincial urban music 1660-1770 provincial urban assemblies, assembly rooms and balls 1660-1770 provincial urban walks and gardens 1630-1770 horse-race meetings 1500-1770.
1. Music and the English Reformation 2. The Elizabethan Settlement 3. The Chapel Royal 4. Some Performance Problems 5. Trends and Influences 6. '... the order of Common Prayer as … 1. Music and the English Reformation 2. The Elizabethan Settlement 3. The Chapel Royal 4. Some Performance Problems 5. Trends and Influences 6. '... the order of Common Prayer as it is to be sung in Churches' 7. Edwardian and Early Elizabethan Church Music 8. The Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries: William Byrd and his Contemporaries 9. Thomas Tomkins and his Contemporaries 10. William Child, his Contemporaries and the Stile Ntiovo in England 11. Published '... for the recreation of all such as delight in Musicke'.
Journal Article The Art of Describing. Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century Get access Svetlana Alpers , xxviii + 273 pp., 4 colour pls., 177 ills. University of Chicago Press … Journal Article The Art of Describing. Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century Get access Svetlana Alpers , xxviii + 273 pp., 4 colour pls., 177 ills. University of Chicago Press and John Murray , 1983 . £25. IVAN GASKELL IVAN GASKELL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Oxford Art Journal, Volume 7, Issue 1, 1984, Pages 57–60, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxartj/7.1.57 Published: 01 March 1984
Public masquerades were a popular and controversial form of urban entertainment in England for most of the eighteenth century. They were held regularly in London and attended by hundreds, sometimes … Public masquerades were a popular and controversial form of urban entertainment in England for most of the eighteenth century. They were held regularly in London and attended by hundreds, sometimes thousands, of people from all ranks of society who delighted in disguising themselves in fanciful costumes and masks and moving through crowds of strangers. The authors shows how the masquerade played a subversive role in the eighteenth-century imagination, and that it was persistently associated with the crossing of class and sexual boundaries, sexual freedom, the overthrow of decorum, and urban corruption. Authorities clearly saw it as a profound challenge to social order and persistently sought to suppress it. The book is in two parts. In the first, the author recreates the historical phenomenon of the English masquerade: the makeup of the crowds, the symbolic language of costume, and the various codes of verbal exchange, gesture, and sexual behavior. The second part analyzes contemporary literary representations of the masquerade, using novels by Richardson, Fielding, Burney, and Inchbald to show how the masquerade in fiction reflected the disruptive power it had in contemporary life. It also served as an indispensable plot-catalyst, generating the complications out of which the essential drama of the fiction emerged. An epilogue discusses the use of the masquerade as a literary device after the eighteenth century. The book contains some 40 illustrations.
Journal Article Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups. Ed. by Stephan Thernstrom, Ann Orlov, and Oscar Handlin. (Cambridge: Belknap, 1980. xxv + 1076 pp. Maps, tables, appendixes, and bibliographies. $60.00) … Journal Article Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups. Ed. by Stephan Thernstrom, Ann Orlov, and Oscar Handlin. (Cambridge: Belknap, 1980. xxv + 1076 pp. Maps, tables, appendixes, and bibliographies. $60.00) Get access David A. Gerber David A. Gerber State University of New York, Buffalo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 68, Issue 1, June 1981, Pages 94–95, https://doi.org/10.2307/1890906 Published: 01 June 1981
This dataset holds the observations recorded during the GEO Biodiversity Day "Cuxhaven Schlosspark, Klasse 5e- Amandus-Abendroth-Gymnasium" in Cuxhaven This dataset holds the observations recorded during the GEO Biodiversity Day "Cuxhaven Schlosspark, Klasse 5e- Amandus-Abendroth-Gymnasium" in Cuxhaven
この論文は, 沖縄人およびアイヌを含む日本人集団の形成史を単一の仮説で説明する二重構造モデルを提唱するものである。このモデルは次の点を想定する。すなわち, 日本列島の最初の居住者は後期旧石器時代に移動してきた東南アジア系の集団で, 縄文人はその子孫である。弥生時代になって第2の移動の波が北アジアから押し寄せたため, これら2系統の集団は列島内で徐々に混血した。この混血の過程は現在も続いており, 日本人集団の二重構造性は今もなお解消されていない。したがって身体•文化の両面にみられる日本の地域性-たとえば東西日本の差など-は, 混血または文化の混合の程度が地域によって異なるために生じたと説明することができる。またこのモデルは, 日本人の形質•文化にみられるさまざまな現象を説明するのみならず, イヌやハツカネズミなど, 人間以外の動物を対象とする研究結果にも適合する。同時に, このモデルによって日本の本土, 沖縄およびアイヌ系各集団の系統関係も矛盾なく説明することができる。 この論文は, 沖縄人およびアイヌを含む日本人集団の形成史を単一の仮説で説明する二重構造モデルを提唱するものである。このモデルは次の点を想定する。すなわち, 日本列島の最初の居住者は後期旧石器時代に移動してきた東南アジア系の集団で, 縄文人はその子孫である。弥生時代になって第2の移動の波が北アジアから押し寄せたため, これら2系統の集団は列島内で徐々に混血した。この混血の過程は現在も続いており, 日本人集団の二重構造性は今もなお解消されていない。したがって身体•文化の両面にみられる日本の地域性-たとえば東西日本の差など-は, 混血または文化の混合の程度が地域によって異なるために生じたと説明することができる。またこのモデルは, 日本人の形質•文化にみられるさまざまな現象を説明するのみならず, イヌやハツカネズミなど, 人間以外の動物を対象とする研究結果にも適合する。同時に, このモデルによって日本の本土, 沖縄およびアイヌ系各集団の系統関係も矛盾なく説明することができる。
In recent years, with China's rapid development, industrial economy has grown rapidly, but it has also led to contradictions between land supply and demand. Many urban villages emerged under this … In recent years, with China's rapid development, industrial economy has grown rapidly, but it has also led to contradictions between land supply and demand. Many urban villages emerged under this context. How to resolve or improve urban village issues has become a critical strategy in contemporary China. During the urban village renewal process, industrial transformation and innovation inevitably occur. Taking Guangzhou City in Guangdong Province as an example, this paper focuses on the area around Guangzhou South Railway Station, supplemented by an analysis of Guangzhous overall urban village renewal, to deeply explore the industrial spatial development in old city renewal. By combining literature analysis and field research methods, this study conducts a quantitative investigation into the industrial spatial evolution of the Shibi area near Guangzhou South Railway Station. Through comparative analysis of land use change data from 2015 to 2023, it is found that the proportion of commercial land in the area increased from 12% to 38%, and the area of commercial service facilities expanded by 270%. The research demonstrates that adopting the "Hub + Headquarters Economy" model has increased the tax contribution per unit land in Shibi by 4.2 times compared to pre-renewal levels, forming a new industrial layout dominated by modern commerce and cross-border e-commerce.

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2025-06-07
| University of California Press eBooks
Brian G. Rubrecht | Asian Conference on Education & International Development official conference proceedings

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2025-05-29
| Cambridge University Press eBooks

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This research systematically analyzes the morphological characteristics, symbolic meanings, and evolutionary patterns of decorative elements in Ming-Qing Chinese and Malacca Baba-Nyonya architecture through a semiotic perspective. The study employs an … This research systematically analyzes the morphological characteristics, symbolic meanings, and evolutionary patterns of decorative elements in Ming-Qing Chinese and Malacca Baba-Nyonya architecture through a semiotic perspective. The study employs an interdisciplinary approach, integrating architectural semiotics theory with field research to construct an analytical framework encompassing morphological analysis, semiotic interpretation, and cross-cultural comparison. Findings reveal that geometric and natural patterns dominate Baba-Nyonya architecture, while animal patterns and character/symbol patterns predominate in Ming-Qing architecture. Decorative elements in cross-cultural transmission demonstrate three translation modes: form preservation-meaning preservation, form preservation-meaning transformation, and form transformation-meaning transformation. Baba-Nyonya architectural decorations exhibit more vibrant colors and higher pattern density, while symbolically transitioning from traditional hierarchical order and religious connotations toward commercial prosperity and family prosperity values. The research findings not only validate Eco's theory of dual functions of architectural signs but also provide historical references and theoretical foundations for cross-cultural architectural design and cultural heritage preservation.
- This research aimed to study the concepts and development models for fishing villages into cultural tourism destinations, using the case study of Ine fishing village, Japan. This study was … - This research aimed to study the concepts and development models for fishing villages into cultural tourism destinations, using the case study of Ine fishing village, Japan. This study was conducted as qualitative research using in-depth interviews, with a sample group consisting fishermen, residents in Ine and scholars with relevant studies, total 15 samples. The research findings indicated that the fishing village applies the concept of “Kankou Machizukuri” for its development. This concept refers to urban development for tourism through public participation by focusing on resources in the area. Importantly, the Kankou Machizukuri concept has no well-defined mechanism and process; development processes depend on the objectives and context of the specific area. Regarding the development model of Ine fishing village, it was found that various stakeholders are involved in the development as follows: (1) The central government developed a conservation mechanism called DENKEN, which is a framework emphasizing collaboration among all sectors. In this mechanism, the central government provided budget and technical assistance for the preservation of old buildings. (2) The local government established the Ine Town Council and developed financial mechanisms to support small businesses. (3) The local community recognizes the cultural resources value in the area and proposed the conservation of Funaya houses through the DENKEN mechanism, as well as the establishment of a city conservation committee to drive conservation and development at the community level. (4) Civil society supports the development of the Ine fishing village under the essential support from fishermen’s cooperative.

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2025-05-12
ABSTRACT Chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) were introduced to Japan in the middle Yayoi period (fourth to third centuries BCE ), but widespread consumption did not occur until the … ABSTRACT Chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) were introduced to Japan in the middle Yayoi period (fourth to third centuries BCE ), but widespread consumption did not occur until the Edo period (17th to 19th centuries) based on historical documents and archaeological material. To clarify how chicken consumption became popular in early modern Japan, this study analyzed bird remains recovered from sites in three cities: Edo (early modern Tokyo), Nagasaki, and Osaka. We focused on temporal changes and regional differences in the frequency of chicken bones and the growth stages and sex ratios of chickens targeted for consumption. Our findings revealed that the most frequently consumed birds in Edo City during the 17th and 18th centuries were wild ducks and geese. Chicken consumption increased in the Edo period during the 19th century, particularly in samurai residences. By contrast, chicken consumption was popular among the townspeople in Nagasaki and Osaka and among Dutch merchants in Nagasaki since the 17th century. At the former residences of samurai and townspeople in Edo City and Osaka, most of the chickens consumed were male, mature birds, with an increase in the consumption of hens and juvenile chickens in Edo City by the 19th century. Conversely, juvenile chickens and hens were consumed more frequently in Nagasaki than in other cities since the 17th century. These findings suggest regional differences in the spread of chickens as part of the diet consumption and the age and sex of the birds consumed in early modern Japan.
This volume of stylistic scholarship is dedicated to the memory of one of the most inspirational and kindest stylistics scholars of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, Peter Verdonk … This volume of stylistic scholarship is dedicated to the memory of one of the most inspirational and kindest stylistics scholars of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, Peter Verdonk (1934-2021). Verdonk was Professor of Stylistics at the University of Amsterdam and one of the founding members of the Poetics and Linguistics Association (PALA). Many of his colleagues from PALA have contributed chapters to this volume. Each author has chosen as their starting point one of Verdonk’s ideas on literary and linguistic style. Through his many nuanced and illuminating stylistic analyses, Verdonk’s works explore questions pertaining to: How can we recognise styles and stylistic features? How is style used in literary and non-literary contexts? What is the relationship between text and discourse and between production and reception? And, centrally, how can we consider ‘style’ as ‘motivated choice’. The chapters in this volume are erudite and inspirational. Reflecting Verdonk's own influence on the discipline of stylistics and his career-long support of younger scholars, they will motivate new stylistics researchers and students for decades to come.
This is an entry written by Ashley F. Arico on Statuette of a Jackal, Late Period, in the digital publication Ancient Egyptian Art at the Art Institute of Chicago (2025). This is an entry written by Ashley F. Arico on Statuette of a Jackal, Late Period, in the digital publication Ancient Egyptian Art at the Art Institute of Chicago (2025).

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Abstract This article focuses on women’s presence (and absence) in the archives and histories of the English and Dutch East India Companies in the early modern period. By assessing how … Abstract This article focuses on women’s presence (and absence) in the archives and histories of the English and Dutch East India Companies in the early modern period. By assessing how women have been seen in and across surviving archival forms – institutional records, legal documents, personal accounts – I reveal how women have been obscured within or marginalized from such ‘Company histories’. Two first-hand accounts written by women in the period – Johanna Maria van Riebeeck and Judith Weston – are analysed in depth. Grounded in the study of early modern life writing and mobility, my analysis foregrounds the preoccupations and experiences of these women as they moved across company spaces.