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Language, Linguistics, Cultural Analysis

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This cluster of papers explores the subgrouping and linguistic diversity of Semitic languages, focusing on topics such as verb morphology, Neo-Aramaic dialects, language contact, diglossia, and language teaching. It delves into the ethnolinguistic landscape and cognitive grammar of Middle Eastern languages.

Keywords

Semitic Languages; Linguistic Diversity; Language Contact; Verb Morphology; Neo-Aramaic Dialects; Diglossia; Language Teaching; Ethnolinguistics; Middle Eastern Languages; Cognitive Grammar

A Grammar of Kayardild

1995-12-31

Nicholas Evans

Esquisse d ' une théorie de la pratique.(précédé de) trois études d ' éthnologie kabyle

2000-01-01

Pierre Bourdieu

Formal Problems in Semitic Phonology and Morphology

2018-10-03

John J. McCarthy

First published in 1985. Two basic issues figure in this study. The first concerns the representation of syllabic and accentual structure, and the effects of those structures on the formulation … First published in 1985. Two basic issues figure in this study. The first concerns the representation of syllabic and accentual structure, and the effects of those structures on the formulation of phonological rules. In the second section of this title, a solution to the traditional problem of the root and pattern morphological system of Semitic is proposed and illustrated by an extensive treatment of Classical Arabic. This title will be of particular interest to students of linguistics.

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Chomsky's universal grammar : an introduction

2007-01-01

Vivian J. Cook , Mark Newson

Preface to the Third Edition. 1. The Nature of Universal Grammar. 1.1. The Early Development of Universal Grammar Theory. 1.2. Relating 'Sounds' and 'Meanings'. 1.3. The Computational System. 1.4. Questions … Preface to the Third Edition. 1. The Nature of Universal Grammar. 1.1. The Early Development of Universal Grammar Theory. 1.2. Relating 'Sounds' and 'Meanings'. 1.3. The Computational System. 1.4. Questions for Linguistics. 1.5. General Ideas of Language. 1.6. Linguistic Universals. 1.7. The Evidence for Universal Grammar Theory. 1.8. Conclusion. 2. Principles, Parameters and Language Acquisition. 2.1. Principles and Parameters. 2.2. Language Acquisition. 3. Structure in the Government/Binding model. 3.1. The Heart of the Government/Binding Model. 3.2. Modules, Principles and Parameters. 3.3. X-bar Theory in Government and Binding. 3.4. Theta Theory. 3.5. Control Theory and Null Subjects. 3.6. Further Developments in X-bar Theory. 3.7. Summary. 4. Movement in Government/Binding Theory. 4.1. An Overview of Movement. 4.2. Further Developments to the Theory of Movement. 4.3. Bounding, Barriers and Relativized Minimality. 4.4. Case Theory. 4.5. Binding Theory. 4.6. Beyond S-structure and the Empty Category Principle. 5. Chomskyan Approaches to Language Acquisition. 5.1. The Physical Basis for Universal Grammar. 5.2. A Language Learning Model. 5.3. The Innateness Hypothesis. 5.4. The Role of Universal Grammar in Learning. 5.5. Complete from the Beginning or Developing with Time?. 5.6. Issues in Parameter Setting. 5.7. Markedness and Language Development. 6. Second Language Acquisition and Universal Grammar. 6.1. The Purity of the Monolingual Argument. 6.2. Universal Bilingualism. 6.3. The Multi-competence View. 6.4. The Poverty-of-the-stimulus Argument and Second Language Acquisition. 6.5. Models and Metaphors. 6.6. Hypotheses of the Initial Second Language State. 6.7. The Final State of Second Language Acquisition. 7. Structure in the Minimalist Program. 7.1. From Government/Binding to the Minimalist Program. 7.2. Basic Minimalist Concepts. 7.3. Phrase Structure in the Minimalist Program. 7.4. Thematic Roles and Structural Positions. 7.5. Adjunction. 7.6. Linear Order. 8. Movement in the Minimalist Program. 8.1. Functional Heads and Projections. 8.2. The Motivation for Movement. 8.3. The Nature of Movement. 8.4. Overt and Covert Movement. 8.5. Properties of Movement. 8.6. Phases. 8.7. Conclusion. References. Index

Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar

2004-01-01

Alan Prince , Paul Smolensky

This chapter contains sections titled: Optimality Optimality in Grammar: Core Syllabication in Imdlawn Tashlhiyt Berber The Construction of Grammar in Optimality Theory This chapter contains sections titled: Optimality Optimality in Grammar: Core Syllabication in Imdlawn Tashlhiyt Berber The Construction of Grammar in Optimality Theory

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Dying words: endangered languages and what they have to tell us

2010-04-01

Nicholas Evans

örneğin Pat Gabori örneğin Pat Gabori

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Désingularisation des variétés de Schubert généralisées

1974-01-01

Michel Demazure

Soient k un corps, G un groupe algébrique semi-simple déployé sur k, B un groupe de Borel de G, X l'adhérence d'une orbite de B dans G/B (« variété de … Soient k un corps, G un groupe algébrique semi-simple déployé sur k, B un groupe de Borel de G, X l'adhérence d'une orbite de B dans G/B (« variété de Schubert généralisée »).On construit ( 1 ) ci-dessous une variété lisse Z et un morphisme birationnel / : Z-^X; la variété Z est obtenue par des fibrations successives en droites projectives, et, dans le cas où X = G/B, est l'analogue direct de l'espace construit par Bott et Samelson dans [1], p. 970, dans le cas des groupes de Lie compacts; c'est pourquoi on appelle ici Z une « variété de Bott-Samelson ».Cette construction est donnée au paragraphe 3, après que le paragraphe 2 ait été consacré à l'étude détaillée des fibrations en droites projectives, notamment en ce qui concerne la cohomologie des fibres vectoriels.Au paragraphe 4, on montre comment cette construction permet de calculer très simplement l'anneau de Chow A (G/B), ainsi que différentes structures qui lui sont attachées; en particulier, nous donnons une démonstration de tous les résultats d'un célèbre manuscrit de C. Chevalley [5], resté impublié depuis 1958 ( 2 ).Au paragraphe 5, on démontre le théorème suivant (5.4,th. 1) :THÉORÈME.-Supposons k de caractéristique 0, et soit oêf un module inversible sur G/B tel que H° (G/B, Jêf) ^ 0. Alors W (X, J^f) = 0 pour q > 0 et rhomomorphisme canonique H° (G/B, ^) -> H° (X, J^f) est surjectif.On démontre aussi que /^ (0^) = 0^ et que R^/^ (^z) = 0 pour q > 0, de sorte que / : Z -> X est alors une désingularisation de X dans le sens le plus fort du terme et que X est de Cohen-Macaulay, et en particulier normale.On obtient enfin une « formule des caractères » pour la représentation naturelle de B dans H° (X, J^f).Tous ces résultats (à l'exception du fait que X est de Cohen-Macaulay) restent valables en caractéristique quelconque pourvu que l'on vérifie une conjecture d'énoncé fort simple sur les « réseaux admissibles » [n° 5.3, condition (8)].( 1 ) Ajouté sur épreuves.-

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The Hausa Language: An Encyclopedic Reference Grammar

2002-01-01

Alan S. Kaye , Paul Newman

This book is a comprehensive grammar of Hausa, one of the largest and most important languages of Africa. Hausa is spoken by some 35 million people as a first language … This book is a comprehensive grammar of Hausa, one of the largest and most important languages of Africa. Hausa is spoken by some 35 million people as a first language and approximately 15 million more as a second language. Paul Newman, a world authority on the Hausa language, draws on two centuries of Hausa linguistic scholarship to provide the most authoritative and detailed grammar of the language ever written. Unlike other grammars, this book is organised alphabetically. Readers will appreciate the ease with which they can find the specific individual topics that interest them. The grammar covers such expected topics as tonology, noun plurals, and verbal tense/aspect as well as often neglected topics, including verbal idioms, proper names, and language games. Newman also incorporates historical linguistic notes that explain and explicate current Hausa phenomena, especially puzzling anomalies, in terms of their Chadic and Afroasiatic origins.

A Relational Grammar of Kinyarwanda

1981-06-01

C. Rhett Jackson , Alexandre Kimenyi

The Interface between the Written and the Oral

1989-10-01

Harvey J. Graff , Jack Goody

List of figures and tables Preface Acknowledgements Part I. Writing and the Alphabet: 1. The historical development of writing Part II. The Influence of Early Forms of Writing: 2. Literacy … List of figures and tables Preface Acknowledgements Part I. Writing and the Alphabet: 1. The historical development of writing Part II. The Influence of Early Forms of Writing: 2. Literacy and achievement in the Ancient World 3. Africa, Greece and oral poetry 4. Oral composition and oral transmission: the case of the Vedas Part III. Written and Oral Cultures in West Africa: 5. The impact of Islamic writing on oral cultures 6. Literacy and the non-literate: the impact of European schooling 7. Alternative paths to knowledge in oral and literate cultures 8. Memory and learning in oral and literate cultures: the reproduction of the Bagre 9. Writing and formal operations: a case study among the Vai Part IV. Writing and its Impact on Individuals in Society: 10. The interface between the sociological and psychological analysis of literacy 11. Language and writing 12. Recapitulations Notes Bibliography Index.

On Arabic Transliteration

2007-09-30

Nizar Habash , Abdelhadi Soudi , Timothy Buckwalter

African Language Structures

1975-09-01

James E. Redden , William E. Welmers

Dynamics of a Creole System.

1976-03-01

Jane H. Hill , Derek Bickerton

Acknowledgements 1. Problems in the description of creole systems 2. The basilectal verb-phrase 3. From basilect to mesolect 4. From mesolect to acrolect 5. Implications for linguistic theory Appendices 1-3 … Acknowledgements 1. Problems in the description of creole systems 2. The basilectal verb-phrase 3. From basilect to mesolect 4. From mesolect to acrolect 5. Implications for linguistic theory Appendices 1-3 Bibliography Index.

Modern Arabic: Structures, Functions and Varieties

1997-03-01

Alan S. Kaye , Clive Holes

Introduction: where is Arabic spoken? varieties of Arabic aims of this book. Part 1 A brief history of Arabic: Arabic as a Semitic language Arabic at the dawn of Islam … Introduction: where is Arabic spoken? varieties of Arabic aims of this book. Part 1 A brief history of Arabic: Arabic as a Semitic language Arabic at the dawn of Islam the spread of Arabic middle Arabic, the modern dialects and the evolution of modern standard Arabic the contemporary linguistic situation. Part 2 Phonology: the phonology of MSA the phonology of the dialects phonological variation in the dialects phonology and script. Part 3 Verb morphology: general principles root and morphosemantic patterns - MSA morphosyntactic patterns of these finite verb - MSA verbal affixes morphophonological adjustments dialectal verb morphology. Part 4 Noun morphology: the verbal noun participles other categories of the singular noun number case and definiteness gender. Part 5 Beyond root and pattern - pronouns and deictics: personal pronouns demonstratives interrogatives. Part 6 Syntax (I) - phrase structure: the noun phrase the verb phrase negation. Part 7 Syntax (II) - sentence structure: word order clause order and type. Part 8 Lexical, semantic and stylistic developments: foreign borrowing into Arabic the language academies the language of the media repetition and parallelism. Part 9 Language level in Arabic: introducion language levels in Cairo level switching co-occurrence phenomena and level dialogue and dialect in literature and journalism.

A Grammar of the Arabic Language

1970-04-01

Sami A. Hanna , William Wright

Part I. Orthography and Orthoepy: Part II. Etymology or the Parts of Speech: 1. The verb A. General view B. The strong verb C. The weak verb 2. The noun … Part I. Orthography and Orthoepy: Part II. Etymology or the Parts of Speech: 1. The verb A. General view B. The strong verb C. The weak verb 2. The noun A. The nouns substantive and adjective B. The numerals C. The nomina demonstrativa and conjuctiva Part III. The Particles: A. The prepositions B. The adverbs C. The conjunctions D. The interjections.

Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics

2006-01-01

Kees Versteegh , M. Eid , Alaa Elgibali +2 more

This volume concludes the publication of the Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics in print. It represents a unique collaboration of over hundreds of scholars from around the world, covering … This volume concludes the publication of the Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics in print. It represents a unique collaboration of over hundreds of scholars from around the world, covering all relevant aspects of the study of Arabic and dealing with all levels of the language (pre-Classical Arabic, Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, Arabic vernaculars, mixed varieties of Arabic). No other reference work offers this scale of contributions or depth and breadth of coverage. The Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics is, therefore, a standard reference work for students and researchers in the field of linguistics, Islamic studies, Arabic literature and other related fields.

The past of a future syntaxis across the Zagros

1996-01-01

Christopher J. Talbot , Mehdi Alavi

Abstract Longitudinal components of the Zagros mountain chain change in character and width across N-S trending zones of strike-slip transfer faults lying between 51° and 54°E. To the northwest, a … Abstract Longitudinal components of the Zagros mountain chain change in character and width across N-S trending zones of strike-slip transfer faults lying between 51° and 54°E. To the northwest, a fold-thrust belt with consistent SW vergence has a width of c. 220 km in front of an imbricate belt c. 160 km wide. To the southeast, an imbricate zone c. 80 km wide is fronted by a gently tapering festoon of upright periclines that is c. 350 km wide and punctured by over a hundred emergent salt diapirs. Pre-Zagros stages of the transfer zones in the Zagros are preserved on the Arabian platform and the two most obvious bound what we call the incipient Qatar syntaxis. This is at an early stage of one of the many syntaxes that compartmentalize the Alpine-Himalayan mountain chain. We use structures in the Hormuz salt to map and gauge the tectonic pulse of basement blocks that jostled as ocean basins opened and closed diachronously like zip fasteners along the Tethyan margin of Gondwana. This incipient syntaxis was a lithospheric key that went up while others went down during the rifting and riffling, but not drifting, of the still-born Hormuz basin we call Proto-Tethys.

The Web of Kinship among the Tallensi

2018-08-16

Meyer Fortes

Current Approaches to African Linguistics, 3

1988-09-01

Ben G. Blount , Gerrit J. Dimmendaal

The World's Writing Systems

1997-06-01

Charles F. Hockett , Peter T. Daniels , William Bright

The World's Writing Systems

1997-01-01

Mark Hansell , Peter T. Daniels , William Bright

Tense in Texts

1983-12-31

Hans Kamp , Christian Röhrer

Ethnologue. Languages of the World

2014-08-08

Paul Lewis

Pidginization and Creolization of Languages.

1972-09-01

Robert B. Page , Dell Hymes

Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande

1976-01-01

Alison Redmayne , E. E. Evans‐Pritchard

African languages: an introduction

2001-04-01

Understanding Written Language

2006-07-13

The Social Cost of Cheap Pseudonyms

2001-06-01

Eric J. Friedman , Paul Resnick

We consider the problems of societal norms for cooperation and reputation when it is possible to obtain cheap pseudonyms, something that is becoming quite common in a wide variety of … We consider the problems of societal norms for cooperation and reputation when it is possible to obtain cheap pseudonyms, something that is becoming quite common in a wide variety of interactions on the Internet.This introduces opportunities to misbehave without paying reputational consequences.A large degree of cooperation can still emerge, through a convention in which newcomers "pay their dues" by accepting poor treatment from players who have established positive reputations.One might hope for an open society where newcomers are treated well, but there is an inherent social cost in making the spread of reputations optional.We prove that no equilibrium can sustain significantly more cooperation than the dues-paying equilibrium in a repeated random matching game with a large number of players in which players have finite lives and the ability to change their identities, and there is a small but nonvanishing probability of mistakes.Although one could remove the inefficiency of mistreating newcomers by disallowing anonymity, this is not practical or desirable in a wide variety of transactions.We discuss the use of entry fees, which permits newcomers to be trusted but excludes some players with low payoffs, thus introducing a different inefficiency.We also discuss the use of free but unreplaceable pseudonyms, and describe a mechanism that implements them using standard encryption techniques, which could be practically implemented in electronic transactions.

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The World's Major Languages

1988-05-01

H. Craig Melchert , Bernard Comrie

Learning to Say What You Mean in a Second Language: A Study of the Speech Act Performance of Learners of Hebrew as a Second Language

1982-03-01

Shoshana Blum‐Kulka

Issues in the Structure of Arabic Clauses and Words

1993-01-01

Abdelkader Fassi Fehri

Ethnologue. Languages of the World

2014-08-08

Creolization of Language and Culture

2002-11-01

Robert Chaudenson

A Functional Grammar of Gooniyandi

1990-01-01

William B. McGregor

This volume sets out to provide a comprehensive description of the grammar of Gooniyandi, a non-Pama-Nyungan language of the southern-central Kimberley region of Western Australia. It covers phonetics and phonology, … This volume sets out to provide a comprehensive description of the grammar of Gooniyandi, a non-Pama-Nyungan language of the southern-central Kimberley region of Western Australia. It covers phonetics and phonology, word phrase and clause structure, and the semantics of closed-class grammatical items. The major focus is, however, on meaning: how do Gooniyandi speakers mean with and in their language. To this end, the theoretical framework of systemic functional grammar, particularly as elaborated in Halliday's recent work, is adopted. Certain refinements to the theory are proposed in order to better account for the Gooniyandi evidence. Of obvious importance to those studying Australian aboriginal languages, this work has an importance to a wider audience for its effective presentation of theory justification.

African Languages: An Introduction

2001-01-01

John P. Hutchison , Bernd Heine , Derek Nurse

List of maps Notes on contributors 1. Introduction Bernd Heine and Derek Nurse 2. Niger-Congo Kay Williamson and Roger Blench 3. Nilo-Saharan Lionel M. Bender 4. Afroasiatic Richard J. Hayward … List of maps Notes on contributors 1. Introduction Bernd Heine and Derek Nurse 2. Niger-Congo Kay Williamson and Roger Blench 3. Nilo-Saharan Lionel M. Bender 4. Afroasiatic Richard J. Hayward 5. Khoisan Tom Guldemann and Rainer Vossen 6. Phonology G. N. Clements 7. Morphology Gerrit J. Dimmendaal 8. Syntax John R. Watters 9. Typology Denis Creissels 10. Comparative linguistics Paul Newman 11. Language and history Christopher Ehret 12. Language and society H. Ekkehard Wolff References Index of authors Index of languages Index of subjects.

Anneaux locaux henséliens

1970-01-01

Michel Raynaud

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Ten Risks of Pki

2004-05-11

Bruce Schneier , Carl Ellison

The Macro-Sudan belt: towards identifying a linguistic area in northern sub-Saharan Africa

2007-12-13

Tom Güldemann

It has been recognized for a long time that languages across a broad sub-Saharan belt from the western end of the continent to the escarpment of the Ethiopian Plateau in … It has been recognized for a long time that languages across a broad sub-Saharan belt from the western end of the continent to the escarpment of the Ethiopian Plateau in the east display certain linguistic affinities. At the same time, it has been difficult to identify precisely the nature and range of these affinities and to provide a plausible explanation for them.

Las wallqas como intercambios múltiples en los Andes

2025-06-25

Gonzalo Pimentel-Guzmán | Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino

Las cuentas, o wallqas en quechua, aymara y kunza, son los adornos corporales humanos totalmente manufacturados más antiguos, universales y persistentes. Aparecen tempranamente en todos los continentes. En los Andes … Las cuentas, o wallqas en quechua, aymara y kunza, son los adornos corporales humanos totalmente manufacturados más antiguos, universales y persistentes. Aparecen tempranamente en todos los continentes. En los Andes del Sur, específicamente en el área del Noroeste Argentino y en San Pedro de Atacama, se encuentran desde el período Arcaico hasta tiempos alfareros, e incluso hay referencias etnográficas de su uso ceremonial hacia fines del siglo XX. En el presente trabajo se sistematizan y discuten, desde una perspectiva diacrónica, los distintos contextos e interpretaciones arqueológicas de las cuentas en el área surandina. Se estudia su rol como bienes de intercambios múltiples en los Andes, ya que coparticipan tanto en el intercambio entre humanos, así como en las ofrendas destinadas a las deidades andinas. Desde un análisis semántico del quechua, podemos reconocer que hay un sustrato ontológico aún más profundo respecto de sus colores, texturas o formas, ya que wallqa se convierte en la raíz de la palabra escudo, denotando que es parte de los sistemas de protección.

Naki Isanbet as a linguist

2025-06-24

F. A. Ganiev | Tatarica

The article by Fuat Ashrafovich Ganiev (1930-2016) systematizes information about Naki Isanbet’s multifaceted work (1899-1992) in the field of Tatar philology. Special attention is paid to the analysis of Naki … The article by Fuat Ashrafovich Ganiev (1930-2016) systematizes information about Naki Isanbet’s multifaceted work (1899-1992) in the field of Tatar philology. Special attention is paid to the analysis of Naki Isanbet’s contribution to Tatar linguistics and Turkology. So, N. Isanbet proved himself as a talented scientist-philologist. F. Ganiev was a linguist who “left a deep mark in the history of Tatar grammar, lexicology and lexicography, who devoted his life to the study of the problems of the Turkic and Tatar linguistics and gained recognition not only in Tatarstan, but also abroad, who created his scientific school, which made a lot of efforts to train highly qualified specialists and organize scientific activities”. The author of the article was bom on August 1, 1930 in the village ofNasibash of the Salavat District in Bashkortostan. His grandfather Shayakhmet was Taiba abistai’s brother, the mother of the famous writer and scientist Naki Isanbet.

Literacy and the development of writing in the Western Mediterranean

2025-06-20

Stefania De Vido | Routledge eBooks

Alfabeto Arabo-Latino

2025-06-19

| Archaeopress Publishing Ltd eBooks

Permutation in the Ancient World

2025-06-17

Jixiang Peng , Fengrong Zhang | Routledge eBooks

A Translation of the Bible into Maghrebian Judeo-Arabic, by Bar-Asher, Moshe

2025-06-16

Aharon Maman | Journal of Jewish Languages

Notre judéo-arabe. Les dialectes judéo-arabes du Maroc: structures, usages et diversité, by Chetrit, Joseph

2025-06-16

Meir M. Bar-Asher | Journal of Jewish Languages

Chansons du Borno collectées et expliquées par al-Hajj Musa et Rudolf Prietze

2025-06-16

| BRILL eBooks

Textes du Borno collectés et expliqués par al-Hajj Musa et Rudolf Prietze

2025-06-16

| BRILL eBooks

Analytic causative construction of Massenrempulu language in Duri dialect: A lexical functional grammar approach

2025-06-16

Rita Kumalasari , Siiti Fathonah , Achmad Dicky Romadhan | Celtic A Journal of Culture English Language Teaching Literature and Linguistics

This study employs the Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) approach to analyze the analytic causative constructions in the Massenrempulu language, with a particular focus on the Duri dialect. The study employs a … This study employs the Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) approach to analyze the analytic causative constructions in the Massenrempulu language, with a particular focus on the Duri dialect. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze unstructured interviews and observationally collected natural speech data from native speakers. The results indicate that kuanni (“command") and the verb mangkabua (“make") typically constitute analytic causatives in the Duri dialect. The event in question is denoted by PRED2, which may function as either transitive or intransitive, while the causative verbs serve as PRED1. These constructions exhibit a biclausal structure in which the embedded clause (X-COMP) extends from the object of the causative verb (kuanni or mangkabua). The typical word order observed is SVOV. This arrangement illustrates the manner in which arguments are distributed across predication structures in f-structure and c-structure, thereby facilitating complex predication. The findings, particularly concerning bilingual education and the reinforcement of cultural identity, align with typological and syntactic analyses of Austronesian languages. They also offer crucial documentation for the preservation and advancement of regional languages.

Tēmōnit: The Jewish Varieties of Yemeni Arabic, by Shachmon, Ori

2025-06-16

Stephan Procházka | Journal of Jewish Languages

The Character of Faiba in Seven Steps in the Sky: The Extremity of Dominance

2025-06-15

S. P. Chauhan , A.S. Pandya | International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology

Abstract: Kundanika Kapadiya isarenownedGujaratifemalewriter. ThenovelSevenStepsintheSkygot the prestigious Gyanpith Award. Kundanika Kapadiya when published this novel, she was threatened by some people. Who were strongly believed that Kapadiya is breaking the … Abstract: Kundanika Kapadiya isarenownedGujaratifemalewriter. ThenovelSevenStepsintheSkygot the prestigious Gyanpith Award. Kundanika Kapadiya when published this novel, she was threatened by some people. Who were strongly believed that Kapadiya is breaking the rules set bythe society from millions of years. But onthe other hand, she revealed that one ladywrote a letterto her bysaying that when I read this novel, I thought I have met somewhere the lady like Vasudha. But after a deep thinking I became sure that I amthat character. This was the huge impact ofthis novel. Here, the character ofFaiba herself prove that WOMAN IS THE ENEMY WOMAN. Faiba portraythe major role in the life ofVasudha. Faiba is that character who has sacrificed her whole life after Vyomesh, her nephew. She was a widow. Throughthis article we can find that one should have some limitation oftorturing others.You can’t mould anyone’s life according to your thoughts convience.

A Fair that Breathes Life into the Arabic Language: Mirbed

2025-06-15

İzzettin Bilgehan | cumhuriyet ilahiyat dergisi

This study examines the profound role and impact of the al-Mirbad Fair on Arab culture and literature. The introduction summarizes the factors that led to the emergence of al-Mirbad and … This study examines the profound role and impact of the al-Mirbad Fair on Arab culture and literature. The introduction summarizes the factors that led to the emergence of al-Mirbad and its developmental journey. The similarities and differences between al-Mirbad and the ʿUkāz Fair, which was prominent during the Jahiliyyah period, are briefly discussed, highlighting the historical and cultural connection between the two. Following this, the significance of al-Mirbad for Arabic language and literature, its role in the development of Nakāʾid poetry and its influence on the establishment and growth of the Basra linguistic school are addressed under separate headings. Most of the study is dedicated to analysing the poems recited at al-Mirbad, organized thematically. Al-Mirbad Fair served not only as an economic hub in the Arab world but also as a multifaceted focal point influencing social, cultural, and political life. With the expansion of the Islamic State and the shift in trade routes and cultural centers, al-Mirbad replaced ʿUkāz, a key hub during the Jahiliyyah era, assuming a more strategic role throughout Islamic history. As a trade center, al-Mirbad also became renowned as an arena where poets gathered for literary debates. Particularly during the Umayyad era, the resurgence of tribal partisanship saw al-Mirbad become a battleground for tribal honour and power struggles, significantly contributing to the rise and development of Nakāʾid poetry. Poets composed reciprocal satires, boasting verses, and heroic poetry to defend their tribes' honour, resulting in some of the finest examples of Nakāʾid poetry in Arabic literature. These poetic rivalries turned poets into spokespeople for their tribes, and their verses became symbols of social status and power. At the same time, these contests provided entertainment for the public. By the Abbasid period, however, changes in the political landscape and cultural priorities led to a shift from literary competition to a focus on establishing the rules of Arabic grammar and language. Al-Mirbad transitioned into a key center for linguistic development and the systematization of Arabic’s structural rules. It played a significant role in the emergence and growth of linguistic schools like Basra and Kufa. Linguists from Basra utilized information gathered from Bedouin Arabs visiting al-Mirbad and through field research in Bedouin regions to define the most accurate and eloquent usage of Arabic. These meticulous efforts allowed the Basra school to establish general rules for the Arabic language, laying the groundwork for the Kufa school, which began developing about a century later. Thus, al-Mirbad became an indirect yet critical resource for both linguistic schools. In conclusion, the al-Mirbad Fair left a lasting impact on Arab culture, literature, and linguistics, playing a decisive role in the literary and linguistic evolution of Arab society. Its legacy endures through its substantial and enduring contributions to Arabic literature and the Arabic language.

Developing Effective Bemba-English Translation Tools: Challenges and Opportunities

2025-06-15

A R Chayapathi | INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

Abstract - Translation between Bemba, a major Bantu language, and English presents unique linguistic, cultural, and technological challenges. This research explores the structural differences between Bemba and English, identifies common … Abstract - Translation between Bemba, a major Bantu language, and English presents unique linguistic, cultural, and technological challenges. This research explores the structural differences between Bemba and English, identifies common translation issues, and examines strategies to improve translation quality. The study draws on linguistic analysis, case studies, and evaluation of existing translation tools. Findings highlight the importance of understanding cultural context, grammatical structures, and lexical gaps. Furthermore, the research suggests methods for enhancing machine translation performance for Bemba, contributing towards the development of more inclusive language technologies. Key words : Bemba, Bantu, linguistic analysis, grammatical structures, and lexical gaps

Les Dynamiques de l'Anthroponymie : Héritages et Identités au Maghreb et en Afrique Subsaharienne

2025-06-13

Nadjia Nehari-Roubaï , Warayanssa Mawoune , Yamina Taibi-Maghraoui | Onomástica desde América Latina

Ce dossier thématique interroge les dynamiques contemporaines de l’anthroponymie au Maghreb et en Afrique subsaharienne à travers six contributions ancrées dans des contextes sociaux, littéraires et numériques. Loin de se … Ce dossier thématique interroge les dynamiques contemporaines de l’anthroponymie au Maghreb et en Afrique subsaharienne à travers six contributions ancrées dans des contextes sociaux, littéraires et numériques. Loin de se limiter à une analyse linguistique des noms propres, ces travaux les envisagent comme des faits sociaux, des pratiques discursives et des marqueurs identitaires traversés par l’histoire, les rapports de pouvoir, les mutations culturelles et les tensions intergénérationnelles. Deux axes structurent cette synthèse : le premier s’intéresse à la transmission onomastique et à ses recompositions dans des contextes familiaux, migratoires ou communautaires ; le second explore la nomination comme acte discursif dans les espaces fictionnels et numériques. En confrontant des approches empiriques, littéraires et sociolinguistiques, cet article souligne la vitalité d’une onomastique critique et située, attentive aux voix africaines et à leurs modes d’énonciation identitaire.

Le jeune algérien et son prénom : attachement affectif ou héritage imposé ?

2025-06-13

Soufiane Bengoua | Onomástica desde América Latina

Bien que de nombreuses recherches aient été menées sur la prénomination, Coulmont (2011), Varro ( 1994) et autres spécialistes qui ont inspiré ce travail, nous nous attacherons dans cette contribution … Bien que de nombreuses recherches aient été menées sur la prénomination, Coulmont (2011), Varro ( 1994) et autres spécialistes qui ont inspiré ce travail, nous nous attacherons dans cette contribution à mettre en évidence le lien affectif unissant le jeune algérien à son prénom. L’analyse de ce lien offre un éclairage approfondi sur sa dimension psychosociale et identitaire. Elle met en exergue son influence sur la construction de l’identité, la compréhension des charges émotionnelles et symboliques qui lui sont associées, ainsi que sur la perception sociale qu’il peut susciter. C’est précisément cette pluridimensionnalité du sujet qui a motivé notre choix et confère à cette contribution sa valeur et son originalité. La dimension empirique de cette recherche repose sur l’analyse des réponses à un questionnaire soumis à un échantillon de 316 jeunes âgés de 16 à 21 ans. Les données recueillies ont été examinées selon une approche psychosociologique, afin d’évaluer la manière dont ces jeunes perçoivent leur prénom ainsi que les motivations sous-jacentes à leur attachement ou, au contraire, à leur rejet de celui-ci. Les résultats révèlent qu’une majorité de jeunes Algériens entretiennent une relation affective positive avec leur prénom, un attachement nourri principalement par le lien familial, la modernité du prénom, sa signification ou encore sa portée religieuse. Bien que divers facteurs puissent influer sur ce rapport identitaire, il apparaît que la famille joue un rôle prépondérant, tant dans l’attribution du prénom, que dans le développement du sentiment d’attachement qui en découle.

From Club to Symbols: An Ethnographic Method for Developing a Notation System for Arnis

2025-06-12

Joan Grace E. Pacres | Martial Arts Studies

Physical education (PE) teachers who teach arnis often have to augment their live demonstrations with textual instructions and postural images that hardly capture the fullness of each strike or movement. … Physical education (PE) teachers who teach arnis often have to augment their live demonstrations with textual instructions and postural images that hardly capture the fullness of each strike or movement. To date, no widely accessible, easy-to-use, and intuitive instructional manual exists for teachers to use in arnis instruction. This deficiency can be remedied by a notation system that can concisely and intuitively describe each movement yet remains simple enough for PE students to understand. This paper outlines the methods and processes that culminated in a proposed, albeit preliminary and rudimentary, notation system for arnis. Data for the notation were collected through ethnographic methods, especially participant observation and immersion, in conjunction with personal interviews, video recording, photography, journaling, and note-taking. Four grandmasters of a well-respected arnis club provided the observational data converted into notation using the proposed symbol set. A total of seven grandmasters validated the final output.

Analysis of Language Structure in Nizar Qabbani's Poem 2000 Taht al-sifr/'2000 under Zero': Mukarovsky's Theoretical Perspective

2025-06-12

Ananda Atasya Toppo , Ilham Ramadhan | Eduvest - Journal Of Universal Studies

This study aims to analyze the poem 2000 Taht al-Sifr by Nizar Qabbani with a foregrounding theory approach developed by Jan Mukařovský. The main focus of this research is to … This study aims to analyze the poem 2000 Taht al-Sifr by Nizar Qabbani with a foregrounding theory approach developed by Jan Mukařovský. The main focus of this research is to understand how the foregrounding technique, through aberrations in language structure, repetition, and the use of metaphors and imagery, is able to create a deep meaning and reflect the socio-political situation of the time. In this poem, Qabbani not only describes the destruction of personal relationships, but also refers to the wider destruction in a society that is being hit by socio-political tensions. The study highlights how the repetition of phrases such as ( ما عاد ( no more and ( تعبتُ ( tired, as well as the metaphor of "cold", conveys a sense of emptiness and alienation that symbolizes the ongoing socio-political crisis. Through these linguistic techniques, Qabbani enriches the meaning of the poem, making it more than just a story about the loss of love—it also speaks to the social and political instability that permeates personal and societal life. This research provides new insights in understanding the relationship between language, literary techniques, and socio-political context in Nizar Qabbani's poetry.

On low topics in Najdi Arabic: a rejoinder to Alshamari and Jarrah (2022)

2025-06-12

Ali Alzayid | Linguistics

Abstract In this article empirical evidence is presented against the existence of a discourse-laden low IP in Najdi Arabic as proposed by Alshamari, Murdhy & Marwan Jarrah. (2022. The fine … Abstract In this article empirical evidence is presented against the existence of a discourse-laden low IP in Najdi Arabic as proposed by Alshamari, Murdhy & Marwan Jarrah. (2022. The fine structure of low topics in Najdi Arabic. Linguistics 60(4). 1011–1038). In particular, we argue that right dislocation in Najdi Arabic, qua a discursive articulation rooted in topicality, is at odds with the claim that there is a low IP, proposing a clause-external analysis of low topics instead.

Thinking Through Voice with a Somali (Love Doctor) Poet

2025-06-12

Christina J. Woolner | Medicine Anthropology Theory

During research on love songs and political poetry in Somaliland, one of my closest interlocutors has been a poet named Weedhsame who describes his work as arising from a duty … During research on love songs and political poetry in Somaliland, one of my closest interlocutors has been a poet named Weedhsame who describes his work as arising from a duty to ‘give voice to the voiceless’. Collaborating with a musician and singer to ‘give voice’ to otherwise mute love-sufferers, Weedhsame is revered as a ‘love doctor’ whose words provide therapeutic relief to his ‘patients’. His political maanso poems also powerfully ‘give voice’—sonically and textually—to the otherwise inaudible concerns of marginalised communities. My conversations with Weedhsame have provided me with a compelling emic perspective on what it means to ‘give voice’ to others, and the intimately social work of vocal mediation. They have also challenged me to think about my own anthropological voicing practices. In this reflection, I use my conversations with Weedhsame to consider the politics and practices of ‘giving voice’ in Somaliland, in matters of love and politics, before turning these lessons back on my own practice. I focus especially on what these practices might mean for how anthropologists gather, assemble and sound the stories and ‘voices’ of others in our work.

Harshit Joshi

2025-06-11

Harshit Joshi | Authors group

The 53rd Summer Seminar in Beppu and Local Natural Fibers

2025-06-10

Seiji Ujiie | Sen i Gakkaishi

Negative particle in Bodo and Assamese language: A Comparative Study

2025-06-09

Kabita Ramchiary | International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

The Bodo and Assamese languages are not derived from a same language family. Both languages originated from different sources. The Bodo language is a language that originated from the Sino-Tibetan … The Bodo and Assamese languages are not derived from a same language family. Both languages originated from different sources. The Bodo language is a language that originated from the Sino-Tibetan language family. The Assamese language originated from the Indo-European language family. Although both languages are derived from different sources, there are some similarities and differences. In the same way, some similarities exist in the grammar of the Bodo and Assamese languages. Negative particle is also a small part of syntax. While these particles are found in both Bodo and Assamese languages, there are also similarities and differences. Negative particles can be represented in three main ways in the Bodo language. Similarly, in Assamese, negative particles can be represented in three ways. However, in both languages, the negative particle can be represented in three ways, but only in different ways.

Akhmim as a Source of Textiles

2025-06-09

Cäcilia Fluck | The American University in Cairo Press eBooks

Sociolinguistic Study of Arabic Language Use in the Markaz Arabiyah Islamic Boarding School Environment

2025-06-08

Nida Husna Fahimah Nida , Hanifah Nurfitri , Tatang | Assuthur Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab

This study aims to analyze the use of language in the Markaz Arabiyah Islamic boarding school, located in Pare, East Java. In this context, the phenomenon of the use of … This study aims to analyze the use of language in the Markaz Arabiyah Islamic boarding school, located in Pare, East Java. In this context, the phenomenon of the use of Arabic and Indonesian in the daily interactions of students is the main focus. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a case study in the Markaz Arabiyah Islamic boarding school, combining direct observation and surveys to obtain in-depth data on the use of Arabic and Indonesian in the daily interactions of students. The results of the study indicate that in the Markaz Arabiyah Islamic boarding school there is a pattern of bilingualism, where Arabic is used in formal contexts, while Indonesian dominates informal communication. This pattern supports Arabic language learning, strengthens religious values, and maintains the national identity and social ties of students. As many as 65% of students stated that they were interested in using Arabic in their daily lives. They believe that this language can deepen their understanding and increase their religiosity. The students believe that by interacting more often using Arabic, they can more easily absorb religious values and improve their spiritual quality. This study is expected to contribute to the understanding of language use in the context of religious education.

Sistema numeral quechua

2025-06-06

Fanny Longa Romero | Llalliq.

Todas las lenguas expresan el sistema numeral de los usuarios. La diferencia está en que hay sistemas más regulares que otros. Y la lengua quechua tiene el sistema numeral regular. Todas las lenguas expresan el sistema numeral de los usuarios. La diferencia está en que hay sistemas más regulares que otros. Y la lengua quechua tiene el sistema numeral regular.

Exploring the Acquisition of English Plural Formation and Compounding: Insights from L1 speakers of Libyan Arabic

2025-06-05

Hatem Essa | World Journal of English Language

One of the most widely studied morphological phenomena in psycholinguistics is the avoidance of regular but not irregular plurals in noun compounds (e.g., rats eater vs. mice eater). This study … One of the most widely studied morphological phenomena in psycholinguistics is the avoidance of regular but not irregular plurals in noun compounds (e.g., rats eater vs. mice eater). This study addresses this issue by examining the acquisition of English synthetic and root compounding by L1 speakers of Libyan Arabic, focusing on the role of L1 transfer and Universal Grammar (UG) in learning this presyntactic property. Specifically, it investigates whether morphological constraints on plural formation in noun compounds are universally available to second language learners or subject to L1 influence. Participants were selected at different phases of learning English in the classroom to offer an indication of possible developmental progress. A forced-choice gap-filling task was used to investigate how learners apply pluralization rules in English compounds. The results suggest some evidence of L1 influence, but no clear indication of UG influence. Moreover, little development change was observed across proficiency levels. These findings challenge the claims that morphological level-ordering is universally and innately accessible (e.g., Clahsen, 1991; Clahsen et al., 1992; Gordon, 1985). Overall, the results are consistent with an L1 transfer/access to UG view of the L2 acquisition of pre-syntactic properties, without providing strong support for this position.

Index of Languages

2025-06-05

| Cambridge University Press eBooks

The Arabic Substrate in Israeli Hebrew as Spoken by the First Generation of Migrants from Wad‑Souf (Algeria)

2025-06-05

Wiktor Gębski | BRILL eBooks

Reading fictional languages

2025-06-05

M. Victoria Costa | Acta Scientiarum Language and Culture

This book review analyses the edited volume Reading Fictional Languages, edited by Israel A. C. Noletto, Jessica Norledge, and Peter Stockwell, published by Edinburgh University Press (2023). Noletto, I. A. … This book review analyses the edited volume Reading Fictional Languages, edited by Israel A. C. Noletto, Jessica Norledge, and Peter Stockwell, published by Edinburgh University Press (2023). Noletto, I. A. C., Norledge, J., & Stockwell, P. (Eds.), (2023). Reading fictional languages. Edinburgh University Press.

Is there a link between Dhaoudi’s theory of cultural symbols and that of Michael Carrithers’ book? (Why humans have culture?)

2025-06-04

Hamied Al Hashimi | International Journal of Modern Anthropology

This article investigates the potential link between Tunisian sociologist Mahmoud Dhaouadi's1 theory of cultural/human symbols, as presented in his book Cultural Symbols, and the Human Long Lifespan: An Islamic Cultural … This article investigates the potential link between Tunisian sociologist Mahmoud Dhaouadi's1 theory of cultural/human symbols, as presented in his book Cultural Symbols, and the Human Long Lifespan: An Islamic Cultural Perspective, and Michael Carrithers's2 arguments in ‘Why Humans Have Culture?’. Through a close reading of both works, the article explores potential thematic similarities, particularly concerning the role of symbols and meaning making in human life. While acknowledging the apparent closeness in the book titles, the analysis delves into the distinct theoretical frameworks and focuses of each author. Ultimately, the article argues that despite some conceptual overlap regarding the importance of shared understanding, Dhaouadi's work, rooted in an Islamic cultural perspective and focusing on the impact of human symbols on the human lifespan, represents an original contribution to sociology and human sciences, distinct from Carrithers' anthropological inquiry into the foundations of cultural diversity. The possibility of plagiarism of the central idea is thus ruled out, highlighting Dhaouadi's unique theoretical endeavor.