Arts and Humanities Language and Linguistics

Linguistics, Language Diversity, and Identity

Description

This cluster of papers explores linguistic borrowing, language contact phenomena, and the influence of one language on another. It delves into topics such as anglicisms, neologisms, pragmatic borrowing, sociolinguistics, and the cultural and semantic implications of lexical influence. The papers also discuss bilingualism and the impact of English on various European languages.

Keywords

Linguistic Borrowing; Language Contact; Anglicisms; Neologisms; Pragmatic Borrowing; Sociolinguistics; Lexical Influence; Cultural Implications; Semantic Changes; Bilingualism

A cogent, freshly written synthesis of new and classic work on crosslinguistic influence, or language transfer, this book is an authoritative account of transfer in second-language learning and its consequences … A cogent, freshly written synthesis of new and classic work on crosslinguistic influence, or language transfer, this book is an authoritative account of transfer in second-language learning and its consequences for language and thought. It covers transfer in both production and comprehension, and discusses the distinction between semantic and conceptual transfer, lateral transfer, and reverse transfer. The book is ideal as a text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in bilingualism, second language acquisition, psycholinguistics, and cognitive psychology, and will also be of interest to researchers in these areas.
The foremost single volume authority on the English language, the Oxford Dictionary of English is at the forefront of language research, focusing on English as it is used today. It … The foremost single volume authority on the English language, the Oxford Dictionary of English is at the forefront of language research, focusing on English as it is used today. It is informed by the most up-to-date evidence from the largest language research programme in the world, including the two-billion-word Oxford English Corpus.
1. BILINGUALISM AND BORROWING. As early as 1886, Hermann Paul pointed out that all borrowing by one language from another is predicated on some minimum of bilingual mastery of the … 1. BILINGUALISM AND BORROWING. As early as 1886, Hermann Paul pointed out that all borrowing by one language from another is predicated on some minimum of bilingual mastery of the two languages.' For any large-scale borrowing a considerable group of bilinguals has to be assumed. The analysis of borrowing must therefore begin with an analysis of the behavior of bilingual speakers. A vast literature has come into being on the subject of borrowing, particularly in the historical studies of individual languages; but there is still room for discussion of the relationship between the observed behavior of bilingual speakers and the results of borrowing as detected by linguists. Any light that can be thrown on the question by a study of bilingual speakers should be welcome to all students interested in borrowing and in the general linguistic problems associated with this process.2 In the present article an effort will be made to define more precisely the terminology used in the linguistic analysis of borrowing, and to set up certain hypotheses concerning the process of borrowing. It should then be possible to test these by their usefulness of application to particular studies of bilingualism and borrowing.3
This chapter focuses on the linguistic ethnographic research conducted with students and teachers associated with a Panjabi complementary school in Birmingham, UK. The study reported is the United Kingdom section … This chapter focuses on the linguistic ethnographic research conducted with students and teachers associated with a Panjabi complementary school in Birmingham, UK. The study reported is the United Kingdom section of an international linguistic ethnographic research project, 'Investigating Discourses of Inheritance and Identity in Four Multilingual European Settings'. A speaker's linguistic repertoire may be the basis on which he/she is described as, for example, a 'social climber', 'politically aware', or 'conservative'. It also considers how metapragmatic stereotypes are deployed in the identification and imagining of multilingual speakers in a city in the United Kingdom. A focus on the reflexive activity of metapragmatic stereotypes has much to offer in understanding the organisation and reproduction of social life. The changing set of conditions and social configurations that constitutes the diversification of diversity in contemporary life is not limited to changes in the ethnic or linguistic make-up of Western populations.
Post-modern, post-structural, and post-colonial thought have brought to the fore new and productive metaphors for understanding social life, challenging normative ideologies that restrict the deployment of certain personal identities.By surfacing … Post-modern, post-structural, and post-colonial thought have brought to the fore new and productive metaphors for understanding social life, challenging normative ideologies that restrict the deployment of certain personal identities.By surfacing implicit power relations traditionally accepted as common sense (Bourdieu, Foucault), locating fissures and intertextualities within discourses previously considered stable and coherent (Bakhtin, Derrida), and elucidating third spaces between dichotomous identity labels (Butler, Bhabha), critical thinkers in this vein have undermined the notion of an essentially stable self and encouraged exploration of social identity as a complex and shifting phenomenon.These commitments in turn offer profound critiques of socio-political structures in the name of liberating oppressed -or dispreferred -selves.However, with their inherently political stance and disregard for strict empirical inquiry, these discourses have simultaneously generated their own counter-productive biases and naiveties.
Since its initial publication, English with an Accent has provoked debate and controversy within classrooms through its in-depth scrutiny of American attitudes toward language.Rosina Lippi-Green discusses the ways in which … Since its initial publication, English with an Accent has provoked debate and controversy within classrooms through its in-depth scrutiny of American attitudes toward language.Rosina Lippi-Green discusses the ways in which discrimination based on accent functions to support and perpetuate social structures and unequal power relations.
The Oxford handbook of linguistic interfaces , The Oxford handbook of linguistic interfaces , کتابخانه دیجیتال و فن آوری اطلاعات دانشگاه امام صادق(ع) The Oxford handbook of linguistic interfaces , The Oxford handbook of linguistic interfaces , کتابخانه دیجیتال و فن آوری اطلاعات دانشگاه امام صادق(ع)
| Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone linguistics
This volume honors the scholarly legacy of Kimberly L. Geeslin. Geeslin’s pioneering work on variation in the Spanish copula system united and extended research in the fields of second language … This volume honors the scholarly legacy of Kimberly L. Geeslin. Geeslin’s pioneering work on variation in the Spanish copula system united and extended research in the fields of second language acquisition and sociolinguistics. Geeslin laid the foundation for a growing subfield of investigation that explores how interlanguages vary in systematic and socially meaningful ways across various modules of language; how variation in learner language relates to the speakers, contexts, and experiences learners are in contact with; and how variable features develop over learning trajectories. This volume connects established and up-and-coming scholars conducting research on second language sociolinguistic variation and exemplifies the present and future of this line of inquiry. Together, these chapters reconsider important questions, pose and test new methods, and challenge long-standing practices to advance both second language acquisition and sociolinguistics. The volume’s collaborative format also pays homage to Kim Geeslin’s unparalleled mentorship and field-wide influence.
Intercultural communication is a historical and cultural phenomenon that has accompanied the development of mankind. The cultural diversity of every nation can be explained to a large extent by the … Intercultural communication is a historical and cultural phenomenon that has accompanied the development of mankind. The cultural diversity of every nation can be explained to a large extent by the ways of communication that have always taken place in history through contact. In terms of learning foreign languages, intercultural communication plays a leading role. The aim of the present study is to analyse the role of intercultural communication in the acquisition of slang vocabulary in English. The significance of the given study is in highlighting the crucial role of intercultural communication in enhancing the acquisition of English slang in order to support a development of more effective, culturally integrated language teaching methods. The method of the study was based on a cross-sectional survey among language students with different levels of English proficiency. The main findings of the study demonstrate that a natural communicative environment can create conditions for learning English slang. Working with native speakers allows for better integration into a new language environment. The study of linguistic variation is necessary at the very beginning of learning a foreign language. The role of teachers in this process is a leading one. It is they who should organise and regulate changes in students’ linguistic and cultural adaptation. To conclude, the intercultural integration plays a leading role in the cognitive integration of slang acquisition. The further use of this study will open up new perspectives in the didactics of English language teaching
Ang pananaliksik na ito ay tumatalakay sa bisa ng interbensyong PiliSalita Pilipit Dila bilang estratehiya sa pagpapaunlad ng kasanayan sa pagbigkas sa wikang Filipino ng mga mag-aaral sa ika-8 baitang … Ang pananaliksik na ito ay tumatalakay sa bisa ng interbensyong PiliSalita Pilipit Dila bilang estratehiya sa pagpapaunlad ng kasanayan sa pagbigkas sa wikang Filipino ng mga mag-aaral sa ika-8 baitang ng Asuncion National High School. Layunin ng pag-aaral na matukoy ang antas ng kahusayan ng mga mag-aaral sa pagbigkas bago at pagkatapos ipatupad ang interbensyon, at suriin kung may makabuluhang pagbabago sa kanilang kasanayan. Gumamit ang mga mananaliksik ng pre-eksperimental na disenyo kung saan isang seksyon ng ika-8 baitang na binubuo ng 27 mag-aaral ang sumailalim sa pre-test, implementasyon ng interbensyon, at post-test. Ang PiliSalita Pilipit Dila ay isang interaktibong gawain na naglalayong mapabuti ang pagbigkas ng mga mag-aaral at mapaunlad ang kanilang kasanayan sa pamamagitan ng pag-uugnay ng mga salita kung saan ang bawat bagong salita ay nagsisimula sa huling letra ng naunang salita. Batay sa resulta ng pag-aaral, natukoy na may positibong epekto ang interbensyon sa pagpapabuti ng kasanayan sa pagbigkas ng mga mag-aaral, t (29)=23.92, p<.001. Ipinapakita nito na epektibo ang PiliSalita Pilipit Dila bilang estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng pagbigkas sa wikang Filipino. Bukod dito, iminungkahi na ang mga tagapagturo ay maglaan ng karagdagang atensyon sa pagpapabuti ng organisasyon, nilalaman, bokabularyo, pamamaraan, at wikang ginamit ng mga mag-aaral sa pagbigkas sa pamamagitan ng iba't ibang angkop na interbensyon upang lalo pang mapaunlad ang kanilang kasanayan. Ang pag-aaral ay nagbigay-diin sa kahalagahan ng makabagong estratehiya upang matugunan ang mga hamon sa pagkatuto ng wika at mapalawak ang kakayahan ng mga mag-aaral sa Filipino. Keywords: PiliSalita Pilipit Dila, Wastong Pagbigkas, Pagsusulit sa Pagbigkas sa wikang Filipino, Mag-aaral sa Baitang 8
Andreja Žele , Rada Lečič | Založba Univerze v Ljubljani (University of Ljubljana Press) eBooks
Slovenščina je bila v Trstu vedno prisotna, vendar njen status ni bil nikoli samoumeven. Morala se je gojiti in razvijati znotraj različnih dejavnosti in k temu so največ prispevali: italijanske … Slovenščina je bila v Trstu vedno prisotna, vendar njen status ni bil nikoli samoumeven. Morala se je gojiti in razvijati znotraj različnih dejavnosti in k temu so največ prispevali: italijanske državne šole s sloven­skim učnim jezikom, kulturno-izobraževalna središča, slovensko gledališče, knjižnice, založbe, različni mediji. Lahko bi rekli, da je raba slovenščine v Trstu omejena in krnjena, zato je treba sproti opozarjati na že uzako­njene jezikovne pravice, hkrati pa spodbujati vzajemno dvo- in večjezičnost ter vzajemno spoštovanje različ­nosti nasploh. Znotraj nabora in izbora jezikovnih študijev sta možna tudi učenje in študij slovenščine.
This paper aims to illustrate how a non-standard Russian variety is translated into the Italian language, by analysing some literary works. The analysis focuses on the so-called ‘Odesa language,’ a … This paper aims to illustrate how a non-standard Russian variety is translated into the Italian language, by analysing some literary works. The analysis focuses on the so-called ‘Odesa language,’ a contact variety of Russian that originated in the city of Odesa at the end of the 18th century. This variety of Russian spoken in Odesa differs from the other varieties of Russian, as it emerged in a multilingual and multicultural space and shows several influences and calques from the languages present in the city. The results of this contact are found at all linguistic levels and can be attributed mainly to the strong presence of Yiddish and Ukrainian substrates. Considering that the language of Odesa displays different non-standard features, it may be challenging for any translator to convey certain linguistic structures. Therefore, I suggest that a successful translating practice should acknowledge the influence of other languages and thus resort to a third language as a mediating language to translate from one language into another. Focusing on the literary works of Isaac Babel, in particularly on Odessa Stories, I will try to show how the linguistic features of the Odesan language are displayed in the Italian translation. In order to do this, I will use three different Italian editions of Odessa Stories, comparing them with the Russian one. Furthermore, I will try to figure out which Italian edition is more adherent to the Russian original and which conserves the non-standard nature and the typical grammatical constructions of the Odesa language.
The present article is a description of the stages involved in compiling a specialized corpus of Macedonian magazine texts and the software tools employed to extract anglicisms from the corpus. … The present article is a description of the stages involved in compiling a specialized corpus of Macedonian magazine texts and the software tools employed to extract anglicisms from the corpus. The texts were collected from the magazine Kapital and cover two distinct periods: the years 2000 and 2020. The size of the corpus is about 2 million tokens and 141,852 types. The software employed produced word lists that later in combination with other statistical techniques produced a refined Anglicism headword list from which new anglicisms were extracted. In addition to the software tools, careful manual inspection was necessary in both the extraction and analysis stages. As a result of the research, a total of 220 completely new anglicisms have been identified. Most of these new anglicisms are not yet included in existing Macedonian dictionaries.
The study investigated the influence of a speaker’s linguistic environment on lexical borrowing in Lukabaras. The main objective was to determine the socio-pragmatic function of the home and business domains … The study investigated the influence of a speaker’s linguistic environment on lexical borrowing in Lukabaras. The main objective was to determine the socio-pragmatic function of the home and business domains on the borrowing of lexical items in Lukabaras from the Nandi language in Chepsaita Scheme. The research adopted the descriptive design. Data was collected from a sample of 36 respondents picked through purposive sampling technique. The analysis focused on borrowed forms of nouns and verbs. The findings showed that whereas the speaker’s linguistic environment pragmatically contributed to lexical borrowing, there was more borrowing in the home domain than the business domain. The study concluded that the socio-pragmatic function of the lexical borrowing was a communicative strategy to foster cross-cultural interactions in the multilingual setting.
Acculturation is the process of adapting to a new culture, in which members of a minority group—such as immigrants—combine elements of their native values and behavioural norms with those of … Acculturation is the process of adapting to a new culture, in which members of a minority group—such as immigrants—combine elements of their native values and behavioural norms with those of the dominant culture in the L2 speaking country. The article presents findings from a study on the acculturation strategies adopted by Polish immigrants living in Welshpool (Wales). The research explores how individuals’ perceptions regarding their native culture and the culture of their L2 speech community shape their chosen acculturation strategies. The study employed a structured interview method, and the collected data were analysed using a coding approach to identify recurring themes and extract quantitative insights. The results highlight the diversity of acculturation strategies among Polish immigrants and support the hypothesis that integration—considered the most desirable strategy according to Berry’s acculturation theory—depends on multiple psychological and social factors. These include, among many others, motivation to learn the host country’s language and openness to interactions with members of the L2 cultural environment.
Elena A. Shlegel | Vestnik Altaiskogo Gosudarstvennogo Pedagogiceskogo Universiteta
From birth, Russian Germans assimilate two cultures - their own people and the culture of the ethnic majority - Russians. This affects the difficult perception of the native language. In … From birth, Russian Germans assimilate two cultures - their own people and the culture of the ethnic majority - Russians. This affects the difficult perception of the native language. In various ethnosociological studies, as well as in population censuses, Russian Germans indicate German, Russian, or both as their mother tongue. The article analyzes the concept of “native language”, as well as the perception of Russian Germans of their native language, the scope and conditions of use of two languages, the influence of the native language of Germans on their ethnic identity.
The following study compares the processes of borrowing foreign words and concepts in the Russian and Chinese languages. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the features of English … The following study compares the processes of borrowing foreign words and concepts in the Russian and Chinese languages. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the features of English loanwords since the lexicon of social networks and mass media is dynamic and much more often replenished with new concepts from the English language, which is currently a universal means of international communication. The study’s relevance is due to the increased interest in understanding the processes of change in modern languages ​​of different systems under the influence of globalization, a comparison of the processes of borrowing in languages, taking into account the national specifics of the language. The study provides a detailed review of scientific sources and literature, describes the research methods, and also provides the results of a comparative analysis of modern Russian and Chinese speech and highlights the main layer of borrowed vocabulary. The discussion section proves that the main functions of borrowing foreign words coincide in both Chinese and Russian due to the strong position of the English language in the period of globalization as a means of international communication. Keywords: loanwords, Russian language, Chinese language, English loanwords, comparative study.
This study examines the use of third-person present subjunctive forms by Romanian L2 speakers at the A2+/B1 level, based on oral production data. Correct usage was observed in only 35% … This study examines the use of third-person present subjunctive forms by Romanian L2 speakers at the A2+/B1 level, based on oral production data. Correct usage was observed in only 35% of cases, with errors frequently involving substitutions with indicative or infinitive forms, pointing to rule overgeneralization, linguistic interference, or instructional transfer. Individual progress varied significantly, with learners following one of four patterns: upward trajectory, linear progression, U shaped development, or inverted U-shaped patterns. Qualitative findings revealed overextension of the morpheme să in early stages, self-correction strategies, and common contexts for subjunctive use. These findings offer a detailed understanding of how learners develop and refine their use of complex grammatical forms like the subjunctive, providing valuable perspectives on interlanguage development at the A2+/B1 levels.
This article examines the impact of the forgetting curve on the process of learning Romanian as a foreign language, focusing on the role of vocabulary in developing communication skills. Starting … This article examines the impact of the forgetting curve on the process of learning Romanian as a foreign language, focusing on the role of vocabulary in developing communication skills. Starting from the challenges learners face in retaining and using vocabulary, it presents effective teaching and learning strategies, such as spaced repetition, that is highlighted as an essential method for maximizing retention and consolidating long-term knowledge. The conclusions provide practical solutions for teachers and learners, aiming to reduce rapid forgetting and improve linguistic competence.
Natalia Rusnak , Yulia Rusnak | Current issues of social sciences and history of medicine
The purpose of the article is to compare finite and non-finite verb forms; to characterize non-finite verbs in the modern Ukrainian language. The relevance of the study is due to … The purpose of the article is to compare finite and non-finite verb forms; to characterize non-finite verbs in the modern Ukrainian language. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in Ukrainian studies, non-finite forms have an ambiguous interpretation. In this morphological class of words, there are aspects that require philosophical justification. In addition, they illustrate the instability of verb boundaries, the emergence of verb forms into other parts of speech. Research methods. In the article as the main general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis are used, as well as linguistic methods – descriptive and observation methods. Conclusions. Non-finite forms are a numerous and diverse class of verb forms that have both common and specific features. All non-finite forms are united by: 1) they have general verb categories of aspect, transitivity-intransitivity and voice (moreover transitivity-intransitivity only influences the formation of participle forms); the category of voice is an important category for participle and impersonal forms in -no, -to, the last one always belong to the passive voice); 2) they have grammatical features of two parts of speech; 3) the dynamic feature is transformed into a static one. Specific features include: the infinitive has syntactic features of a verb and a noun, like a noun, it can be any member of a sentence; the participle and adverb can be considered according to the criteria of parts of speech, and creation of grammatical forms is an important aspect in this class of words; the impersonal form in –no. –to has constant grammatical (morphological) features. Participles and adverbs go beyond the verb
Мақалада қазақ бұқаралық коммуникация құралдарында жарияланған мәтіндердегі сөз байлығы мен мәтін жазушылардың сөздік қорының сапасына талдау жасалған. Мәтіндердің сандық және сапалық өлшемдерін бағалауда BirOtan lex онлайн сервисі қолданылды. Зерттеуде 1990-2024 … Мақалада қазақ бұқаралық коммуникация құралдарында жарияланған мәтіндердегі сөз байлығы мен мәтін жазушылардың сөздік қорының сапасына талдау жасалған. Мәтіндердің сандық және сапалық өлшемдерін бағалауда BirOtan lex онлайн сервисі қолданылды. Зерттеуде 1990-2024 жылдар аралығында «Егемен Қазақстан», «Қазақ әдебиеті» мен «Айқын» газеттерінде, сондай-ақ Facebook және Twitter (қазір Х) әлеуметтік желілерінде жарияланған материалдардың лексикалық байлығының өзгеру динамикасы қарастырылған. Зерттеудің негізгі болжамы – технологиялық жаңашылдықтар мен коммуникациялық процестер қазақ тілінің лексикалық байлығына кері әсерін тигізуде. Атап айтқанда, мәтін жазушылдардың сөз байлығы мен жалпы контенттегі сөздік қордың азаю тенденциясы байқалады. Бұл қазіргі мәтіндердегі лексикалық саналуандықтың шектелуіне әкелуде. Авторлар әлеуметтік медиа сияқты цифрлық платформаларды пайдалану сөздік қордың азаюына және тілдің жұтаңдануына ықпал ететінін атап өтеді. Бұл талдау қазақ тілінің жаңа медиа ортадағы бүгінгі жай-күйі туралы қорытынды жасауға мүмкіндік беріп, жедел технологиялық өзгерістер жағдайында тілді қолдану ерекшеліктерін анықтайды. Зерттеу жұмысында қазіргі ақпараттық дәуір жағдайында қазақ тілін сақтау және оның лексикалық қорын дамытудағы медиа алаңдардың рөлі туралы маңызды тұжырымдар жасалады. Авторлар қазіргі медиа-ортаның контекстінде тілдің жұтаңдануына бастайтын тетіктер мен факторларға назар аударып, цифрлық медиа платформалардың, әсіресе әлеуметтік желілердің, сөздік қордың азаюдағы әсеріне назар аударады. Мақалада қазақ тілінің бұқаралық коммуникациялық ортадағы бүгінгі жай-күйі көрсетіліп, қарқынды технологиялық өзгерістер жағдайында тілдің лексикалық қорын сақтау және дамыту қажеттілігі көрсетіледі. Қазіргі ақпараттық дәуір жағдайында қазақ тілін сақтау және оның сөздік қорын дамытуға қатысты құнды тұжырымдар мен ұсыныстар жасалып, цифрлық дәуірдегі тілдің әлеуетті болашағы қарастырылады.
Nicoleta Neșu | Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia
The Portrait of the Romanian L2 User as a Young (Romanian!) Man. The present study represents an attempt to sketch the portrait of a speaker of Romanian as a foreign … The Portrait of the Romanian L2 User as a Young (Romanian!) Man. The present study represents an attempt to sketch the portrait of a speaker of Romanian as a foreign language - a speaker, however, not at all ordinary, who does not fit into the categories already attested in the literature and who contains, in itself, a linguistic paradox: it refers to a less common, but increasingly numerous, category of young emigrant students of Romanian origin, native speakers of Romanian as an ethnic/heritage language, who have completed their entire pre-university school system in another country and in a language other than Romania/Romanian, and whom we meet as students enrolled in the specialization "Romanian language and literature" at universities abroad, therefore, by default, as a foreign language. Their profile is quite heterogeneous, even within the group, which makes it extremely interesting and challenging for who teaches. The process of creating a schematic, typical portrait of such a learner/speaker requires a necessarily interdisciplinary approach (linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics), and its completion in terms of teaching strategies and methodology is still an open chapter, still being drafted and constantly updated. I should mention that all the data and information on which our analysis will be based are drawn from the experience of teaching Romanian abroad, within the Romanian language lectureship at the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, and from our own research on this subject carried out in recent years. Portretul vorbitorului de RL2 ca tânăr român (în străinătate). Studiul de față reprezintă o încercare de creionare a portretului unui vorbitor de limbă română în varianta ei de limbă străină – un vorbitor, însă, deloc obișnuit, care nu intră în categoriile deja atestate în literatura de specialitate și care conține, în sine, un paradox lingvistic: este vorba despre o categorie de studenți mai puțin obișnuită, dar tot mai numeroasă, de tineri emigrați, de origine română, vorbitori nativi de limba română ca limbă etnică/moștenită, care au parcurs întregul sistem școlar pre-universitar într-o altă țară și într-o altă limbă decât România/limba română și pe care îi întâlnim ca studenți înscriși la specializarea „limba și literatura română” la universități din străinătate, deci, implicit, ca limbă străină. Profilul lor este un profil aparte, destul de eterogen chiar și în cadrul grupului, de aceea extrem de interesant și de provocator pentru cel de la catedră. Procesul de creionare a unui portret schematic, tip, al unui astfel de student/vorbitor presupune o abordare obligatoriu interdisciplinară (lingvistică, sociolingvistică, psiholingvistică), iar completarea lui, din punctul de vedere al strategiilor și al metodologiei didactice rămâne, încă, un capitol deschis, în curs de redactare și de actualizare continuă. Menționez că toate datele și informațiile pe care se va baza analiza noastră sunt extrase din experiența personală de predare a limbii române în străinătate, în cadrul lectoratului de limba română de la Universitatea Sapienza din Roma, Italia și din cercetările proprii pe acest subiect întreprinse în ultimii ani. Cuvinte-cheie: limbă maternă, heritage language, migrație, achiziție, învățare, limbă străină, predare Article history: Received 23 January 2025; Revised 18 March 2025; Accepted 7 April 2025; Available online 10 June 2025; Available print 30 June 2025.
Plurilingualism and Assessment. Romanian as a Foreign and Heritage Language. The study presents the revision process of two rating grids for the examinations provided through Babeș-Bolyai University – Romanian Cultural … Plurilingualism and Assessment. Romanian as a Foreign and Heritage Language. The study presents the revision process of two rating grids for the examinations provided through Babeș-Bolyai University – Romanian Cultural Institute Consortium for Testing Romanian as a Foreign Language. It focuses on how plurilingual competence was addressed as part of the revision. The first case presents revisions to the grid for written production, level A1. The revision process was corpus-based and started from the analysis of 352 texts produced in live exams. Reordering the grid criteria prioritised the criterion of efficacy (task fulfilment). In this study we focus on the criterion of accuracy, which operationalised the use of foreign (i.e., from an additional language) words by plurilingual test takers in their written production. This led to the addition of a new descriptor to the assessment instrument. The second case presents the revision process of the rating grid for spoken production, level B1, with a focus on the criterion of accuracy. The grid descriptor operationalising phonological control changed in order to reflect the influence of other languages on pronunciation, rhythm, accent, stress, and intonation. Intelligibility replaced the idealised native speaker as a reference point, in accordance with the new perspective reflected in the phonological control grid of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. Companion Volume (CEFR CV). The study presents how the adaptation of this grid was influenced by the significant number of test takers with Romanian as heritage language. These processes of rating-grid revision are considered a first step into what needs to be a robust effort to adapt language assessment to the plurilingual reality of speakers. REZUMAT. Plurilingvism și evaluare. Româna ca limbă străină și ca limbă moștenită. Studiul prezintă procesul de revizuire a două grile de evaluare pentru examenele organizate de către Consorțiul Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai – Institutul Cultural Român pentru Testarea Românei ca Limbă Străină și se axează asupra modului în care competența plurilingvă a fost inclusă în procesul de revizuire. Primul caz prezintă revizuirea grilei pentru producții scrise, nivelul A1. Procesul de revizuire s-a bazat pe analiza unui corpus de 352 de texte produse ca parte a unor sesiuni de examinare. Una dintre consecințe a fost reordonarea criteriilor incluse în grilă, cu prioritizarea criteriului eficienței (îndeplinirea sarcinii). În acest studiu ne concentrăm asupra criteriului acurateței. Acesta include, în forma sa actuală, un nou descriptor care operaționalizează utilizarea de cuvinte din alte limbi în producțiile scrise ale candidaților. Al doilea caz prezintă procesul de revizuire a grilei de evaluare pentru producțiile orale, nivelul B1, cu accent asupra criteriului acurateței. Descriptorul care operaționalizează controlul fonologic în cadrul grilei a fost schimbat pentru a reflecta influența altor limbi asupra producției candidatului în ceea ce privește pronunția, ritmul, accentul și intonația. Inteligibilitatea a înlocuit modelul unui vorbitor nativ idealizat ca punct de referință, în acord cu noua perspectivă reflectată în grila pentru controlul fonologic din Cadrul European Comun de Referință pentru Limbi: Învățare, Predare, Evaluare. Volumul Companion. Studiul prezintă modul în care adaptarea acestei grile a fost influențată de numărul semnificativ de candidați care au româna ca limbă moștenită. Aceste procese de revizuire a grilelor de evaluare sunt considerate un prim pas pentru ceea ce ar trebui să fie un efort amplu de abordare a realității plurilingve a vorbitorilor în procesul de evaluare lingvistică. Cuvinte-cheie: plurilingvism, competență plurilingvă, limbă moștenită, evaluare, grilă de evaluare Article history: Received 13 February 2025; Revised 20 April 2025; Accepted 12 May 2025; Available online 10 June 2025; Available print 30 June 2025.
The rapid development of information technology (IT) has led to the emergence of a vast array of slang terms, many of which originate from English and spread globally through professional, … The rapid development of information technology (IT) has led to the emergence of a vast array of slang terms, many of which originate from English and spread globally through professional, academic, and digital communication. These slang expressions—such as bug, crash, lag, hack, and code—often fill lexical gaps quickly and flexibly, reflecting the dynamic and innovative nature of the IT field. However, the widespread and unregulated use of IT slang poses challenges for linguistic clarity, educational consistency, and terminological standardization, especially in multilingual contexts such as Kazakhstan, where Kazakh, Russian, and English coexist. The purpose of this article is to analyze the emergence and use of slang terms in the field of IT, explore their linguistic and sociocultural impact, and propose approaches for their effective standardization. The practical significance of this article lies in its contribution to the development of effective strategies for managing and standardizing rapidly evolving IT slang. This paper examines the origin, usage, and dissemination of IT-related slang terms, with a focus on how they are adopted, localized, and sometimes hybridized in non-English languages. It also explores the sociolinguistic implications of IT slang use among professionals and youth, including code-switching, language borrowing, and the blending of formal and informal registers. A key focus is the need for systematic standardization of IT terminology to ensure clear communication, promote the development of native-language equivalents, and preserve linguistic integrity. The study reviews current approaches to slang standardization, highlights efforts by linguistic institutions and technical committees, and proposes practical strategies for integrating standardized terms into education, media, and professional discourse.
The relationship between linguistic characteristics and brand identification in the Vietnamese consumer market is investigated in this study. We conducted a survey of 89 Vietnamese consumers (M_age = 34.7, SD … The relationship between linguistic characteristics and brand identification in the Vietnamese consumer market is investigated in this study. We conducted a survey of 89 Vietnamese consumers (M_age = 34.7, SD = 12.3) and examined 255 brand names (160 domestic, 95 international) using a mixed-methods approach. Four major language elements that impact brand identity were found through factor analysis: sound symbolism (21.4%), semantic/cultural meaning (18.3%), uniqueness (15.6%), and brevity and pronunciation ease (27.8% variation). The results indicated that two to three syllable names (74.1% of the sample) were more memorable (M = 4.12, SD = 0.78) than longer names (M = 3.45, SD = 0.92, p < 0.01). Names of Vietnamese origin generated more trust (M = 4.47, SD = 0.75) than foreign names (M = 3.58, SD = 1.12, p < 0.001). Semantic/cultural factors were found to have the most influence on purchase intent in the multiple regression analysis (β = 0.52, p < 0.001, R² = 0.64). The best cultural fit (M = 4.32, SD = 0.82) and purchase intent (M = 4.25, SD = 0.84) were demonstrated by hybrid tactics for multinational companies that included Vietnamese characteristics with original names. Our research identifies the effects of interaction between linguistic and cultural components in brand identity and applies the notion of sound symbolism to tonal isolating languages. In addition to offering particular guidelines for successful brand name formation in line with Vietnamese language and cultural traits, this study gives an empirical framework for optimizing brand naming strategies in multilingual markets.