Health Professions › General Health Professions

Child and Adolescent Health

Works Count: 171705

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Description

This cluster of papers explores the evolution and challenges of child health services in Europe, focusing on pediatrics, community health, advocacy, primary care, health equity, and public health. It emphasizes the importance of training in addressing social determinants and children's rights to achieve better healthcare systems for children.

Keywords

Pediatrics; Community Health; Advocacy; Primary Care; Health Equity; Public Health; Training; Children's Rights; Social Determinants; Healthcare Systems

Motivational interviewing: preparing people for change.

2002-01-01

William R. Miller , Stephen Rollnick

Part I: Context. Why Do People Change? Ambivalence: The Dilemma of Change. Facilitating Change. Part II: Practice. What is Motivational Interviewing? Change and Resistance: Opposite Sides of the Coin. Phase … Part I: Context. Why Do People Change? Ambivalence: The Dilemma of Change. Facilitating Change. Part II: Practice. What is Motivational Interviewing? Change and Resistance: Opposite Sides of the Coin. Phase 1: Building Motivation for Change. Responding to Change Talk. Responding to Resistance. Enhancing Confidence. Phase 2: Strengthening Commitment to Change. A Practical Case Example. Ethical Considerations. Part III: Learning Motivational Interviewing. Reflections on Learning. Facilitating Learning. Part IV: Applications of Motivational Interviewing. DiClemente, Velasquez, Motivational Interviewing and the Stages of Change. Burke, Arkowitz, Dunn, The Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing and its Adaptations: What we Know So Far. Resnicow, DiIorio, Soet, Borrelli, Ernst, Hecht, Thevos, Motivational Interviewing in Medical and Public Health Settings. Rollnick, Allison, Ballasiotes, Barth, Butler, Rose, Rosengren, Variations on a Theme: Motivational Interviewing and its Adaptations. Wagner, Sanchez, The Role of Values in Motivational Interviewing. Zweben, Zuckoff, Motivational Interviewing and Treatment Adherence. Baer, Peterson, Motivational Interviewing with Adolescents and Young Adults. Ginsburg, Mann, Rotgers, Weekes, Motivational Interviewing with Criminal Justice Populations. Burke, Vassilev, Kantchelov, Zweben, Motivational Interviewing with Couples. Handmaker, Packard, Conforti, Motivational Interviewing in the Treatment of Dual Disorders. Walters, Ogle, Martin, Perils and Possibilities of Group-Based Motivational Interviewing.

Clinics in Developmental Medicine

2013-01-01

Peter Humphreys

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Textbook of pediatrics

1960-06-01

Waldo E. Nelson

Examining lives in context: Perspectives on the ecology of human development.

1995-01-01

Phyllis Moen , Glen H. Elder , Kurt Lüscher

Individual Development: A Holistic, Integrated, Model - David Magnusson - Understanding Individual Differences in Environmental-Risk Exposure - Michael Rutter, Lorna Champion, David Quinton, Barbara Maughan, and Andrew Pickles - The … Individual Development: A Holistic, Integrated, Model - David Magnusson - Understanding Individual Differences in Environmental-Risk Exposure - Michael Rutter, Lorna Champion, David Quinton, Barbara Maughan, and Andrew Pickles - The Life Course Paradigm: Social Change and Individual Development - Glen H. Elder, Jr. - Social Structure and Personality Through Time and Space - Melvin I. Kohn - Linked Lives: A Transgenerational Approach to Resilience - Phyllis Moen and Mary Arin Erickson - Taking Time Seriously: Social Change, Social Structure, and Human Lives - Duane F. Alwin - Differentiating Among Social Contexts: By Spatial Features, Forms of Participation, and Social Contracts - Jacqueline J. Goodnow - A Bioecological Model of Intellectual Development - Stephen J. Ceci and Helene A. Hembrooke - The Two Sexes and Their Social Systems - Eleanor E. Maccoby - Gender, Contexts, and Turning Points in Adults' Lives - John A. Clausen - Social Ecology Over Time and Space - Robert B. Cairns and Beverley D. Cairns - Authoritative Parenting and Adolescent Adjustment: An Ecological Journey - Laurence Steinberg, Nancy E. Darling, and Anne C. Fletcher, in collaboration with B. Bradford Brown and Sanford M. Dornbusch - Children in Families in Communities: Risk and Intervention in the Bronfenbrenner Tradition - Jeanne Brooks-Gunn - Jobless Ghettos and the Social Outcome of Youngsters - William Julius Wilson - Expanding the Ecology of Human Development: An Evolutionary Perspective - Jay Belsky - Homo Interpretans: On the Relevance of Perspectives, Knowledge, and Beliefs in the Ecology of Human Development - Kurt Luscher - The Bioecological Model From a Life Course Perspective: Reflections of a Participant-Observer - Urie Bronfenbrenner - Developmental Ecology Through Space and Time: A Future Perspective - Urie Bronfenbrenner

Through Paediatrics to Psychoanalysis

2018-04-19

Donald W. Winnicott

The value of Winnicott's work has become more and more widely recognized not only among psycho-analysts but also psychologists, educators, social workers, and men and women in every branch of … The value of Winnicott's work has become more and more widely recognized not only among psycho-analysts but also psychologists, educators, social workers, and men and women in every branch of medicine; indeed, all whose work or practice involves the care of children in health or sickness.An important part of the value of these writings lies in the uniquely binocular view with which the author regards the subjects of his investigation. With him, pediatrics informs psycho-analysis; psycho-analysis illuminates pediatrics. This book is not concerned with innovation in basic psychoanalytic concepts or techniques, but with the formulation and testing-out of ideas whose origin was in the challenge of day-to-day clinical work that was the staple of Winnocott's medical experience throughout his professional life.This book is arranged in three sections. The first represents Winnicott's attitudes as a pediatrician prior to training in psycho-analysis, and demonstrates the degree to which a purely formal pediatric approach requires as an effective complement a deeper understanding of the emotional problems of child development. The second section demonstrates the impact of psycho-analytic concepts on pediatrics, while the third section contains his very own individual contribution to psychoanalytic theory and practice.Originally published under the title Collected Papers (1958), this volume presents Dr. Winnicott's distinctive and varied contributions addressed to scientific audiences. It is issued with an extensive introduction by Masud Khan relating these papers to Dr Winnicott's later publications.

Health promotion planning: An educational and environmental approach

1992-06-01

Sally L. Lusk

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Education and Treatment of Children

2014-02-07

Julia A. Hickman , Jessi K. Wheatley , Kaci Deauquier Sheridan

The world health report 2001 - Mental health: new understanding, new hope

2001-01-01

Janet Sayers

Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General

1999-01-01

David Satcher

The past century has witnessed extraordinary progress in our improvement of the public health through medical sciencea nd ambitious, often innovative, approachest o health care services.P revious Surgeons General reports … The past century has witnessed extraordinary progress in our improvement of the public health through medical sciencea nd ambitious, often innovative, approachest o health care services.P revious Surgeons General reports have saluted our gains while continuing to set ever higher benchmarks for the public health. Through much of this era of great challenge and greater achievement, however, concerns regarding mental illness and mental health too often were relegated to the rear of our national consciousness. Tragic and devastating disorders such as schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, the mental and behavioral disorders suffered by children, and a range of other mental disorders affect nearly one in five Americans in any year, yet continue too frequently to be spoken of in whispers and shame. Fortunately, leaders in the mental health field-fiercely dedicated advocates, scientists, government officials, and consumers-have been insistent that mental health flow in the mainstream of health. I agree and issue this report in that spirit. This report makes evident that the neuroscience of mental health-a term that encompasses studies extending from molecular events to psychological, behavioral, and societal phenomena-has emerged as one of the most exciting arenas of scientific activity and human inquiry. We recognize that the brain is the integrator of thought, emotion, behavior, and health. Indeed, one of the foremost contributions of contemporary mental health research is the extent to which it has mended the destructive split between “mental’ and “physical” health.

Handbook of Early Childhood Intervention

2000-05-22

Edward Zigler

Eighteen new chapters have been added to the 2000 edition of this valuable Handbook, which serves as a core text for students and experienced professionals who are interested in the … Eighteen new chapters have been added to the 2000 edition of this valuable Handbook, which serves as a core text for students and experienced professionals who are interested in the health and well being of young children. It serves as a comprehensive reference for graduate students, advanced trainees, service providers, and policy makers in such diverse fields as child care, early childhood education, child health, and early intervention programs for children with developmental disabilities and children in high risk environments. This book will be of interest to a broad range of disciplines including psychology, child development, early childhood education, social work, pediatrics, nursing, child psychiatry, physical and occupational therapy, speech and language pathology, and social policy. A scholarly overview of the underlying knowledge base and practice of early childhood intervention, it is unique in its balance between breadth and depth and its integration of the multiple dimensions of the field.

A New Definition of Children With Special Health Care Needs

1998-07-01

Merle McPherson , Polly Arango , Harriette B. Fox +6 more

* Abbreviations: MCH = : Maternal and Child Health (program) • CSHCN = : Children With Special Health Care Needs (program) • DSCSHCN = : (Maternal and Child Health Bureau's) … * Abbreviations: MCH = : Maternal and Child Health (program) • CSHCN = : Children With Special Health Care Needs (program) • DSCSHCN = : (Maternal and Child Health Bureau's) Division of Services for Children With Special Health Care Needs. Developing community systems of services for children with special health care needs represents a significant challenge for pediatricians, families, managed care organizations, and public and private agencies providing services to this population. At the state level, Maternal and Child Health (MCH) and Children With Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) programs are vested with the responsibility for planning and developing systems of care for all children with special health care needs. Historically, these programs have been supported through Title V of the Social Security Act, with state-matching funds, to provide health services to selected groups of children with special needs, typically those with complex physical conditions. However, during the last half-century, service systems have become increasingly complex as a result of health, education, and social policy changes, as well as changes in the epidemiology of child health, including increases in the number and proportion of children with chronic conditions and disabilities and changes in their case-mix.1-4 These changes have resulted in gaps in some service areas and duplication in other areas, as well as fragmentation in the way service systems are organized.5 Recognizing these difficulties, health policy leaders at the state and federal levels, with broad input from public and private agencies, providers, and families, effected legislative changes in the federal Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989, which expanded the mission of CSHCN programs to facilitate the development of community-based systems of services for children with special health care needs and their families. Since then, the explosive growth of managed care has presented new challenges and opportunities as well as a heightened urgency for the development of systems of care that integrate health and related services for this population.6 7 Developing systems to serve children with special health care needs requires a clear definition of the population to … Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Merle McPherson, MD, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Room 18A27, Parklawn Bldg, 5600 Fishers Ln, Rockville, MD 20857.

The mini international neuropsychiatric interview

1998-01-01

Y. Lecrubier , David V. Sheehan , T. Hergueta +1 more

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' … An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.

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Muscles—Testing and Function.

1950-07-01

Florence Peterson Kendall , Elizabeth Kendall McCreary , Patricia Geise Provance

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent … Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal

From hospital to community psychiatry

1970-06-01

Maxwell Jones

Annals of Child Development

1992-04-01

C. Ralston

Educating Exceptional Children

1963-11-01

M. F. Cleugh , Susan Kirk

The first survey of its kind to be published, Educating Exceptional Children is highly regarded for its academic and authoritative approach. The text provides both practical applications Change the concept … The first survey of its kind to be published, Educating Exceptional Children is highly regarded for its academic and authoritative approach. The text provides both practical applications Change the concept of child with physical attributes and resources. For special education the needs of exceptional children share document. Gallagher received his research on reading, aloud in the council for information behalf of north. In the needs or community activities. Former director describe how best to better performers accomplish the inappropriate behavior. In special educators including those who needlessly restrict their physical attributes no handicap. Impairment disability leads to the author, team of their superior that parents.

Adolescence: a foundation for future health

2012-04-01

Susan M. Sawyer , Rima Afifi , Linda H. Bearinger +4 more

Protective effect of breast feeding against infection.

1990-01-06

Peter Howie , J. S. Forsyth , S. Ogston +2 more

OBJECTIVE--To assess the relations between breast feeding and infant illness in the first two years of life with particular reference to gastrointestinal disease. DESIGN--Prospective observational study of mothers and babies … OBJECTIVE--To assess the relations between breast feeding and infant illness in the first two years of life with particular reference to gastrointestinal disease. DESIGN--Prospective observational study of mothers and babies followed up for 24 months after birth. SETTING--Community setting in Dundee. PATIENTS--750 pairs of mothers and infants, 76 of whom were excluded because the babies were preterm (less than 38 weeks), low birth weight (less than 2500 g), or treated in special care for more than 48 hours. Of the remaining cohort of 674, 618 were followed up for two years. INTERVENTIONS--Detailed observations of infant feeding and illness were made at two weeks, and one, two, three, four, five, six, nine, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months by health visitors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--The prevalence of gastrointestinal disease in infants during follow up. RESULTS--After confounding variables were corrected for babies who were breast fed for 13 weeks or more (227) had significantly less gastrointestinal illness than those who were bottle fed from birth (267) at ages 0-13 weeks (p less than 0.01; 95% confidence interval for reduction in incidence 6.6% to 16.8%), 14-26 weeks (p less than 0.01), 27-39 weeks (p less than 0.05), and 40-52 weeks (p less than 0.05). This reduction in illness was found whether or not supplements were introduced before 13 weeks, was maintained beyond the period of breast feeding itself, and was accompanied by a reduction in the rate of hospital admission. By contrast, babies who were breast fed for less than 13 weeks (180) had rates of gastrointestinal illness similar to those observed in bottle fed babies. Smaller reductions in the rates of respiratory illness were observed at ages 0-13 and 40-52 weeks (p less than 0.05) in babies who were breast fed for more than 13 weeks. There was no consistent protective effect of breast feeding against ear, eye, mouth, or skin infections, infantile colic, eczema, or nappy rash. CONCLUSION--Breast feeding during the first 13 weeks of life confers protection against gastrointestinal illness that persists beyond the period of breast feeding itself.

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Effect of general practitioners' advice against smoking

1979-07-28

Michael A. Russell , Casey Wilson , Colm Taylor +1 more

During four weeks all 2138 cigarette smokers attending the surgeries of 28 general practitioners (GPs) in five group practices in London were allocated to one of four groups: group 1 … During four weeks all 2138 cigarette smokers attending the surgeries of 28 general practitioners (GPs) in five group practices in London were allocated to one of four groups: group 1 comprised non-intervention controls; group 2 comprised questionnaire-only controls; group 3 were advised by their GP to stop smoking; and group 4 were advised to stop smoking, given a leaflet to help them, and warned that they would be followed-up. Adequate data for follow-up were obtained from 1884 patients (88%) at one month and 1567 (73%) at one year. Changes in motivation and intention to stop smoking were evident immediately after advice was given. Of the people who stopped smoking, most did so because of the advice. This was achieved by motivating more people to try to stop smoking rather than increasing the success rate among those who did try. The effect was strongest during the first month but still evident over the next three months and was enhanced by the leaflet and warning about follow-up. An additional effect over the longer term was a lower relapse rate among those who stopped, but this was not enhanced by the leaflet and warning about follow-up. The proportions who stopped smoking during the first month and were still not smoking one year later were 0.3%, 1.6%, 3.3%, and 5.1% in the four groups respectively (P <0.001).The results suggest that any GP who adopts this simple routine could expect about 25 long-term successes yearly. If all GPs in the UK participated the yield would exceed half a million ex-smokers a year. This target could not be matched by increasing the present 50 or so special withdrawal clinics to 10 000.

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THALIDOMIDE AND CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES

1961-12-01

W. G. McBride

TOMORROW'S DOCTORS

1972-02-01

O.K. Harlem

Early Childhood Adversity, Toxic Stress, and the Role of the Pediatrician: Translating Developmental Science Into Lifelong Health

2011-12-27

Andrew S. Garner , Jack P. Shonkoff , Ben Siegel +5 more

Advances in a wide range of biological, behavioral, and social sciences are expanding our understanding of how early environmental influences (the ecology) and genetic predispositions (the biologic program) affect learning … Advances in a wide range of biological, behavioral, and social sciences are expanding our understanding of how early environmental influences (the ecology) and genetic predispositions (the biologic program) affect learning capacities, adaptive behaviors, lifelong physical and mental health, and adult productivity. A supporting technical report from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) presents an integrated ecobiodevelopmental framework to assist in translating these dramatic advances in developmental science into improved health across the life span. Pediatricians are now armed with new information about the adverse effects of toxic stress on brain development, as well as a deeper understanding of the early life origins of many adult diseases. As trusted authorities in child health and development, pediatric providers must now complement the early identification of developmental concerns with a greater focus on those interventions and community investments that reduce external threats to healthy brain growth. To this end, AAP endorses a developing leadership role for the entire pediatric community-one that mobilizes the scientific expertise of both basic and clinical researchers, the family-centered care of the pediatric medical home, and the public influence of AAP and its state chapters-to catalyze fundamental change in early childhood policy and services. AAP is committed to leveraging science to inform the development of innovative strategies to reduce the precipitants of toxic stress in young children and to mitigate their negative effects on the course of development and health across the life span.

Monitoring the Future: National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings

2003-04-01

Lloyd D. Johnston , Patrick M. O’Malley , Jerald G. Bachman

Under the shadow of Tuskegee: African Americans and health care.

1997-11-01

Vanessa Northington Gamble

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study continues to cast its long shadow on the contemporary relationship between African Americans and the biomedical community. Numerous reports have argued that the Tuskegee Syphilis Study … The Tuskegee Syphilis Study continues to cast its long shadow on the contemporary relationship between African Americans and the biomedical community. Numerous reports have argued that the Tuskegee Syphilis Study is the most important reason why many African Americans distrust the institutions of medicine and public health. Such an interpretation neglects a critical historical point: the mistrust predated public revelations about the Tuskegee study. This paper places the syphilis study within a broader historical and social context to demonstrate that several factors have influenced--and continue to influence--African American's attitudes toward the biomedical community.

The Child Behavior Checklist and Related Forms for Assessing Behavioral/Emotional Problems and Competencies

2000-08-01

Thomas M. Achenbach , Thomas M. Ruffle

After completing this article, readers should be able to:Primary care physicians who work with children must deal with a great variety of behavioral and emotional problems. The system described in … After completing this article, readers should be able to:Primary care physicians who work with children must deal with a great variety of behavioral and emotional problems. The system described in this article provides low-cost, standardized assessment and documentation of such problems and requires little effort by the physician.Primary care physicians are under increasing pressure to obtain standardized documentation for the conditions they encounter. The most obvious pressures stem from managed care. Among the most frequently imposed expectations of primary care physicians are to: To fulfill these expectations, physicians need cost-effective procedures for obtaining, using, and transmitting information about patients.Children's behavioral and emotional problems pose special challenges for meeting such managed care requirements. Certain types of behavioral problems, such as those ascribed to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are widely publicized as candidates for medical management. Concerned parents, therefore, may request that pediatricians and family practitioners evaluate their children for ADHD. To assess ADHD and other behavioral and emotional problems, physicians need information from people who see children in their everyday contexts. Parents and parent-surrogates are the primary sources of such information for most children. Older children can contribute useful information about their own functioning. Teachers are especially important sources of information when children's functioning in school is relevant, such as when ADHD is suspected.There are no litmus tests to determine precisely which children have behavioral or emotional disorders. Furthermore, even when a child's behavior is clearly problematic, detailed documentation is needed to pinpoint the specific areas in which the child's behavior deviates from norms for age and gender. Such documentation is needed for deciding what action to take, advising parents, communicating with mental health and special education personnel, and referring to specialists.The CBCL is a standardized form that parents fill out to describe their children's behavioral and emotional problems. The version of the CBCL for ages 2 and 3 years (CBCL/2 to 3) can be completed by parents in about 10 minutes. The version for ages 4 to 18 years (CBCL/4 to 18) includes competence items and problems. The problem items can be completed by most parents in about 10 minutes, and the (optional) competence items require an additional 5 to 10 minutes. The CBCL is self-explanatory and can be filled out in a waiting room or can be sent home for completion. If a parent is unable to complete the CBCL independently, a receptionist or other staff member can read the items aloud and enter the parent's answers while the parent follows along on a second copy. For parents whose English skills are poor but who can read other languages, translations are available in 58 languages.Figure 1 shows the CBCL/2 to 3 filled out for 3-year-old Adam Stern by his mother. For each problem item, parents circle 0 if the item is not true of their child, 1 if the item is somewhat or sometimes true, and 2 if the item is very true or often true. Problem items on the CBCL/4 to 18 resemble those on the CBCL/2 to 3, except that parents rate the CBCL/4 to 18 problem items for the preceding 6 months instead of the 2 months specified on the CBCL/2 to 3. Competence items on the CBCL/4 to 18 assess the child's activities, social relations, and school functioning.The data obtained with the CBCL are summarized on a profile that displays the parent's ratings of each item. The profile also displays the child's standing on syndromes of problems that were derived from statistical analyses of CBCLs filled out for large numbers of clinically referred children. Each syndrome consists of problems that were found to occur concomitantly. Figure 2 displays the profile for Adam Stern that was scored from the CBCL/2 to 3 filled out by his mother.As illustrated in Figure 2, the CBCL/2 to 3 syndromes are designated in six areas: anxious/depressed, withdrawn, sleep problems, somatic problems, aggressive behavior, and destructive behavior. Adam's score on each syndrome consists of the sum of numbers that his mother circled on the individual items that comprise the syndrome. The left side of the profile delineates the percentile of the national normative sample for each syndrome score. For example, Adam's score on the anxious/depressed syndrome is at the 69th percentile, which means that 69% of the children in the national normative sample obtained scores at or below the score that Adam obtained.The broken lines on the profile shown in Figure 2 indicate a borderline range between the normal and clinical ranges. Scores that are below the bottom broken line (95th percentile) are in the normal range, and those that are above the top broken line (98th percentile) are in the clinical range. Scores between the broken lines are high enough to be of concern, but not high enough to be considered very deviant. Adam obtained scores in the borderline range on the sleep problems and somatic problems syndromes, but in the clinical range on the aggressive behavior syndrome. The profile in Figure 2 documents that Ms. Stern reported considerably more aggressive behavior for Adam than is reported by parents of most 3-year-olds as well as somewhat more sleep problems and somatic problems without known medical causes.The borderline and clinical ranges shown on the profiles provide guidelines for identifying scores that are moderately to very deviant compared with scores obtained by normative samples of children's peers. These guidelines are flexible in that users can tailor their choice of cutpoints to their particular caseloads and to the types of decisions needed in individual cases. For example, users may elect to apply lower cutpoints to scores on the anxious/depressed, aggressive behavior, and destructive behavior scales of the CBCL/2 to 3 and to scores on the attention problems scale of the CBCL/4 to 18. Because these syndromes comprise large numbers of potentially troublesome problems, lower cutpoints often may be warranted than for syndromes that comprise fewer and less troublesome problems. Furthermore, scores that fail to reach cutpoints may indicate a need for diagnostic evaluations for conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, oppositional-defiant disorder, ADHD, and conduct disorder. In the forthcoming 21st century editions of the profiles, lower cutpoints will be indicated explicitly on the profiles. Regardless of where clinical cutpoints are set, parents may be duly concerned when their children manifest behavioral or emotional problems, and such concerns always should be taken seriously and handled judiciously. In addition to problems, the 21st century CBCL for preschoolers (available in Fall 2000) includes a screen for language delays.The physician can use the findings in patient profiles in a variety of ways. For example, if Ms. Stern completed the CBCL as part of Adam's regular physical examination, the physician can ask her a few questions to determine her level of concern about Adam's high level of aggressive behavior and his moderately high levels of sleep and somatic problems. The physician then can offer guidance and determine whether further evaluation is indicated. It may be important to evaluate, for example, whether the elevated sleep and somatic problems reflect an undetected medical condition, a response to specific stressors, or a long-term pattern. If the Sterns are covered by a managed care plan, Adam's profile can be used to document needs for additional services, which might include further assessment to ascertain the causes of the sleep and somatic problems, as well as the pervasiveness of the aggressive behavior. If the managed care plan encourages the physician to assess behavioral problems further, the physician could ask Ms. Stern to take home a CBCL for Mr. Stern to complete and return. If Adam attends child care or preschool, the Sterns could be asked to have staff members each complete and mail in the C-TRF, which has many of the same items as the CBCL. This allows the physician to compare the two resulting profiles.If both the CBCL completed by Mr. Stern and the C-TRFs are consistent with the CBCL completed by Ms. Stern in revealing high levels of aggression, a need for help by a psychologist, psychiatrist, or other mental health specialist is substantiated. On the other hand, if neither the CBCL completed by Mr. Stern nor the C-TRFs reflect much aggression, this would suggest that Adam's aggressive behavior occurs primarily in interactions with Ms. Stern or that she is especially sensitive to behaviors that are less salient to others.The fact that only one informant reports high levels of particular types of problems, such as aggressive behavior, does not necessarily mean that the informant is either inaccurate or the cause of the child's problems. There are numerous reasons why children's problems may be especially salient in one situation or to one informant. A major benefit of using parallel assessment forms is that they explicitly document both inconsistencies and consistencies in how children's functioning is seen across a variety of situations and interaction partners. The informant-specific aspects of the reports may be as valuable as the aspects that are consistent across multiple informants. For example, if Ms. Stern is the only informant who reports aggressive behavior, it would be helpful to ask her about the circumstances in which she observes aggressive behavior and how these circumstances may differ from the circumstances in which Mr. Stern and others see Adam. The physician then can decide among options, such as child-rearing advice for Ms. Stern, further evaluation of Adam, or referral to a specialist. The cross-informant software described later makes it easy for the physician to compare data obtained from different informants about a child.There are several methods for obtaining and scoring CBCL data. For example, when Ms. Stern arrived for Adam's appointment with his doctor, the doctor's receptionist gave Ms. Stern the CBCL/2 to 3 to fill out in the waiting room and made herself available to answer questions about the form. After Ms. Stern completed the CBCL/2 to 3, which took about 10 minutes, she returned it to the receptionist, who took about 5 minutes to score it by hand on the profile (Fig. 2). (The profile also could be scored by others, such as a clerical worker, nurse, or physician assistant, either by hand or by using a desktop or notebook computer, which would take about 2 minutes.) If the C-TRF had been mailed in by Adam's child care provider or preschool teacher, it also could be scored on the C-TRF profile in about 5 minutes by hand or in 2 minutes by computer. Hand-scoring of the competencies on the CBCL/4 to 18 requires 5 to 7 minutes in addition to the 5 minutes needed to score the problems. Computer scoring of the competencies is considerably faster and easier than hand-scoring.The most efficient method of scoring forms is via computer with a software package that is compatible with most computers. Personnel who are familiar with word processing can use the software to score all the forms.Figure 3 shows a computer-scored profile for the CBCL/4 to 18 that was completed for 14-year-old Megan Dunn by her father. The profile is analogous to the hand-scored profile previously illustrated for 3-year-old Adam Stern, although the syndromes of problem items differ somewhat. For example, the CBCL/4 to 18 profile includes a syndrome designated as attention problems that includes many of the types of problems that are ascribed to ADHD. The CBCL/4 to 18 profile also includes a syndrome designated as delinquent behavior, which comprises unaggressive conduct problems, such as lying, stealing, truancy, and substance use. Together, the CBCL/4 to 18 delinquent behavior and aggressive behavior syndromes include most of the behaviors that are combined in the conduct disorder category of the fourth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV). The CBCL/4 to 18 profile has these separate scales because statistical analyses yielded separate syndromes for unaggressive conduct problems versus aggressive conduct problems. The physician, therefore, can see at a glance whether a child is deviant with respect to unaggressive delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, neither, or both. The profile displayed in Figure 3 was printed from DOS software; Windows® versions of the software were released in late 1999.Adolescents such as Megan Dunn can be asked to fill out the YSR to describe their own problems and competencies. As with the other assessments, the YSR can be filled out in the waiting room and either hand-scored or computer-scored by receptionists, clerical workers, nurses, or physician assistants. The physician then can view the scored profile before seeing the adolescent. If an adolescent's reading skills are in doubt, the YSR can be administered by a receptionist using the procedure described earlier for administering the CBCL to parents whose reading skills are questionable.For children who attend school, the TRF completed by a child's teacher also can be hand-scored or computer-scored on a profile. The scores obtained from one or more teachers can be compared with those obtained on the CBCL/4 to 18 from one or both parents or surrogates. For 11- to 18-year-olds, the profile scored from self-reports on the YSR also can be compared with the TRF and CBCL profiles.Comparisons of parents' reports with reports by others, such as teachers and adolescents, are especially helpful for assessing the cross-informant consistency of problems on syndromes such as anxious/depressed, somatic complaints, and attention problems to document the need for further medical assessment or referral for mental health services. To facilitate comparisons among scores from multiple informants, cross-informant software enables users to enter data from each CBCL/4 to 18, TRF, and YSR scored for the same child. The software then produces a profile scored from each form and side-by-side comparisons of the scores obtained from each informant on each item and each syndrome. This enables the user to identify specific problems and specific syndromes on which multiple informants agree versus those on which they disagree.As an example, side-by-side comparisons of problem items may reveal a youth reporting suicidal ideation and behavior on the YSR that neither his parents nor teachers report. This would indicate a possible risk for suicide that was not evident to the youth's parents and teachers. In another case, the side-by-side comparisons of syndrome scores might reveal high scores on the attention problems scale by all informants, which would support the need for treatment.Table 1 summarizes the forms, age ranges, and informants that are most relevant for assessment by primary care physicians. Related procedures are available for more specialized assessments, including the Semistructured Clinical Interview for Children and Adolescents (SCICA)(1) and the Direct Observation Form (DOF)(2), which can be used by paraprofessionals to record observations of children's behavior in school classrooms and other group settings. Table 2 presents answers to questions that physicians commonly ask about the forms that they are most likely to use.In addition to the family of forms described in this article, other forms are available for obtaining ratings of children's problems. Among the best known are those developed by C. Keith Conners(4) for obtaining parent and teacher ratings of attention problems and hyperactivity. Several scales scored from the Conners parent and teacher forms correlate significantly with scales scored from the CBCL/4 to 18(2) and TRF(5). For children suspected of having ADHD, the Conners forms frequently are used in conjunction with the CBCL and TRF. Whereas the Conners forms focus mainly on attention problems and hyperactivity, the CBCL and TRF can be used to determine the extent of a child's problems across a broad spectrum of syndromes.When ADHD has been diagnosed, brief versions of the Conners forms may be readministered at intervals of approximately once weekly to evaluate the short-term effects of interventions such as stimulant medication. The CBCL and TRF can be used to evaluate the effects of interventions for ADHD across broader ranges of functioning assessed over longer periods. To take into account the distinction that DSM-IV makes between inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive subtypes of ADHD, separate scores can be computed for inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity subscales of the TRF attention problems scale. Scores for these subscales are provided by the 1999 Windows® software for the TRF and can be obtained by hand-scoring the TRF.Space limitations preclude systematic comparisons of the CBCL family of forms with other forms for rating children's functioning, but some distinctive features of the CBCL and its related forms include: Because the CBCL costs only 40 cents and can be scored by clerical staff, it can be used routinely to assess most children. The physician then can decide whether to review the scored profiles for all cases. Alternatively, the physician can review only the scored profiles on which the staff member scoring the profile notes scores that are deviant or parents express concern about their child. The physician typically can review a profile in 1 to 2 minutes.In all cases, the completed CBCL and profile can be retained in the child's record to document his or her current functioning, as reported by the parent who completed the CBCL. If the physician elects interventions or referrals, the CBCL can help to document the basis for these decisions. If no action is needed, the CBCL provides a baseline picture of the child's functioning for comparison with CBCLs obtained later. Figure 4 outlines the typical use of the CBCL in primary care settings. For further illustrations of applications to primary care, the Medical Practitioner's Guide for the Child Behavior Checklist and Related Forms(7) can be ordered by mail, phone, fax, or online (see Table 2 for address, phone and fax numbers, e-mail, and Web site).

Unmet Need for Mental Health Care Among U.S. Children: Variation by Ethnicity and Insurance Status

2002-08-30

Sheryl H. Kataoka , Lily Zhang , Kenneth B. Wells

OBJECTIVE: Policy discussions regarding the mental health needs of children and adolescents emphasize a lack of use of mental health services among youth, but few national estimates are available. The … OBJECTIVE: Policy discussions regarding the mental health needs of children and adolescents emphasize a lack of use of mental health services among youth, but few national estimates are available. The authors use three national data sets and examine ethnic disparities in unmet need (defined as having a need for mental health evaluation but not using any services in a 1-year period) to provide such estimates. METHOD: The authors conducted secondary data analyses in three nationally representative household surveys fielded in 1996–1998: the National Health Interview Survey, the National Survey of American Families, and the Community Tracking Survey. They determined rates of mental health service use by children and adolescents 3–17 years of age and differences by ethnicity and insurance status. Among the children defined as in need of mental health services, defined by an estimator of mental health problems (selected items from the Child Behavior Checklist), they examined the association of unmet need with ethnicity and insurance status. RESULTS: In a 12-month period, 2%–3% of children 3–5 years old and 6%–9% of children and adolescents 6–17 years old used mental health services. Of children and adolescents 6–17 years old who were defined as needing mental health services, nearly 80% did not receive mental health care. Controlling for other factors, the authors determined that the rate of unmet need was greater among Latino than white children and among uninsured than publicly insured children. CONCLUSIONS: These findings reveal that most children who need a mental health evaluation do not receive services and that Latinos and the uninsured have especially high rates of unmet need relative to other children. Rates of use of mental health services are extremely low among preschool children. Research clarifying the reasons for high rates of unmet need in specific groups can help inform policy and clinical programs.

Book ReviewAmbulatory Pediatric Care

1989-01-05

Joel B. Steinberg

Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing

2016-05-09

George Patton , Susan M. Sawyer , John Santelli +7 more

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Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics

2000-07-19

Norman J. Sissman

Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant

1984-01-01

Jack S. Remington , J. O. Klein

Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant , Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant , Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز

Review of Child Development Research

1976-11-01

Dieter Jaeger

Journal Article Review of Child Development Research Get access Review of Child Development Research. Vol 5. Edited by Hetherington EMChicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1975, cloth, 615 pp, $17.50 … Journal Article Review of Child Development Research Get access Review of Child Development Research. Vol 5. Edited by Hetherington EMChicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1975, cloth, 615 pp, $17.50 D. LaVonne Jaeger D. LaVonne Jaeger Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Physical Therapy, Volume 56, Issue 11, November 1976, Pages 1307–1308, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/56.11.1307b Published: 01 November 1976

The Impact of Racism on Child and Adolescent Health

2019-07-29

Maria Trent , Danielle G. Dooley , Jacqueline Dougé +7 more

The American Academy of Pediatrics is committed to addressing the factors that affect child and adolescent health with a focus on issues that may leave some children more vulnerable than … The American Academy of Pediatrics is committed to addressing the factors that affect child and adolescent health with a focus on issues that may leave some children more vulnerable than others. Racism is a social determinant of health that has a profound impact on the health status of children, adolescents, emerging adults, and their families. Although progress has been made toward racial equality and equity, the evidence to support the continued negative impact of racism on health and well-being through implicit and explicit biases, institutional structures, and interpersonal relationships is clear. The objective of this policy statement is to provide an evidence-based document focused on the role of racism in child and adolescent development and health outcomes. By acknowledging the role of racism in child and adolescent health, pediatricians and other pediatric health professionals will be able to proactively engage in strategies to optimize clinical care, workforce development, professional education, systems engagement, and research in a manner designed to reduce the health effects of structural, personally mediated, and internalized racism and improve the health and well-being of all children, adolescents, emerging adults, and their families.

Behavioral and Emotional Disorders in Children during the COVID-19 Epidemic

2020-04-03

Wen Jiao , Lin Na Wang , Juan Liu +4 more

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Psychiatric disorders in America: the epidemiologic catchment area study

1991-06-01

The book review section of the Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience provides critical synopses of relevant literature in three review categories, i.e., brief or extended reviews of books recently published, … The book review section of the Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience provides critical synopses of relevant literature in three review categories, i.e., brief or extended reviews of books recently published, and reviews of books of historical interest.This format is intended to provide variety of subject matter and quality of content, giving reviewers the opportunity to be creative and imaginative in expressing their opinions and ideas.

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Nelson textbook of pediatrics

2003-11-01

I. C. Venna

The Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in Great Britain

2000-01-01

Howard Meltzer , Rebecca Gatward , Robert Goodman +1 more

Preventing Tobacco Use among Youth and young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General

2012-01-01

Epidemiology in Medicine.

1988-02-01

The World Mental Health Report: transforming mental health for all

2022-09-08

Melvyn Freeman

The British Journal of Psychiatry

2005-02-01

Tom Fahy London , Sidney Crown , Anne Farmer London +7 more

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ … An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

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Contextual factors in US-Mexico border health professions education

2025-06-25

Priya Harindranathan , Nivethitha Manohar , Bill Roberts +1 more | Education for Health

Background: The aim of our study was to identify the significant factors that must be addressed in health professions education to prepare students for contextually responsive practice. Methods: We conducted … Background: The aim of our study was to identify the significant factors that must be addressed in health professions education to prepare students for contextually responsive practice. Methods: We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 18 participants: five teaching faculty, nine who served in leadership roles in higher education, and four community practitioners. The participants identified contextual factors that need to be addressed for contextually responsive practice. Results: Health care professionals must be cognizant of cultural factors that limit cross-cultural communication and trust between providers and patients, as well as understand the structural and systemic factors that impact health such as income, employment, lack of insurance, lack of transportation, the role of social determinants of health, and the lack of healthcare access.

Moving beyond awareness: The evidence on sexism within paramedicine is in – it's time to transform the system

2025-06-25

Jennifer Bolster , T Lunn | Paramedicine

Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of children in contact with patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Colombia.

2025-06-24

Dione Benjumea‐Bedoya , Jaime Robledo , María Patricia Arbeláez +7 more | PubMed

The available clinical practice guidelines on tuberculosis infection are not exclusive to the pediatric population. To formulate evidence-based recommendations for the evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of children in contact with … The available clinical practice guidelines on tuberculosis infection are not exclusive to the pediatric population. To formulate evidence-based recommendations for the evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of children in contact with patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Colombia. A multidisciplinary development panel (composed by clinical and field experts, researchers, and methodologists who declared conflicts of interests), including patient representatives, and decision-makers formulated 10 questions and prioritized outcomes related to diagnosis (clinical evaluation, chest X-ray, and interferon-gamma release assays-IGRA), treatment (efficacy of regimens in different clinical scenarios), and follow-up (monitoring and strategies to increase adherence) for children exposed to tuberculosis. We conducted systematic literature reviews to identify guidelines, systematic reviews, and primary studies. We assessed these sources' quality and risk of bias with specific tools. We synthesized the evidence narratively and, in some cases, performed de novo meta-analyses (diagnostic and network meta-analyses). We evaluated the certainty of evidence using the GRADE system. We used the GRADE evidence-to-recommendation framework to formulate the recommendations. We recommend 1) the use of IGRA tests to identify tuberculosis infection and chest X-rays to screen for active tuberculosis in children exposed to tuberculosis, 2) short instead of extended regimens for children with and without immunosuppression, 3) levofloxacin or susceptibility-guided regimens in cases of contact with drug-resistant tuberculosis, 4) monthly clinical follow-up during the treatment, 5) the implementation of comprehensive approaches to identify barriers to encourage treatment adherence. The guideline panel provides context-specific, evidence-based recommendations for assessing and treating children exposed to tuberculosis in Colombia.

Developing a framework for Swiss outpatient pediatric research network

2025-06-24

Chantal Kuske , Sabatino Maione , Emiliano Soldini +1 more | Frontiers in Pediatrics

Aims In Switzerland, availability of pediatric outpatient data for research is limited. Pilot projects showed the benefits of collaborative networks for research, but there is no common understanding on how … Aims In Switzerland, availability of pediatric outpatient data for research is limited. Pilot projects showed the benefits of collaborative networks for research, but there is no common understanding on how to best organize, govern, operate and fund these. This project aimed at developing a framework for the establishment of a nationwide collaborative outpatient pediatric research network. Methods Following a qualitative approach, we conducted individual interviews, a workshop and a focus group with pediatricians and other healthcare stakeholders to discuss various aspects related to the development of the research network, including motivations for participation, retention strategies, perceived barriers, expected challenges, and previous experiences. Results Participants were interested and willing to join such a network and gave valuable inputs, but also emphasized important challenges, particularly time constraints/limited resources, data management/IT infrastructure and funding. These insights allowed developing the outline of a three-step iterative implementation plan. Conclusions The project emphasized key elements to consider for the development of a Swiss outpatient pediatric research network sustainable in the long term, that would mark a pivotal advancement for pediatric healthcare research.

The Determinants of Traditional Medicine Use in Morocco to Treat Sick Infants

2025-06-24

A. Barkat , Kashif Barkat , Souhaila Bellitir +2 more | Social Science and Humanities Journal

Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of the use of traditional medicine in Morocco to treat sick infants. Materials and methods: This … Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of the use of traditional medicine in Morocco to treat sick infants. Materials and methods: This is a prospective descriptive quantitative study conducted over a 12-month period from February 2023 to February 2024, in the various Moroccan regions. Results: By surveying 520 parents/Tutors, this work retained the following dependent variable: "having ever used traditional medicine to treat their infants" to conduct univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The final model reports that rural origin (OR: 3.58, 95% CI (1.65-6, 08), P =0.036), income less than 4000 dh (OR: 2.86, 95% CI (1.06-4, 74), P =0.03), AMO health coverage (OR: 3.92, 95% CI (1.84-5, 19), P =0.02), parents'/Tutors' trust in traditional medicine (OR: 2.73, 95% CI (1.35-4.93), P =0.04), parents'/Tutors' trust in traditional healers (OR: 2.24, 95% CI (1.41-6.39), P =0.03), religious beliefs (OR: 2.68, 95% CI (1.86-6.54), P =0.031), interpersonal relationships (OR: 2.37, 95% CI (1.52-6.04), P =0.02), accessibility of traditional medicines (OR: 2.41, 95% CI (1.36-5.4), P =0.05), social accessibility OR: 2.28, 95% CI (1.18-4.71), P=0.01) and low cost of TM (OR: 2.63, 95% CI (1.03-5.80), P =0.02) were ten risk variables favoring parents/Tutors' use of traditional medicine to treat their infants. On the other hand, parents' level of university education (OR: 0.26, 95% CI (0.13-0.49), P =<0.001) and parents' liberal/civil servant status (OR: 0.31, 95% CI (0.18-0.63), P =<0.001) seemed not to encourage respondents to use traditional medicine. Conclusion: Reducing the use of traditional medicine to treat sick infants is of great importance to counteract infant morbidity and mortality in Morocco. For this reason, it is essential to take account of the risk factors identified in this study when implementing urgent measures.

Psychiatrists and paediatricians warn care is at risk as services are overstretched and staff burnt out

2025-06-24

Matthew Limb | BMJ

Evaluating Physician Knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Addressing Diagnostic Challenges, Comorbidities, and the Need for Targeted Education

2025-06-24

Beata Maja Gellert , Dorota Raczkiewicz , Urszula Religioni +2 more | Archives of Medical Science

Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with diverse symptoms and frequent comorbidities, posing diagnostic challenges. Despite advances in ASD awareness and diagnostic methods, significant knowledge gaps … Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with diverse symptoms and frequent comorbidities, posing diagnostic challenges. Despite advances in ASD awareness and diagnostic methods, significant knowledge gaps persist among healthcare professionals. This study assessed physicians' knowledge of ASD, focusing on symptoms, comorbidities, and diagnostic challenges to enhance patient care. Material and methods This study, conducted in 2024, involved physicians attending courses at the Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education in Warsaw (CMKP). Participation was anonymous and voluntary. Respondents completed the author's questionnaire and the Knowledge about Childhood Autism among Health Workers (KCAHW) questionnaire to assess autism knowledge across four domains: social interaction impairments, communication issues, obsessive behaviors, and disorder onset and comorbidities. Physicians also provided professional and demographic data. Results The study included 395 physicians, primarily young (mean age 31), female (75%), and in early career stages, with most having up to five years of experience. While 75% had some contact with individuals on the autism spectrum, only 28% had close family or acquaintances with ASD. Knowledge about autism was moderate, averaging 74% correct responses, with higher accuracy in recognizing social interaction impairments (80%) and repetitive behaviors (78.5%), but lower accuracy regarding comorbidities (63%). Younger, less experienced physicians, women, and those with personal ASD contact had higher knowledge about autism. Conclusions The study highlights the need for targeted ASD education to address specific knowledge gaps among healthcare professionals, essential for providing informed and compassionate care.

International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

2025-06-24

Mairam K. Koshukeeva , Vladimir P. Alekseev | Heart Vessels and Transplantation

New and Evolving Dimensions in the Pediatrician-Family-Patient Relationship: Maintaining and Managing Boundaries: Clinical Report

2025-06-23

Douglas J. Opel , Douglas S. Diekema , Naomi Laventhal +5 more | PEDIATRICS

Maintaining and managing boundaries in relationships with patients and their family members remains extremely important for the practicing pediatrician. Technological innovations that facilitate communication and information sharing, such as social … Maintaining and managing boundaries in relationships with patients and their family members remains extremely important for the practicing pediatrician. Technological innovations that facilitate communication and information sharing, such as social media, have created new dimensions within the pediatrician-family-patient relationship. Shifts in patient and family expectations of the medical profession that have occurred over time, such as a greater desire among patients and families to have increased access to their pediatrician, also present novel challenges to traditional professional boundaries. Further, social and political issues that have bearing on the practice of medicine have raised questions about pediatricians’ role as advocates for individual patients and child health within the pediatrician-family-patient relationship. The 2009 AAP policy statement, “Pediatrician-Family-Patient Relationships: Managing the Boundaries,” offers guidance for pediatricians in navigating several key scenarios regarding professional boundaries, including accepting gifts, dual relationships, and romantic relationships with patients or caregivers. Since the content in this 2009 policy statement remains relevant, the intent of this clinical report is to complement the 2009 statement and provide guidance for navigating new and evolving dimensions of the traditional pediatrician-family-patient relationship, including advocacy within the pediatric clinical encounter, self-disclosure, and social media relationships with patients or caregivers.

Born Too Soon: Progress and priorities for respectful and rights-based preterm birth care

2025-06-23

Mary V. Kinney , Elena Ateva , Olive Cocoman +7 more | Reproductive Health

Abstract Progress Human rights related to preterm birth encompass access to respectful, evidence-based care; informed consent; protection from discrimination, detention, and unnecessary separation of mother and newborn; and broader social … Abstract Progress Human rights related to preterm birth encompass access to respectful, evidence-based care; informed consent; protection from discrimination, detention, and unnecessary separation of mother and newborn; and broader social entitlements, such as parental leave and early disability support. Since the 2012 Born Too Soon report, global recognition of these rights has expanded through international treaties, global guidelines, national legal reforms, and social movements. Demand for respectful care, including respectful maternity care and family centred care, has led to its incorporation into global guidelines and policies and a greater evidence-base. However, persistent challenges, such as workforce shortages, discriminatory policies, and the erosion of sexual and reproductive rights, continue to threaten progress. Programmatic Priorities Ensuring respectful and rights-based preterm birth care requires coordinated action across the continuum of care and across sectors, with the mother–baby dyad at the centre. Programmatic priorities at the individual level include implementing respectful maternity care and family-centred care. Ensuring high-quality, respectful care demands that providers themselves are supported, protected, and empowered to deliver such care. Their well-being is a critical enabler of the rights of patients and an essential component of effective, compassionate service delivery. At the facility-level, health systems must be purposefully designed to safeguard the fundamental human rights of the individuals with them, both care seekers and care providers. Implementing respectful, rights-based care relating to preterm birth requires structural and social changes, as well as robust data systems for accountability. Multi-stakeholder action requires strengthening accountability mechanisms at all levels and partnering with those affected by preterm birth—particularly women, families and healthcare providers—in policy processes, and the design, implementation and monitoring of care. At national-level, action requires the adoption, implementation and monitoring of international and regional human rights instruments, with multisectoral collaboration and social mobilization where violations continue. Pivots To operationalize respectful and rights-based care for preterm birth, four primary shifts are needed: scale up respectful care; empower and partner with women and families; address the shortage of healthcare providers and protect their rights; and strengthen policy action and accountability.

Pattern of Referrals to the Child Guidance Clinic: A Retrospective Study from a Rural Tertiary Health Care Center

2025-06-23

Ms. Kanimozhi. K , Janhavi Purandare , Harshal Sathe | Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health

Psychiatric disorders and emotional abnormalities are frequently encountered in pediatric referrals. Parenting stress is considered to be a significant factor leading to disrupted children’s appointments in general pediatric clinics. We … Psychiatric disorders and emotional abnormalities are frequently encountered in pediatric referrals. Parenting stress is considered to be a significant factor leading to disrupted children’s appointments in general pediatric clinics. We conducted this retrospective descriptive study to observe the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients referred to a rural hospital’s Child Guidance Clinic. The rationale for the study was to analyze the rates of psychiatric disorders, referral patterns, and psychiatric diagnoses in the Child Guidance Clinic, as patients with psychiatric disorders—especially children and adolescents—tend to visit nonmental health clinics for their symptoms rather than mental health clinics. The study was conducted at a rural medical college in Central India, where the Child Guidance Clinic is run twice a week. Case files of all children and adolescents (up to the age of 18) referred to the Child Guidance Clinic of a Psychiatry Outpatient Department between 2018 and 2023 were analyzed. A semi-structured proforma was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical information. Descriptive and statistical inferences were applied using Epi Info-7 software. The study included data from 750 pediatric referrals to the Child Guidance Clinic, referred for irritability, restlessness, aggressive behavior, self-harm attempts, sadness, and poor scholastic performance. A significant proportion of referrals originated from the pediatrics department (48%), followed by medicine (22%) and surgery (11%). Among the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision psychiatric diagnoses, mental retardation was found to be the most common (25.8%). The study focused on pediatric psychiatric referrals. The most common cause for referral was externalizing problems, and the most common psychiatric disorders were mental retardation, conduct disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Age group comparison showed that children were more likely to be diagnosed with hyperkinetic and developmental disorders, while adolescents were more likely to be diagnosed with depressive disorder.

Compass—Canada’s first child psychiatry access program: Implementation and lessons learned

2025-06-23

Vivian W. L. Tsang , Michelle CQ Lin , Natalie Huang +6 more | PLoS ONE

There is a lack of mental health and substance use providers for youth in BC, particularly in rural and remote areas. To address these gaps, Canada's first child psychiatry access … There is a lack of mental health and substance use providers for youth in BC, particularly in rural and remote areas. To address these gaps, Canada's first child psychiatry access program, BC Children's Hospital Compass Program, was developed in 2018 to support providers across the province in providing evidence-based mental health and substance use care to youth under 25. This article describes the program's first five years and provides an overview of its creation, utilization, and clinical uses. Quantitative data collected by the Compass Program from September 2018 through September 2023 were analyzed. Participation and utilization of the service by providers in the province were analyzed and descriptive statistics, including means with standard deviations for quantitative variables have been used to describe demographic and other medical factors related to participants. A total of 2336 new providers have been enrolled since Compass' inception. Number of clinical calls into Compass remained steady over the five-year period with an average of 1085 individual providers served per year. Service use is highest in Vancouver Coastal Region (27.3%), followed by Northern Health (21.4%), Interior (15.7%), Vancouver Island (14.5%), and Fraser (13.4%), and Yukon (0.3%). General practitioners make up over a third of all encounters (34.6%), followed closely by pediatrician encounters making up 27.5% of total encounters from 2018-2023. These two provider types comprise over 60% of all encounters over the 5-year timespan. Encounters with other provider types were less common, with the third most common encounter being Child and Youth Mental Health (CYMH) clinicians, totalling 8.6% of total encounters. 37.6% of encounters were for male patients and 42.9% for female patients with 6.8% reporting "Other" genders and 12.7% declining to answer. Medication concerns are the most common reason for accessing Compass, regardless of gender. Therapy questions, resource coordination issues, and diagnostic clarification followed in frequency, comprising a similar amount of consults. Compass consultations have the potential to benefit three groups of people: the specific patient being consulted on, the provider requesting the consultation, as well as the provider's colleagues who might benefit from peer consultation. Capacity building is important given Compass receives calls from rural and remote areas where there are no psychiatrists or child psychiatrists where general practitioners and clinicians regularly work with patients along the entire spectrum of mental health and substance use disorders.

Fachbeitrag: Wirkungen der leiblich-körperlichen Selbstwahrnehmung von Frauen nach länger zurückliegendem perinatalen Kindstod

2025-06-23

Simone Kastel , Wolfram Schulze | motorik

<kj:p>Der perinatale Kindstod stellt für Frauen ein biografisch einschneidendes Ereignis dar. Es erhöht das Risiko, klinisch-psychiatrische bzw. psychosomatische Symptome zu entwickeln. Verstärkte Trauerreaktionen können über Jahre auftreten. Der Artikel zeigt … <kj:p>Der perinatale Kindstod stellt für Frauen ein biografisch einschneidendes Ereignis dar. Es erhöht das Risiko, klinisch-psychiatrische bzw. psychosomatische Symptome zu entwickeln. Verstärkte Trauerreaktionen können über Jahre auftreten. Der Artikel zeigt erstmalig anhand einer qualitativen Studie auf, welche Wirkungen auf die leiblich-körperliche Selbstwahrnehmung der Frauen nach über 20?Jahre zurückliegendem perinatalen Kindsverlust aus ihrer Perspektive auftreten. Wie sich zeigt, können selbst 47?Jahre später situationsabhängig belastende Selbstwahrnehmungen beschrieben werden. Aus den individuellen Angaben werden spezifische leib- und körperorientierte Gruppenangebote sowie Maßnahmen multimodaler Gesundheitsförderung abgeleitet.</kj:p>

Trump team vows to improve kids‘ health: scientists are sceptical

2025-06-23

Heidi Ledford | Nature

Pediatric Collections: Endocrinology Cases

2025-06-23

| American Academy of Pediatrics eBooks

Pediatric Collections: Endocrinology Cases presents 20 real-world cases that reveal how subtle symptoms like fatigue, poor growth, or weight loss can mask complex endocrine disorders. Through detailed histories, physical exams, … Pediatric Collections: Endocrinology Cases presents 20 real-world cases that reveal how subtle symptoms like fatigue, poor growth, or weight loss can mask complex endocrine disorders. Through detailed histories, physical exams, and diagnostic workups, this collection highlights the importance of broad differential thinking and pattern recognition in pediatric care. Covering a wide range of hormonal and metabolic conditions, it’s an essential resource for clinicians seeking to sharpen their diagnostic skills and improve patient outcomes. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/Pediatric-Collections-Pediatric-Endocrinology-Case-Collection-Paperback

The Scope of Nurturing Care in Early Childhood and Its Applications in Our Country

2025-06-23

Elanur YOLAL KARİMOV , Gülbin GÖKÇAY | Namık Kemal Tıp Dergisi

ADECA: A novel course for training Paediatric Diabetes Nurse Educators in Sub-Saharan Africa

2025-06-21

Juliana Chizo Agwu , Kandi Muze , Joyce Mbogo +6 more | Hormone Research in Paediatrics

Background: Care of children with diabetes is best delivered by a specialist multidisciplinary team of paediatric endocrinologists, diabetes nurse educators, dietitians and psychologists. The Allied Healthcare Paediatric Diabetes Educator Course … Background: Care of children with diabetes is best delivered by a specialist multidisciplinary team of paediatric endocrinologists, diabetes nurse educators, dietitians and psychologists. The Allied Healthcare Paediatric Diabetes Educator Course for Africa (ADECA) is the first specialised paediatric diabetes educator training program for nurses working in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of the paper is to describe the course structure and evaluation findings of the first ADECA-program. Methods: The ADECA course is a hybrid one-year course, organised in six phases, including online modules, in person modules, and work-based assessments. Fifteen nurses from seven sub-Saharan African countries were selected to undertake the first course. The course was evaluated using the Kirkpatrick model which rates the results of training courses against four levels of criteria: reaction, learning, behaviour, and results. Findings: All nurses successfully completed the course. 100% strongly agreed that the ‘in person’ modules were beneficial and enjoyable, compared to 87.5% of nurses for the online modules. Eighteen months following completion, the nurses are contributing to care of children and young people with diabetes and taking a lead in training other healthcare professionals. Seventy-three percent have joined national committees, with 27% actively involved in developing national guidelines and influencing policy. Forty percent have presented at either national or international scientific conferences. Interpretation: The ADECA course has successfully created a pool of competent Paediatric Diabetes Nurse Educators who can support children and their families as well as train other healthcare personnel in diabetes care and become future faculty members. This bespoke course can be adapted for use in other low-income countries.

Effect of national guidance on survival for babies born at 22 weeks’ gestation in England and Wales: implications for future research

2025-06-20

Hannah Farley , Charles Christoph Roehr | Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal

We Must Act Now to Address The Pediatric Specialty Care Crisis

2025-06-20

| Forefront Group

Experiences of Lactation in GME: Are there Benefits Beyond the Parent and Infant?

2025-06-19

Virginia Sheffield , Sarah Tomlinson , Harlan McCaffery +1 more | Maternal and Child Health Journal

Abstract Introduction Although lactating graduate medical education trainees often encounter barriers when returning to work—such as perceived challenges on clinical teams—the potential benefits arising from their lactation experiences remain understudied. … Abstract Introduction Although lactating graduate medical education trainees often encounter barriers when returning to work—such as perceived challenges on clinical teams—the potential benefits arising from their lactation experiences remain understudied. In particular, no prior research has examined whether working alongside lactating trainees enhances knowledge and patient care. The purpose of this study was to assess trainee perceptions of how experiences with lactation impacted their knowledge of lactation and ability to care for lactating patients. Methods In 2022, all residents and fellows at a large academic medical center were eligible to participate in an anonymous electronic survey. Data analyses included chi-squared testing of lactation experiences and trainee self-perceived ability to care for lactating patients. Results 133/1319 (10%) of trainees representing 31 programs completed the survey. 87% of participants disagreed that they felt uncomfortable about a co-resident pumping in their presence. Personal experience with lactation was associated with perceived increase in knowledge of lactation ( p = 0.012) as well as perceived ability to better care for a lactating patient ( p < 0.001) when compared with no experience with lactation, or experience through others. Among those without personal lactation experience, 71% felt their knowledge of lactation improved and 42% believed their ability to care for lactating patients was better due to their experiences working with lactating teammates. Conclusions Lactation does not disrupt other residents on the team and may positively impact the care of lactating patients. The benefits of lactation may extend beyond the lactating parent and their infant.

Too many children are missed even in health settings, says review of child sexual exploitation

2025-06-19

Zosia Kmietowicz | BMJ

Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Increased Burden in Caring for Children: An Observational Study of Japanese General Households

2025-06-18

Tomo Nonoyama | Pediatric Reports

Increased burdens on caregivers of infants and toddlers significantly affect caregivers' quality of life and health. Although adequate care during infancy contributes to child development and special health care needs … Increased burdens on caregivers of infants and toddlers significantly affect caregivers' quality of life and health. Although adequate care during infancy contributes to child development and special health care needs affect caregiver burden, the risk factors for and protective factors against increased caregiver burden remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate children's health care needs and required caregiving time and identify factors associated with increased caregiver burden. We conducted an online survey of 287 Japanese caregivers who were randomly selected from a web panel and were raising children aged <4 years. The survey comprised a sociodemographic data form, Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) Screener, caregiving time survey form, and questions on increased burden. Needs and caregiving time were evaluated by dividing the participants into CSHCN and non-CSHCN groups. Related factors were analyzed using increased burden as the dependent variable. The chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and modified Poisson regression were used for data analysis. Among the children of the 287 participating caregivers, 16.4% were identified as CSHCN, while 96.9% had no specific diagnosis. Overall, 38.3% of the CSHCN group met only one of the five CSHCN Screener items. The CSHCN group spent significantly more time providing and arranging/coordinating health care. The non-CSHCN group spent significantly more time providing daily care. After adjusting for covariates, increased caregiver burden was significantly associated with a younger age of the child, more caregiving time required 6 months prior to the survey, and providing care for CSHCN. To help reduce the burden of childcare on caregivers of infants and young children, children's needs should be identified and generous childcare provided from an early age. Early identification of CSHCN and appropriate support for families may help reduce caregiver burden during early childhood.

Adolescence unveiled

2025-06-18

Cayetano García-Castrillón , Blanca García-Castrillón Fernández | Routledge eBooks

Trends in Neonatal and Postneonatal Respiratory-Related Mortality in the United States, 1999–2020: A National Analysis by Sex, Urbanization, and Region

2025-06-17

Emaad Siddiqui , Maliha Khalid , Muhammad Saad Khan +1 more | Research Square (Research Square)

<title>Abstract</title> Background Respiratory conditions are a leading cause of infant mortality in the United States, particularly during the first year of life. Distinct etiologies underlie respiratory-related deaths in neonatal (0–27 … <title>Abstract</title> Background Respiratory conditions are a leading cause of infant mortality in the United States, particularly during the first year of life. Distinct etiologies underlie respiratory-related deaths in neonatal (0–27 days) versus post-neonatal (28–364 days) periods, necessitating age-specific analyses. Despite overall declines in infant mortality, disparities in respiratory-related deaths persist across demographic and geographic subgroups. Methods This retrospective observational study used CDC WONDER mortality data from 1999 to 2020 to examine trends in respiratory-related deaths among U.S. infants. Crude mortality rates (CMRs) per 100,000 live births were calculated separately for neonates and post-neonates. Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to evaluate temporal trends, with stratification by sex, urbanization level (metropolitan vs. non-metropolitan), and U.S. Census region. Results Over the 22-year period, 96,165 neonatal and 53,623 post-neonatal respiratory deaths were reported. Neonatal CMR declined from 1.33 to 1.01 (AAPC: − 1.25%, p < 0.001), with the most significant reduction from 2006–2011. Post-neonatal mortality fell more steeply from 0.83 to 0.47 (AAPC: − 2.77%, p < 0.000001). Males consistently exhibited higher mortality than females in both age groups. While mortality declined across all urbanization levels, non-metropolitan areas exhibited persistently higher rates. Geographic disparities were also evident, with the South showing the highest mortality burden throughout. Conclusion Respiratory-related infant mortality in the U.S. significantly declined from 1999 to 2020, with more pronounced improvements in post-neonatal than neonatal populations. Persistent disparities by sex, geography, and urbanization highlight the need for targeted public health interventions to further reduce preventable infant deaths. These findings underscore the importance of stratified surveillance and intervention strategies to address underlying socio demographic inequities.

Harming children: the effects of the UK puberty blocker ban

2025-06-17

Natacha Kennedy | Journal of Gender Studies

Adolescent Healthcare Autonomy: Mature Minors in the Islamic Context

2025-06-16

Bilal Irfan , Basel Tarab | Cureus

INSON HUQUQLARI BOʻYICHA MILLIY INSTITUTLAR FAOLIYATINING HUQUQIY ASOSLARI

2025-06-16

Muhriddin Nabiyev | Deleted Journal

Ushbu maqola inson huquqlari boʻyicha milliy institutlar faoliyatining huquqiy asoslarini tahlil qiladi. Maqolada milliy qonunchilik, inson huquqlari boʻyicha milliy institutlar toʻgʻrisidagi qonunlar, konstitutsiya va boshqa normativ-huquqiy aktlarning ahamiyati tahlil etiladi. … Ushbu maqola inson huquqlari boʻyicha milliy institutlar faoliyatining huquqiy asoslarini tahlil qiladi. Maqolada milliy qonunchilik, inson huquqlari boʻyicha milliy institutlar toʻgʻrisidagi qonunlar, konstitutsiya va boshqa normativ-huquqiy aktlarning ahamiyati tahlil etiladi. Inson huquqlari boʻyicha milliy institutlar faoliyatining asosiy tamoyillari yoritiladi. Maqolada inson huquqlarini himoya qilishda inson huquqlari boʻyicha milliy institutlar ning roli va ahamiyati baholanadi. Ushbu maqolada insonning erkinlik va shaxsiy daxlsizlik huquqi tushunchasining mohiyati, inson huquqlari himoyasining milliy mexanizmlari, huquqiy asoslari bayon etilgan.

Health prevention in the pediatric population - challenges and recommendations for the future

2025-06-16

Maria Antos , Oliwia Regina Wasąg , Karina Aleksandra Koszuta +7 more | Journal of Education Health and Sport

Introduction and purpose: The aim of this work is to deepen the topic of health prevention and to draw attention to the need for early intervention, a holistic approach to … Introduction and purpose: The aim of this work is to deepen the topic of health prevention and to draw attention to the need for early intervention, a holistic approach to health and cooperation between family, school and health care. Popularization of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle, including breastfeeding, physical activity and prevention of lifestyle diseases, is crucial for the proper development of children and adolescents. State of knowledge: The contemporary approach to prevention in pediatrics is based on four levels of preventive measures. Primary prevention focuses on eliminating or reducing risk factors for diseases and shaping pro-health habits, such as a healthy diet, physical activity and vaccinations. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection of diseases in their subclinical stages, which allows for faster initiation of treatment and limiting further development of diseases. Tertiary prevention aims to prevent complications and further deterioration of health in people already affected by the disease. This includes rehabilitation, psychological support and control and treatment of chronic diseases. Quaternary prevention, which is gaining importance in recent studies, involves protecting patients from unnecessary medical interventions that may do more harm than good. Conclusion: Effective prevention in pediatrics requires an integrated approach, including cooperation between parents, teachers, medical personnel and institutions responsible for public health. Adapting activities to local conditions and actively involving children and their caregivers increase the effectiveness of prevention programs. Comprehensive, yet individualized strategies are key to improving the health of the pediatric population and preventing diseases in later stages of life.

Percepção e conhecimento de residentes de pediatria sobre patologias ortopédicas infantojuvenis

2025-06-16

Luiz Renato Drumond Américo , Ruth Borges Dias , Luiza Ávila Ferreira Drumond Américo | Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento básico de ortopedia e a autopercepção do mesmo, pelos médicos residentes de pediatria, em Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, realizado em 30 médicos … Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento básico de ortopedia e a autopercepção do mesmo, pelos médicos residentes de pediatria, em Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, realizado em 30 médicos residentes de pediatria. Utilizou-se um questionário online estruturado de múltipla escolha, baseado em patologias ortopédicas prevalentes na infância. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na autopercepção de segurança e no desempenho nas provas objetivas entre R1, R2 e R3. A maioria dos participantes (96,7%) reconhece a importância de atividades relacionadas à ortopedia na residência, mas apenas 43,3% afirmaram tê-las em sua formação, predominando o estágio em ambulatório de ortopedia pediátrica. A média da autopercepção de segurança no manejo de condições ortopédicas foi de 2,4 (em uma escala de 1 a 5) e a média de acertos na prova teórica foi de 12,1 em 20 questões. A maior taxa de acerto (96,7%) foi observada na questão sobre dor nos membros inferiores; a menor (16,7%) em doenças do metabolismo ósseo. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram desempenho insatisfatório e sugerem a necessidade de aprimoramento do ensino de ortopedia na formação pediátrica. Conclui-se que é fundamental a ampliação do conteúdo ortopédico na graduação e na residência médica, com apoio da Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.

Drug Dependence Among Minors: Issues of Counteraction and Prevention in a Historical Retrospective

2025-06-16

Margaryta Tvardovska | Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika» Seria Uridicni nauki

The article attempts to study the problem of drug addiction in the context of combating drug addiction among minors, as a negative social phenomenon in society. In particular, it is … The article attempts to study the problem of drug addiction in the context of combating drug addiction among minors, as a negative social phenomenon in society. In particular, it is studied that drug addiction, in particular, among minors, is a problem of many years ago, since narcotic drugs were used by mankind for medical, religious, cultural and other purposes. At the same time, with the development of society, with the expansion of the achievements of science and, in particular, medicine, today the problem of drug addiction has arisen, in particular, among minors. Therefore, drug addiction is not only a medical problem today. Narcotics has become a complex social and negative phenomenon, which has extremely serious consequences for society as a whole, since it covers various spheres of life: cultural, economic, legal, family, psychological, etc. Therefore, there is an urgent need, on the one hand, to establish strict, primarily state control, enshrined at the legislative level, over the circulation of narcotic drugs and precursors and, on the other hand, to develop and implement a number of preventive measures against drug addiction among citizens and, in particular, among minors. It is noted that the international community recognized drug control as a global problem more than a hundred years ago. In particular, this was noted at the first international conference on this issue, which took place in 1909 in Shanghai. Since then, the international system of control over the circulation of narcotic drugs and precursors has developed gradually, in particular, starting in 1912, when the International Opium Convention was adopted. In 1961, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs was adopted, in 1971 – the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, in 1988 – the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. It is confirmed that Ukraine, as a European state, has joined and ratified the above-mentioned conventions. Moreover, during the period of independence, anti-narcotics legislation was adopted, in particular, criminal liability for illegal handling of narcotic drugs and precursors was introduced, and a comprehensive countermeasure against drug addiction, in particular among minors, was launched. It is stated that drug addiction as a social phenomenon, in particular, drug addiction among minors, is a huge threat to the development of society and the stability of the state, therefore, combating this scourge is a priority task of every state. Therefore, the prevention and control of drug addiction in our country requires radical changes: from strict regulation of the circulation of narcotic drugs and precursors at the legislative level to a significant improvement in preventive law enforcement activities at all levels. The ways to solve this problem lie in joining the efforts of state authorities, public organizations and society as a whole. This will certainly give a positive result in the form of a decrease in the level of drug addiction among minors as an important socially negative phenomenon. Keywords: drug addiction, narkotism, drug addiction of minors, narcotic drugs, precursors, psychotropic substances, counteraction and prevention of drug addiction.

Income and Maternal/Child Health—The Baby’s First Years Trial

2025-06-16

Margaret McConnell , Margaret G. Parker | JAMA Pediatrics

Willingness to Treat Pediatric Patients Among Dentists in Bulgaria: A Nationwide Survey

2025-06-16

Ralitsa Bogovska-Gigova | International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

Healthy school – healthy family of the community within the framework of the Ukrainian-Swiss project “Act for Health”

2025-06-15

Nadiia Bilyk , Taisiia Yaroshenko | Image of the modern pedagogue

[A shared journey in pediatric advancement].

2025-06-14

Linan Qiu , Fang Fang , Jie Zhou +7 more | PubMed

[Lighting the path of pediatric medicine with scholarly brilliance].

2025-06-14

X L , Mizu Jiang , Jen‐Fen Fu | PubMed

Lowering the barriers to sexual health services: Impacts of free counselling and testing for sexually transmitted infections in Switzerland – an observational study

2025-06-13

Leonie Arns-Glaser , Andrea Farnham , Katja Hochstrasser +2 more | medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Background In Switzerland, tests for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) are usually not covered by health insurance in asymptomatic people. To improve access, Zurich launched free voluntary counselling and … Background In Switzerland, tests for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) are usually not covered by health insurance in asymptomatic people. To improve access, Zurich launched free voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) in June 2023 for residents <26 years or with low income. This study describes the implementation of free VCT for HIV and STIs in a high-income setting where access to testing was previously expensive, along with key barriers and enablers to accessing testing and counselling in the target population. Methods We conducted a study using routine health data, and a client feedback questionnaire (FBQ) collected during the first 12 months of the programme. Logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with first-time HIV or STI testing, with results reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results In the first year, 3,475 people came for free testing. 83% (n=2,866) agreed to share their data. 21% (n=719) completed the FBQ. Median (IQR) age of participants was 24 (23, 26) years. 46% were assigned female at birth. Four HIV diagnoses were confirmed, all of them in MSM. The infection with the highest positivity rate was chlamydia (4.5%), followed by gonorrhoea (2.5%). Men having sex with men (MSM) showed the highest positivity rate in all STIs. 39% of visits were by individuals who had not received prior HIV testing. MSM, were significantly less likely to be first-time testers for HIV (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.15–0.48) and STI (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.44–1.21) compared to women who have sex with men (WSM). Conclusions The free VCT project experienced high demand during the first year. Even in a high-income setting, counselling improved participants' sexual health knowledge and facilitated many first HIV/STI tests.

Expanding a primary care nurse practitioner fellowship to support rural and underserved pediatric patients in the US

2025-06-13

James R. Carpenter , Haut , Wawrzynski +2 more | Rural and Remote Health

Penguatan Pengetahuan Tentang Pencegahan Mal Praktek Melalui Pemahaman Kode Etik Keperawatan pada Mahasiswa Profesi Ners 21 Universitas Kusuma Husada Surakarta

2025-06-13

Saelan Saelan , RB Soemanto , Sahuri Teguh Kurniawan | Jurnal Masyarakat Madani Indonesia

Pada praktik keperawatan, perawat dituntut untuk memberikan Pelayanan yang dilakukan secara profesional dan mengacu pada standar yang telah ditetapkan. dan kode etik keperawatan. Namun, masih sering terjadi kasus malpraktik yang … Pada praktik keperawatan, perawat dituntut untuk memberikan Pelayanan yang dilakukan secara profesional dan mengacu pada standar yang telah ditetapkan. dan kode etik keperawatan. Namun, masih sering terjadi kasus malpraktik yang dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan, termasuk perawat, yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman tentang kode etik keperawatan dan pencegahan malpraktik. Mahasiswa profesi Ners sebagai calon perawat profesional perlu dibekali dengan pengetahuan yang memadai tentang pencegahan malpraktik dan pemahaman kode etik keperawatan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk menambah wawasan mahasiswa profesi Ners 21Universitas Kusuma Husada Surakarta tentang pencegahan tindakan malpraktik. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode penyampaian materi secara ceramah. interaktif, diskusi kasus, contoh kasus, serta pre-test dan post-test untuk mengukur tingkat pemahaman peserta. Hasil pre-test menunjukkan bahwa 67% mahasiswa sudah memiliki pemahaman yang baik, sementara hasil post-test meningkat menjadi 96,5%, Mahasiswa menunjukkan pemahaman yang kuat terhadap materi yang disampaikan tentang malpraktik dan cara pencegahannya. Diharapkan dengan kegiatan ini, mahasiswa profesi Ners dapat memiliki pengetahuan yang lebih baik dan mampu mencegah tindakan malpraktik dalam praktik keperawatan. Saran untuk institusi adalah untuk terus memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai malpraktik, serta agar preseptor klinik senantiasa memberikan bimbingan terkait pencegahan malpraktik.

The Importance of Mental Health Literacy in the Military Service

2025-06-13

G. Aliyeva | Психиатрия психотерапия и клиническая психология

Education, knowledge enhancement, and enlightenment are constantly emphasized in military high schools, military academies and universities. The physical and mental health of soldiers is in the focus of the states. … Education, knowledge enhancement, and enlightenment are constantly emphasized in military high schools, military academies and universities. The physical and mental health of soldiers is in the focus of the states. Mental health state of the soldiers is playing crucial role in the formation of each of these soldiers’ personalities and this influence effects the interpersonal relationships among military staff. Stress factor, and the soldiers’ coping strategies are one of the main factors that influence effectiveness of military service. Purpose. The aim of this study to measure stress factor of the soldiers who are serving in the special units of the guard regiment of the Service. Materials and methods. The measurement scale (Perceived stress scale) was chosen according to the interpretive constructive methodology. It was a population-based, descriptive study of the cohort of 117 soldiers, who were selected based on simple random sampling. The study was realized between February-July in 2024, in Baku. Results. There is a positive correlation between the items related to being upset, being unable to control the situation, and feeling nervous and stressed (r=0,595**; r=0,372**, r=0,240**, p=0,000). There next positive correlation found among coping difficulties, being outside of their control, pilling up so high problems (r=0,367**; r=0,335**, r=0,484**, p=0,000). It is clear that stress symptoms can significantly affect their interpersonal relationship, and occupational skills and can be observed affecting psychological, emotional, and cognitive aspects. Participating in different traumatizing situations that can occur unpredictably, influences their coping abilities, and managing events. Conclusion. According to the study, it would be suggested to explore the research in more diverse and large sample of military staff. Образование, повышение знаний и просвещение постоянно подчеркиваются в военных вузах. Физическое и психическое здоровье солдат находится в центре внимания государств. Состояние психического здоровья солдат играет решающую роль в формировании личности каждого из этих солдат, что влияет на межличностные отношения среди военнослужащих. Фактор стресса и стратегии совладения солдат являются одними из основных факторов, которые влияют на эффективность военной службы. Цель. Измерение фактора стресса у солдат, служащих в специальных подразделениях охранного полка службы. Материалы и методы. Шкала измерения (шкала воспринимаемого стресса) была выбрана в соответствии с интерпретационной конструктивной методологией. Это было популяционное, описательное исследование когорты из 117 солдат, которые были отобраны на основе простой случайной выборки. Исследование было реализовано в период с февраля по июль 2024 г. в Баку. Результаты. Существует положительная корреляция между пунктами, связанными с расстройством, неспособностью контролировать ситуацию и чувством нервозности и стресса (r=0,595**; r=0,372**, r=0,240**, p=0,000). Следующая положительная корреляция обнаружена между трудностями совладания, нахождением вне своего контроля, накоплением больших проблем (r=0,367**; r=0,335**, r=0,484**, p=0,000). Очевидно, что симптомы стресса могут существенно влиять на их межличностные отношения и профессиональные навыки, психологические, эмоциональные и когнитивные аспекты. Участие в различных травмирующих ситуациях, которые могут возникнуть непредсказуемо, влияет на их способность справляться и управлять событиями. Заключение. Согласно исследованию, было бы предложено изучить данную тему на более разнообразной и большой выборке военнослужащих.

Experiences of Care for Adolescents With Mental Health Difficulties in Acute Paediatric Services: A Systematic Review

2025-06-12

Lisa Kirwan , Efa Apriyanti , Greg Sheaf +2 more | Journal of Clinical Nursing

ABSTRACT Background Adolescents with mental health difficulties often attend acute paediatric services. There is a need to establish how well these services address their difficulties. No systematic review of this … ABSTRACT Background Adolescents with mental health difficulties often attend acute paediatric services. There is a need to establish how well these services address their difficulties. No systematic review of this issue for adolescents aged 12–17 has been published. Aim To explore perspectives of healthcare professionals, adolescents and families on the provision of care for adolescents with mental health difficulties in acute paediatric services. Design Mixed methods systematic review. Methods Authors screened published studies using Covidence for eligibility and extracted data. Findings were synthesised using qualitative convergent synthesis. Studies were critically appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Data Sources Five databases were searched: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase and Web of Science Core Collection from June 2003 to July 2023. Results Sixteen studies were included. Eleven studies were good quality, three were low quality and two were fair quality. Healthcare professionals' perspectives consisted of two themes: barriers and facilitators of care. Adolescents' perspectives consisted of two themes: perceptions of care and supportive and unsupportive interpersonal interactions. One study explored families' experiences of care. Conclusion Perspectives of care were similar across various countries and suggest that acute paediatric services do not adequately address mental health difficulties. There is a need for more support and education for healthcare professionals, targeted interventions and further research. Reporting Method The SWiM guideline was used to ensure a transparent and systematic literature review. No patient or public contribution. Trial Registration PROSPERO: CRD42023443336 ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=443336 )