Health Professions › General Health Professions

Health and Lifestyle Studies

Works Count: 117968

Wikipedia

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on promoting healthy lifestyles, including nutrition, physical activity, and mental health, among university students. It addresses risk factors for chronic diseases such as obesity and emphasizes the importance of health promotion and educational interventions.

Keywords

Healthy Lifestyles; University Students; Nutrition; Physical Activity; Obesity; Chronic Diseases; Health Promotion; Risk Factors; Mental Health; Educational Interventions

Stress, personal control and health.

1989-01-01

Andrew Steptoe , Ad Appels

Part 1 Occupational aspects: personal control in an occupational context, Katharine R.Parkes personal control at work and health - a review of epidemiological studies in Sweden, Tores Theorell restricted status … Part 1 Occupational aspects: personal control in an occupational context, Katharine R.Parkes personal control at work and health - a review of epidemiological studies in Sweden, Tores Theorell restricted status control and cardiovascular risk, Johannes Siegrist and Herbert Matschinger. Part 2 The clinical perspective: assessment of control in health-care settings, Kenneth A.Wallston information, coping and control in patients undergoing surgery and stressful medical procedures, Suzanne M.Miller et al perceived control and the experience of pain, Arnoud Arntz and Anton J.M. Schmidt the relationship between anxiety, lack of control and loss of control, Susan Mineka and Kelly A. Kelly life events, personal control and depression, Johan Ormel and Robbert Sanderman loss of control, vital exhaustion and coronary heart disease, A.D. Appels. Part 3 Mechanisms relating stress with control: psychophysiological consequences of behavioural choice in adversive situations, Keith Phillips the role of control in cardiovascular activation and cardiovascular disease - help or hindrance?, Arne Ohman and Gunilla Bohlin neuroendocrine correlates of control and coping, Robert Dantzer social control in relation to neuroendocrine and immunological responses, Jaap Koolhaas and Bela Bohus the significance of personal control in health and disease, Andrew Steptoe.

Self-Efficacy

2014-06-11

Ralf Schwarzer

Part 1: self-efficacy and human functioning exercise of personal agency through the self-efficacy mechanism two dimensions of perceived self- efficacy - cognitive control and behavioural coping ability. Part 2: self- … Part 1: self-efficacy and human functioning exercise of personal agency through the self-efficacy mechanism two dimensions of perceived self- efficacy - cognitive control and behavioural coping ability. Part 2: self- Efficacy And Human Development Perceived Control - Motivation, Coping and development personal control over development - implications of self- Efficacy. Part 3: Self-Efficacy, Stress And Emotions Perceived Self- efficacy and phobic disability self-efficacy and depression. Part 4: self-efficacy and health behaviours self-efficacy in the adoption and maintenance of health behaviours - theoretical approaches and a new model self-efficacy and attribution theory in health education. Part 5: self-efficacy, physical symptoms, and rehabilitation of chronic disease the role of self-efficacy in recovery from heart attack self-efficacy mechanism in psychobiologic functioning.

The stages of exercise behavior.

1993-03-01

Bess H. Marcus , Laurey R. Simkin

The stages of change model has shown promise in advancing knowledge about smoking behavior change and other negative addictive behaviors. The model was applied to the study of exercise, a … The stages of change model has shown promise in advancing knowledge about smoking behavior change and other negative addictive behaviors. The model was applied to the study of exercise, a healthy rather than unhealthy behavior. A stages of exercise behavior questionnaire was administered to a sample of 235 employees. Next, the ability of a second questionnaire measuring physical activity behavior to differentiate employees according to stage of exercise was tested. Results revealed that 51% of employees were participating in no physical activity (Precontemplation, Contemplatation) and 49% were participating in occasional or regular physical activity (Preparation, Action, Maintenance). Scores on physical activity behavior items significantly differentiated employees among the stages. This model developed on smoking and other behaviors can be generalized to exercise behavior. Understanding the stages of exercise behavior could yield important information for enhancing rates of participation in physical activity.

Handbook of social and clinical psychology: the health perspective

1991-07-01

C. R. Snyder , Donelson R. Forsyth

Shields M., Carroll M.D., Ogden C.L. Adult Obesity Prevalence in Canada and the United States. NCHS Data Brief no. 56, Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 2011

2011-07-01

Shelley McGuire

View PDF Chat

Energy Balance and Obesity in Man

1975-09-01

Mark D. Ailshul

Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine

2012-08-25

Marc D. Gellman , J. Rick Turner

A Predictive Study of Coronary Heart Disease

1964-07-06

Ray H. Rosenman , Meyer Friedman , Reuben Straus +4 more

This study was designed to (1) compare "predictive" abilities of different parameters and their interrelationships in the future incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and (2) define the profile of … This study was designed to (1) compare "predictive" abilities of different parameters and their interrelationships in the future incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and (2) define the profile of coronary-prone males through retrospective analysis of prospectively obtained data. Comprehensive studies of overt behavior pattern, blood lipids and coagulation, body measurements, socioeconomic factors, individual habits, and cardiovascular status were obtained annually since 1960 in 3,524 men, aged 39 to 59 years. Manifest CHD was found in 113 of 3,411 "well" men, but this was unknown to the investigators at the time of the study. The men with CHD exhibited higher serum beta/alpha lipoprotein ratios and 80 of them had been adjudged in "blind" assessments to exhibit an overt behavior pattern (type A) previously found associated with occurrence of CHD in middle-aged men.

Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health

2004-06-01

Gösta Samuelson

An expert report aiming to design strategies in promoting healthy diets and physical activity behaviours was published a year ago by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and … An expert report aiming to design strategies in promoting healthy diets and physical activity behaviours was published a year ago by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and t...

View PDF Chat

Public Health Strategies for Preventing and Controlling Overweight and Obesity in School and Worksite Settings: A Report on Recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services

2005-01-01

David L. Katz , Meghan O’Connell , Ming‐Chin Yeh +5 more

Reducing morbidity and mortality related to overweight and obesity is a public health priority. Various interventions in school and worksite settings aim to maintain or achieve healthy weight. To identify … Reducing morbidity and mortality related to overweight and obesity is a public health priority. Various interventions in school and worksite settings aim to maintain or achieve healthy weight. To identify effective strategies for weight control that can be implemented in these settings, the Task Force on Community Preventive Services (Task Force) has conducted systematic reviews of the evidence on nutrition, physical activity, combinations of these interventions, and other behavioral interventions (e.g., cognitive techniques such as self-awareness and cue recognition). Task Force recommendations are based on evidence of effectiveness, which is defined in this report as achieving a mean weight loss of > or =4 pounds, measured > or =6 months after initiation of the intervention program. The Task Force recommends multicomponent interventions that include nutrition and physical activity (including strategies such as providing nutrition education or dietary prescription, physical activity prescription or group activity, and behavioral skills development and training) to control overweight and obesity among adults in worksite settings. The Task Force determined that insufficient evidence existed to determine the effectiveness of combination nutrition and physical activity interventions to prevent or reduce overweight and obesity in school settings because of the limited number of qualifying studies reporting noncomparable outcomes. This report describes the methods used in these systematic reviews; provides additional information regarding these recommendations; and cites sources for full reviews containing details regarding applicability, other benefits and harms, barriers to implementation, research gaps, and economic data (when available) regarding interventions.

[Population reference values of the Spanish version of the Health Questionnaire SF-36].

1998-10-10

Jordi Alonso , Enrique Regidor , Gregorio Barrio +3 more

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND INCIDENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN COLLEGE ALUMNI

1983-03-01

Ralph S. Paffenbarger , Alvin L. Wing , Robert T. Hyde +1 more

In a study population of 14,998 Harvard male alumni, 681 hypertensives were first diagnosed during a 6-10-year follow-up beginning 16-50 years after college entrance. The study comprised 105,662 man-years of … In a study population of 14,998 Harvard male alumni, 681 hypertensives were first diagnosed during a 6-10-year follow-up beginning 16-50 years after college entrance. The study comprised 105,662 man-years of observation of these men who had entered college in 1916-1950, and who were followed from 1962 or 1966 to 1972. Presence or absence of a background of collegiate sports did not influence risk of hypertension in this study population, nor did stair-climbing, walking, or light sports play by alumni. But, alumni who did not engage in vigorous sports play were at 35% greater risk of hypertension than those who did, and this relationship held at all ages, 35-74 years. Higher levels of body mass index, weight gain since college, history of parental hypertension, and lack of strenuous exercise independently predicted increased risk of hypertension in alumni. Men 20% or more over ideal weight-for-height were at 78% greater risk than lighter men. Those who had gained 25+ lbs (c. 11.5+ kg) since entering college were at 60% greater risk than those who had gained less. Alumni with a hypertensive parent were at 83% higher risk than men without such parentage. Contemporary vigorous exercise was inversely related to hypertension risk, but chiefly among alumni overweight-for-height. In the clinical sense, attributable risk estimates ranged from 30% to nearly 50% for the alumni characteristics of overweight, weight gain, parental hypertension, and lack of vigorous exercise. In the community sense, attributable risk of these same characteristics ranged 13-26%. To sum up, vigorous exercise is associated with lower hypertension incidence, and, without necessarily altering body weight-for-height, avoids or reduces fat and promotes muscle; obesity, rather than excess weight-for-height, is associated with higher hypertension incidence; hence, vigorous exercise is appropriate for use as an intervention regimen in the prevention of hypertension.

Effect of physical training on cardiovascular adjustments to exercise in man.

1977-10-01

J. P. Clausen

Relationship of physical health status and health practices

1972-08-01

Nedra B. Belloc , Lester Breslow

Smoking in relation to the death rates of one million men and women.

1966-01-01

Hammond Ec

ORGANIZATION FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL HOMEOSTASIS

1929-07-01

W. B. Cannon

View PDF Chat

Aerobic work capacity in men and women with special reference to age.

1960-01-01

Irma Åstrand

Handbook of health psychology

2001-06-01

Coronary Heart Disease and Physical Activity of Work

1958-12-20

J.N. Morris , M. D. Crawford

View PDF Chat

Anthropometric reference data and prevalence of overweight, United States, 1976-80.

1987-10-01

Matthew F. Najjar , Michael L. Rowland

Handbook of Health Psychology

2012-04-27

Considered the most comprehensive handbook in the field, this rich resource reviews the biological, psychological, and social factors that affect health, health behavior, and illness. Many chapters review the latest … Considered the most comprehensive handbook in the field, this rich resource reviews the biological, psychological, and social factors that affect health, health behavior, and illness. Many chapters review the latest theories and research while others illustrate how research is translated into clinical and community interventions to improve physical health and emotional well-being. Chapters examine health behavior processes within the social contexts in which we live, including family, social, and cultural communities. The handbook cuts across concepts (behavior change), populations (women’s health), risk and protective factors (obesity) and diseases, making it appropriate for a variety of readers from various fields. Featuring contributions from the top researchers and rising stars in the field, each author provides a theoretical foundation, evaluates the empirical evidence, and makes suggestions for future research, clinical practice, and/or policy. Novices to the field appreciate the accessibly written chapters, while seasoned professionals appreciate the book’s deep, cutting edge coverage. Significantly updated throughout, the new edition reflects the latest approaches to health psychology today: greater emphasis on translating research into practice and policy more on the socio-cultural aspects of health including socioeconomic status, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and aging two new sections on risk and protective factors for disease and another on social and structural influences that affect health more on prevention, interventions, and treatment in the applications section an expansion of the bio-psycho-social model across several levels of analysis, including cultural, macro-social, and cellular factors. The book opens with the field’s central theories, emphasizing the interaction of biological and social systems. Part II reviews the mechanisms that help explain the link between health and behavior across diseases and populations. The all new Part III focuses on variables that lead to the onset of major diseases or that are instrumental in promoting health. Part IV, also new to the second edition, highlights social and structural influences on health. The book concludes with applications of research to specific illnesses and medical conditions. The Handbook serves as a text in graduate or upper level undergraduate courses in health psychology taught in psychology, public health, medical sociology, medicine, nursing, and other social and allied health sciences. Its cutting edge, comprehensive coverage also appeals to researchers and practitioners in these fields.

Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults and Youth: United States, 2015-2016.

2017-10-01

Craig M. Hales , Margaret D. Carroll , Cheryl D. Fryar +1 more

Obesity is associated with serious health risks. Monitoring obesity prevalence is relevant for public health programs that focus on reducing or preventing obesity. Between 2003–2004 and 2013–2014, there were no … Obesity is associated with serious health risks. Monitoring obesity prevalence is relevant for public health programs that focus on reducing or preventing obesity. Between 2003–2004 and 2013–2014, there were no significant changes in childhood obesity prevalence, but adults showed an increasing trend. This report provides the most recent national estimates from 2015–2016 on obesity prevalence by sex, age, and race and Hispanic origin, and overall estimates from 1999–2000 through 2015–2016.

State- and sex-specific prevalence of selected characteristics--Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1996 and 1997.

2000-07-07

Deborah Holtzman , Eve Powell‐Griner , Bolen Jc +1 more

High-risk behaviors (e.g., physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, and drinking and driving) and lack of preventive health care (e.g., screening for cancer) are associated with morbidity and mortality from chronic disease … High-risk behaviors (e.g., physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, and drinking and driving) and lack of preventive health care (e.g., screening for cancer) are associated with morbidity and mortality from chronic disease and injury. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) collects state-specific information to determine the prevalence of such behaviors and preventive practices. By using the BRFSS, states can gain a better understanding of the factors that have a major affect on the health of their adult populations. The BRFSS is also used to monitor progress toward national health objectives.1996 and 1997.The BRFSS is a state-based telephone survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized, adult (i.e., persons aged 18 years) population. In both 1996 and 1997, 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico participated in the BRFSS.As in previous years, state- and sex-specific variations occurred in the prevalence of high-risk behaviors, awareness of certain medical conditions, use of preventive health services, and health-care coverage. For example, in 1997, the percentage of adults who reported being current cigarette smokers ranged from 13.8% to 30.7% among states (median: 23.2%), and the percentage of adults who reported driving after drinking too much alcohol ranged from 0.6% to 5.3% (median: 1.9%). Binge drinking varied substantially not only by state (range: 6.3%-23.3%; median: 14.5%) but also by sex (men: 22.3%; women: 6.7%). Similarly, the prevalence of overweight varied considerably by sex: 62.2% of men and 44.5% of women were overweight in 1997.The 1996 and 1997 BRFSS data demonstrate that U.S. adults engage in behaviors that are detrimental to their health. The data also demonstrate that many adults are making efforts to prevent chronic disease and injury. The prevalence of certain behaviors and health practices differs between states and between men and women. The reasons for these differences by state and sex are subjects for further analysis, but only through continued surveillance can the areas that need further study be identified.Data from the BRFSS are useful in developing and guiding public health programs and policies. For many states, the BRFSS is the only source of state-level data on behaviors and practices related to chronic disease and injury; therefore, BRFSS data are vital for effective decision-making at the local level. States will continue to use these data to help prevent premature morbidity and mortality among their adult population and to assess progress toward national health objectives.

Health behaviors of adults: United States, 1999-2001.

2004-02-01

Charlotte A. Schoenborn , Patricia Adams , Patricia M. Barnes +2 more

This report presents prevalence estimates for key indicators of alcohol use, cigarette smoking, leisure-time physical activity, and body weight status among U.S. adults, using data from the 1999-2001 National Health … This report presents prevalence estimates for key indicators of alcohol use, cigarette smoking, leisure-time physical activity, and body weight status among U.S. adults, using data from the 1999-2001 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS). The NHIS is conducted annually by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics. Estimates are shown for several sociodemographic subgroups for both sexes combined and for men and women separately. Subgroups are compared in terms of prevalence of healthy and unhealthy behaviors. Methods Data for the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population were collected using computer-assisted personal interviews (CAPI). Questions on health behaviors were asked in the Sample Adult component of the basic core questionnaire. All data were self-reported. This report is based on a total of 96,501 completed interviews with sample adults aged 18 years and over, representing an overall sample adult response rate of 71.8% for the 3 years combined. Statistics were age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. Results Overall, 6 in 10 U.S. adults were current drinkers in 1999-2001; about 1 in 4 adults (23.1%) were lifetime abstainers. About 1 in 4 adults (23.1%) were current smokers and over one-half of adults (54.3%) had never smoked cigarettes. About 6 in 10 adults engaged in at least some leisure-time physical activity with about 3 in 10 regularly engaging in such activities. About 6 in 10 adults were overweight or obese (BMI > or = 25), with 4 in 10 adults having a healthy weight.

Handbook of social and clinical psychology—The health perspective

1992-05-01

Darrin R. Lehman

Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2017-2018.

2020-02-01

Craig M. Hales , Margaret D. Carroll , Cheryl D. Fryar +1 more

Obesity is associated with serious health risks (1). Severe obesity further increases the risk of obesity-related complications, such as coronary heart disease and end-stage renal disease (2,3). From 1999-2000 through … Obesity is associated with serious health risks (1). Severe obesity further increases the risk of obesity-related complications, such as coronary heart disease and end-stage renal disease (2,3). From 1999-2000 through 2015-2016, a significantly increasing trend in obesity was observed (4). This report provides the most recent national data for 2017-2018 on obesity and severe obesity prevalence among adults by sex, age, and race and Hispanic origin. Trends from 1999-2000 through 2017-2018 for adults aged 20 and over are also presented.

The Health consequences of smoking: nicotine addiction: a report of the Surgeon General

1989-11-01

Handbook of Health Psychology

2001-01-12

Health and treatment of diabetes mellitus

2021-04-30

I Wayan Suryasa , María Rodríguez Gámez , Tihnov Koldoris

Some reflections will be presented on diabetes mellitus, which is a very common chronic disease in daily life due to different causes where diet and sedentary lifestyle directly influence. Considering … Some reflections will be presented on diabetes mellitus, which is a very common chronic disease in daily life due to different causes where diet and sedentary lifestyle directly influence. Considering these analyzes, the proposal of this work is to ensure that readers are able to know, interpret, disseminate and in many cases recommend preventive measures that help improve the physical and mental health of readers, and citizens, with this it would be achieved the best quality of life in society. The disease flourishes when the pancreas does not secrete enough insulin or when the body does not use the insulin it produces effectively. The effect of uncontrolled diabetes is hyperglycemia or high blood glucose). Over time, this disease seriously damages many organs of the human body, mainly the nervous system and blood vessels. They achieve a healthy body and mind at the present time that humanity is engaged in eradicating the viruses that have affected the world population, which would provide a healthy development for humanity.

View PDF Chat

Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health

1996-07-17

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor … Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal

View PDF Chat

Obesity and Overweight

2011-01-01

Roger J. R. Levesque

The Practical Guide: Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults

2000-01-01

Psychosocial models of the role of social support in the etiology of physical disease.

1988-01-01

Sheldon Cohen

Obesity and Overweight

2012-02-08

The Obesity Epidemic

2005-04-28

Michael Gard , Jan Wright

Epidemiology and Control of Hypertension.

1976-02-01

Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem

2006-01-01

Harvey R. Colten , Bruce M. Altevogt

It is estimated that 50 to 70 million Americans chronically suffer from a disorder of sleep and wakefulness, hindering daily functioning and adversely affecting health and longevity. The cumulative long-term … It is estimated that 50 to 70 million Americans chronically suffer from a disorder of sleep and wakefulness, hindering daily functioning and adversely affecting health and longevity. The cumulative long-term effects of sleep deprivation and sleep disorders have been associated with a wide range of deleterious health consequences including an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, depression, heart attack, and stroke. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research concluded that although clinical activities and scientific opportunities in the field are expanding, awareness among the general public and health care professionals is low, given the magnitude of the burden. The available human resources and capacity are insufficient to further develop the science and to diagnose and treat individuals with sleep disorders. Therefore, the current situation necessitates a larger and more interdisciplinary workforce. Traditional scientific and medical disciplines need to be attracted into the somnology and sleep medicine field. Renewed and revitalized commitments to the field from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), academic health centers, private foundations, and professional societies are essential to ensure appropriate public and professional awareness, education and training, basic and clinical research, and patient care. Finally, the fragmentation of research and clinical care currently present in most academic institutions requires the creation of accredited interdisciplinary sleep programs in academic institutions.

Physical activity & behavioral medicine

1999-02-01

James F. Sallis , Neville Owen

`Timely and will be of special interest to health service managers and members of primary care groups because the successful promotion of regular physical activity is a challenge contained in … `Timely and will be of special interest to health service managers and members of primary care groups because the successful promotion of regular physical activity is a challenge contained in the strategy of Our Healthier Nation and is a candidate for incorporation into health improvement programmes and the service framework for coronary heart disease' - Health Service Journal This crisply written and thought-provoking book integrates theories and studies from several disciplines to examine what is known about physical activity and health. The authors use a behavioural epidemiology framework to organize the book and explore such topics as: physical activity and the health of children, adults and the elderly; the impact of physical activity on mental health; health risks of physical activity; how to measure it; how to promote physical activity to individuals; and community-based physical activity interventions. Highlighting some of the best and most important research in physical activity, the book offers studies of diverse populations, including different ethnic backgrounds and nationalities, age and gender groups and socioeconomic levels. Although the health benefits of physical activity are fairly well-known, this book furthers our understanding of how to help people become active enough to enjoy these benefits.

Social Psychological Foundations of Health and Illness

2003-01-01

Jerry Suls , Kenneth A. Wallston

List of contributors. Preface. 1. Introduction to Social Psychological Foundations of Health and Illness: Jerry Suls (University of Iowa) and Kenneth A. Wallston (Vanderbilt University). Part I: Models of Health/Risk … List of contributors. Preface. 1. Introduction to Social Psychological Foundations of Health and Illness: Jerry Suls (University of Iowa) and Kenneth A. Wallston (Vanderbilt University). Part I: Models of Health/Risk Behavior and Behavior Change:. 2. Healthy Lifestyle across the Life--Span: The Heck with the Surgeon General: Howard Friedman (University of California, Riverside). 3. Exploring the links between risk perceptions and preventive behavior: Neil Weinstein (Cook College). 4. Communicating about Health: Message Framing, Persuasion and Health Behavior: Peter Salovey (Yale University) and Duane Wegener (Purdue University). 5. The Information--Motivation--Behavioral Skills Model: A General Social Psychological Approach to Understanding and Promoting Health Behavior: William A. Fisher (University of Western Ontario), Jeffrey D. Fisher (University of Connecticut), and Jennifer J. Harman (University of Connecticut). 6. A Social Reaction Model of Adolescent Health Risk: Frederick X. Gibbons, Meg Gerrard, and David J. Lane (all Iowa State University). 7. Affect, Thought and Protective Health Behavior: The Case of Worry and Cancer Screening: Kevin McCaul and Amy Boedicker Mullens (both North Dakota State University). 8. Social--Cognitive Factors in Health Behavior Change: Britta Renner (Ernst--Moritz--Arndt--Universitaet Greifswald) and Ralf Schwarzer (Free University of Berlin). Part II: Social--Cognitive Processes in Health:. 9. Common Sense Models of Illness: Implications for Symptom Perception and Health--Related Behaviors: Rene Martin (University of Iowa), Nan Rothrock (University of Iowa), Howard Leventhal (Rutgers University), and Elaine Leventhal (University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey). 10. Contributions of Social Comparison to Physical Illness and Well--Being: Jerry Suls (University of Iowa). 11. Interpersonal Emotional Processes in Adjustment to Chronic Illness: Robert F. DeVellis, Megan A. Lewis, and Katherine Regan Sterba (all University of North Carolina). 12. The Social, Linguistic and Health Consequences of Emotional Disorder: James Pennebaker (University of Texas at Austin). 13. Affiliation, Social Support and Biobehavioral Responses to Health: Shelley Taylor (University of California, Los Angeles), Laura Cousino Klein (Pennsylvania State University), Tara L. Gruenewald (University of California, Los Angeles), Regan A.R. Gurung (University of Wisconsin), and Sara Fernandes--Taylor (University of California, Los Angeles). Part III: Personality and Health:. 14. Toward a Social Psychophysiology of Cardiovascular Reactivity: Interpersonal Concepts and Methods in the Study of Stress and Coronary Disease: Timothy Smith (University of Utah), Linda Gallo (San Diego State University), and John Ruiz (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine). 15. Gender--Related Traits and Health: Vicki Helgeson (Carnegie Mellon University). 16. Self--Regulatory Processes and Responses to Health Threats: Effects of Optimism on Well--Being: Michael Scheier (Carnegie Mellon University) and Charles Carver (University of Miami). Part IV: Adaptation to Stress and Chronic Illness:. 17. The Influence of Psychological Factors on Restorative Function in Health and Illness: Ashley W. Smith and Andrew Baum (both University of Pittsburgh). 18. Coping and Adjustment in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Craig A. Smith, Kenneth A. Wallston, and Kathleen A. Dwyer (all Vanderbilt University). 19. Daily Processes in Health and Illness: Howard Tennen (University of Connecticut Health Center), Glenn Affleck (University of Connecticut Health Center), and Stephen Armelli (Pace University). 20. Scenes from a Marriage: The Coupling of Support, Coping and Gender within the Context of Chronic Illness: Tracey A. Revenson (City University of New York Graduate Center). Index.

Nutritional adaptation in man

1985-01-01

K. L. Blaxter , J. C. Waterlow

Encuesta Nacional de Salud

2007-01-01

Carmen Rodríguez Blas

Las encuestas de salud por entrevista son el instrumento de eleccion para obtener informacion de la poblacion sobre los fenomenos subjetivos en relacion con la salud y morbilidad percibida, las … Las encuestas de salud por entrevista son el instrumento de eleccion para obtener informacion de la poblacion sobre los fenomenos subjetivos en relacion con la salud y morbilidad percibida, las conductas relacionadas con la salud (incluyendo las practicas preventivas) y la utilizacion de servicios sanitarios (tanto publicos como privados). Ademas, son utiles para conocer aspectos del entorno ambiental (fisico y social) en el que viven e interactuan las personas. Una de las principales ventajas de las encuestas de salud es que proporcionan informacion del total de la poblacion, utilicen o no los servicios sanitarios. Por tanto, ofrecen una vision complementaria a la obtenida con los sistemas de informacion basados en los datos de utilizacion de servicios sanitarios, que aportan una informacion limitada a los usuarios de dichos servicios y desde la perspectiva de los profesionales sanitarios. Aunque en un principio las encuestas de salud se incluyeron entre las fuentes de datos de morbilidad de base poblacional, en la actualidad se consideran investigaciones polivalentes para la recogida de datos relacionados con la salud. Concretamente, los objetivos de las encuestas de salud de caracter general son estimar en la poblacion las caracteristicas y distribucion de la morbilidad percibida, la utilizacion de los servicios sanitarios y las caracteristicas y distribucion de ciertos comportamientos o habitos de vida. Respecto al estado de salud, estas encuestas ofrecen un enfoque multidimensional del fenomeno salud, ya que, generalmente, recogen informacion sobre la autovaloracion de la salud (indicador global del estado de salud), la incapacidad (indicador del impacto de la enfermedad en la poblacion) y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (indicador de las consecuencias de la enfermedad sobre la movilidad fisica, la funcion social, el bienestar emocional, la salud mental y el bienestar general). En resumen, las encuestas de salud permiten obtener informacion del estado de salud de la poblacion y relacionar morbilidad, utilizacion de servicios sanitarios y habitos de vida entre si y con determinadas caracteristicas sociodemograficas y geograficas, por lo que son utiles para poner en evidencia diferencias y desigualdades en el estado de salud y/o asistencia sanitaria entre grupos sociales. Ademas, la informacion obtenida mediante una encuesta de salud proporciona elementos de apoyo para la toma de decisiones sanitarias, tanto en lo que se refiere a la planificacion sanitaria como a la gestion de servicios sanitarios y al establecimiento de programas de salud.

The Backbone of History

2002-08-26

Richard H. Steckel , Jerome C. Rose

For the same reasons that explorers of the early twentieth century strove to reach the poles, and their modern counterparts journey to outer space, most people want to visualize the … For the same reasons that explorers of the early twentieth century strove to reach the poles, and their modern counterparts journey to outer space, most people want to visualize the contours of the human experience - the peaks of adaptive success that led to the expansion of civilization, and the troughs in which human presence ebbed. The Backbone of History defines the emerging field of macrobioarchaeology by gathering skeletal evidence on seven basic indicators of health to assess chronic conditions that affected individuals who lived in the Western Hemisphere from 5000 BC to the late nineteenth century. Signs of biological stress in childhood and of degeneration in joints and in teeth increased in the several millennia before the arrival of Columbus as populations moved into less healthy ecological environments. Thus, pre-Colombian Native Americans were among the healthiest and the least healthy groups to live in the Western Hemisphere before the twentieth century.

El efecto del programa integral de actividad física escolar (CSPAP) en la alfabetización física de los alumnos

2025-06-25

Diky Hadyansah , Dimyati Dimyati , Hedi Ardiyanto Hermawan | Retos

Introducción: La actividad física de los estudiantes en Indonesia no ha alcanzado los niveles establecidos por la OMS. Esto se debe al bajo nivel de alfabetización física que poseen los … Introducción: La actividad física de los estudiantes en Indonesia no ha alcanzado los niveles establecidos por la OMS. Esto se debe al bajo nivel de alfabetización física que poseen los estudiantes. La utilización del tiempo en la escuela proporcionando actividad física es importante porque los estudiantes pasan más tiempo en la escuela que en casa. Objetivo: Este estudio pretende mejorar la alfabetización física a través del Programa Integral de Actividad Física Escolar (CSPAP). Metodología: El método utilizado en esta investigación es Cuasi Experimento con diseño de tratamiento múltiple y control con pretest-postest. La población de este estudio fueron estudiantes de secundaria de grado VIII en SMP Kartika XIX-1 de la ciudad de Bandung, 90 personas. La técnica de muestreo utilizada fue el muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados. Las técnicas de análisis de datos fueron la prueba de anova unidireccional con tres grupos. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que había una diferencia en el efecto entre el grupo del programa CSPAP del plan de estudios estándar, el programa CSPAP integrado de fitness y el convencional en la alfabetización física de los estudiantes porque el valor de significación mostró 0,015 <0,05. Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra que la provisión del programa CSPAP es capaz de aumentar la puntuación de ganancia del nivel de alfabetización física de los estudiantes desde antes de recibir el programa CSPAP. El programa CSPAP, con las diversas actividades físicas ofrecidas y el sistema de apoyo en su implementación, aumentará la alfabetización física de los estudiantes y estimulará a los estudiantes a ser activos en la práctica de actividades físicas tanto en la escuela como fuera de ella.

Diseño y validación del Cuestionario de Cribado de Estilos de Vida en Adolescentes (CCESVA)

2025-06-25

Sonia Olivera Sánchez , Ana Pablos , Laura Elvira +2 more | Retos

Introducción y objetivo: En la literatura se han desarrollado diversos cuestionarios y encuestas para evaluar los estilos de vida de los adolescentes, pero la gran mayoría requieren un tiempo prolongado … Introducción y objetivo: En la literatura se han desarrollado diversos cuestionarios y encuestas para evaluar los estilos de vida de los adolescentes, pero la gran mayoría requieren un tiempo prolongado de aplicación, [anónimo]lo que su uso en entornos escolares es complicado. Este estudio se centra en el diseño y validación del Cuestionario de Cribado de Estilo de Vida en Adolescentes (CCESVA). Metodología: El CCESVA fue administrado a una muestra de 603 adolescentes españoles y reaplicado a los 15 días. También se utilizó el Global School Health Survey (GSHS). Para evaluar la validez, se emplearon métodos de validez de contenido (Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido, CVC) y de criterio (correlaciones de Spearman). Para medir la fiabilidad, se llevaron a cabo pruebas de test-retest (correlación de Spearman), y la consistencia interna del cuestionario se evaluó mediante el alfa de Cronbach y los coeficientes de correlación intraclase (CCI). Resultados: La validez de contenido fue determinada por un panel de expertos, obteniendo un CVC superior a 0.900 en todos los casos, lo que demuestra una excelente validez y concordancia. La validez de criterio evidenció que el instrumento mide constructos relevantes coherentes con las dimensiones del GSHS. La consistencia interna se consideró satisfactoria (α = 0.540–0.882) con un CCI>0.50. La fiabilidad test-retest mostró buena estabilidad (r > 0.50). El cuestionario final incluyó 7 dimensiones y 56 ítems. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos respaldan el uso del CCESVA como una herramienta válida y fiable para la evaluación de los hábitos y estilos de vida en adolescentes.

Recomendaciones de actividad física en América del Sur: un análisis decolonial

2025-06-24

Priscilla de Cesaro Antunes , Heitor Martins Pasquim , María Rosa Corral-Vázquez +7 more | Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde

Objetivo: Este artículo analizó recomendaciones oficiales de actividad física (AF) en países sudamericanos, especialmente las directrices y conceptos de AF, de salud y población. Métodos: La investigación fue del tipo … Objetivo: Este artículo analizó recomendaciones oficiales de actividad física (AF) en países sudamericanos, especialmente las directrices y conceptos de AF, de salud y población. Métodos: La investigación fue del tipo documental y exploratoria. Las fuentes primarias son 10 documentos de los Ministerios de la Salud de Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela, acerca de las políticas de promoción de la AF y promoción de la salud, de dominio público. El análisis de los datos se ha basado en el enfoque cualitativo dentro de la investigación social, desde una perspectiva teórica decolonial. Resultado: Los resultados evidenciaron que las guías analizadas reproducen el modelo explicativo multicausal de los procesos salud-enfermedad y prevalece el enfoque recomendatorio-prescriptivo para una AF medicalizada, marcas del colonialismo epistemológico- sanitario. Los datos muestran que esos países sudamericanos vienen importando, y traduciendo a su manera, referencias conservadoras del norte global que no necesariamente dialogan con las necesidades sociosanitarias del continente. Conclusión: En ese sentido, una forma de ubicar contrarreferencias alternativas a la lógica hegemónica y basada en las realidades locales, es caminar en la dirección de las premisas del campo latinoamericano de la Salud Colectiva y de la Epidemiología Crítica de las Prácticas Corporales.

Métodos para monitorear la calidad de vida, la actividad física y el comportamiento sedentario en pacientes renales sometidos a hemodiálisis: una revisión sistemática

2025-06-24

César Faúndez-Casanova , Horacio Silva , Víctor Contreras-Mellado +5 more | Retos

Introducción: La calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada en hemodiálisis se ve comprometida. La monitorización adecuada de este resultado es esencial para orientar las intervenciones … Introducción: La calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada en hemodiálisis se ve comprometida. La monitorización adecuada de este resultado es esencial para orientar las intervenciones clínicas y las políticas sanitarias.Objetivo: Recopilar, mediante una revisión sistemática, los métodos más utilizados para monitorizar la calidad de vida, la actividad física y el sedentarismo en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en hemodiálisis.Metodología: Esta es una revisión sistemática registrada en PROSPERO (CRD42024619112), realizada de acuerdo con la declaración PRISMA 2020. Se realizaron búsquedas entre 2013 y 2024 en las bases de datos Scopus, Medline (vía Pub-Med), Web of Science y Dimensions. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales con un enfoque cuantitativo o mixto, en inglés, español o portugués. Resultados: Se identificaron 2710 registros; tras la lectura de los textos completos, se incluyeron 57 estudios. El KDQOL-SF fue el instrumento más utilizado en estudios de calidad de vida (20). El IPAQ estuvo presente en 12 de los estudios sobre actividad física; solo 2 evaluaron el sedentarismo como variable independiente.Discusión: Los resultados de la revisión confirman la necesidad de criterios más estrictos para la selección de un instrumento, considerando principalmente las limitaciones clínicas y funcionales de los pacientes en hemodiálisis. Pocos estudios emplearon medidas objetivas o herramientas desarrolladas o validadas específicamente para esta población.Conclusiones: El KDQOL-SF y el IPAQ fueron los instrumentos más utilizados; sin embargo, su sensibilidad aún es cuestionable. Se recomienda el desarrollo o la adaptación transcultural de instrumentos más sensibles al contexto de la hemodiálisis, especialmente para evaluar el sedentarismo con mayor precisión.

Effects of interventions based on the transtheoretical model for increasing physical activity in elderly: systematic review

2025-06-24

Cristiana Mercê , Mónica Sousa , Sofia Bernardino +3 more | Retos

Abstract: It is essential to introduce measures that encourage physical activity among the elderly population. These measures should be based on theoretical models that motivate individuals to adopt healthy behaviors … Abstract: It is essential to introduce measures that encourage physical activity among the elderly population. These measures should be based on theoretical models that motivate individuals to adopt healthy behaviors to improve their health. This systematic review aimed to determine the impact of exercise interventions based on the transtheoretical model on increasing physical activity levels among elderly. Method: The search was performed on the PubMed database. Ten studies were selected according to the eligibility criteria: adults aged 65 years or older; intervention through programs based on the Transtheoretical Model. The PEDro scale was used to assess the quality of the studies. Results: Seven studies were included, which showed that an intervention based on the transtheoretical model in the elderly has positive effects on increasing physical activity. Conclusions: The results of this review support the use of the transtheoretical model in interventions to promote physical activity habits in the elderly. Exercise professionals should include this approach in their programs to increase adherence to physical activity and stages of change in their elderly participants.

Problemas de la alimentación y factores asociados en pacientes con diabetes tipo 1

2025-06-24

Gilberto Meléndez-Flores , Martha A. Delgadillo-Ruano , Rosa Ortega-Cortés +1 more | Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México

Educación en Salud como Estrategia para la Prevención de la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 en Ecuador

2025-06-24

Medina Armijos Lissette Estefanía , Julio César Loján Alvarado | Revista Veritas de Difusão Cientifica.

La educación en salud es una herramienta fundamental en la prevención de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), una enfermedad en constante aumento en Ecuador debido a factores como la … La educación en salud es una herramienta fundamental en la prevención de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), una enfermedad en constante aumento en Ecuador debido a factores como la obesidad, el sedentarismo y la alimentación inadecuada. Este artículo analiza el impacto de los programas educativos en la reducción de la incidencia de DM2, destacando sus beneficios, desafíos y recomendaciones para su implementación en el contexto ecuatoriano. En Ecuador, la prevalencia de DM2 ha alcanzado el 7,6 % en 2022, con un aumento notable en las últimas décadas. Los programas educativos enfocados en la prevención han demostrado ser efectivos en la promoción de hábitos saludables, como el consumo de alimentos nutritivos, la práctica regular de actividad física y el manejo del estrés. Estas intervenciones han logrado resultados positivos, incluyendo reducciones en el índice de masa corporal, la glucosa en ayunas y la hemoglobina glicosilada, mejorando la calidad de vida de las personas en riesgo. Sin embargo, el alcance de estos programas sigue siendo limitado debido a barreras como la falta de acceso en zonas rurales, el déficit de personal capacitado y las dificultades culturales para adoptar cambios en los estilos de vida. Se recomienda una mayor inversión en políticas públicas que fortalezcan la educación en salud, involucren a promotores comunitarios y utilicen herramientas tecnológicas para ampliar su cobertura. En conclusión, la educación en salud tiene el potencial de transformar el panorama de la DM2 en Ecuador, siempre que se implemente de manera equitativa y culturalmente adaptada, garantizando su sostenibilidad en el tiempo.

Estimation of the Burden of Disease Due to Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in the Population of Tabasco During the Period 2013–2023

2025-06-24

David Ricardo Hernández-Bartolo , Sergio Quiroz-Gómez , Crystell Guadalupe Guzmán‐Priego +7 more | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Background: The burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Tabasco from 2013 to 2023 has led to a significant loss in quality of life and life years. This study … Background: The burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Tabasco from 2013 to 2023 has led to a significant loss in quality of life and life years. This study aims to analyze the impact of T2DM on the population of Tabasco, Mexico, during this period. Methods: A descriptive, observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study was conducted in Tabasco, following Feinstein’s guidelines. The study included 2,402,598 individuals, covering the adult study population of Tabasco (n = 927,047) based on National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) data. Data were gathered from the General Directorate of Health Information and the Ministry of Health and analyzed using Microsoft Excel, applying central tendency and dispersion measures, and calculating Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) with validated formulas. Results: DALYs in Tabasco’s adult population from 2013 to 2023 were 23,049 in 2013, 24,576 in 2014, 25,193 in 2015, 34,361 in 2016, 29,771 in 2017, 29,309 in 2018, 29,959 in 2019, 28,087 in 2020, 26,451 in 2021, 23,502 in 2022, and 30,523 in 2023, totaling 304,781 DALYs for the period. Conclusions: T2DM has shown an increase in incidence and mortality, especially in recent years, leading to a significant rise in DALYs. This reflects a higher disease burden in Tabasco compared to other regions in Mexico and the Americas, resulting in a considerable loss of quality of life and life years.

Physical activity recommendations in South America: a decolonial analysis

2025-06-24

Priscilla de Cesaro Antunes , Heitor Martins Pasquim , María Rosa Corral-Vázquez +7 more | Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde

Objective: This article analyzed official physical activity (PA) recommendations in South American countries, particularly regarding the guidelines and concepts of PA, health, and population. Methods: The research is documentary and … Objective: This article analyzed official physical activity (PA) recommendations in South American countries, particularly regarding the guidelines and concepts of PA, health, and population. Methods: The research is documentary and exploratory. The primary sources are 10 documents from the Ministries of Health of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela concerning public policies on PA promotion and health promotion. The data analysis was based on a qualitative approach within social research, from a decolonial theoretical perspective. Results: The results showed that the analyzed guidelines reproduce the multicausal explanatory model of health-disease processes and that the recommendatory-prescriptive approach for a medicalized PA prevails. These are marks of epistemological-sanitary colonialism. The data indicate that the identified South American countries have been importing and translating, in their own way, conservative references from the global north, that do not necessarily dialogue with the continent’s socio-sanitary needs. Conclusion: In this sense, one way to locate alternative counter-references to the hegemonic logic, based on local realities, is to follow the premises of the Latin American field of Collective Health and the Critical Epidemiology of Bodily Practices.

Health psychological approaches as treatments for depression: steps towards enjoyment in life

2025-06-23

Ulrich Stangier , Elisabeth A. Arens , Michael Kreis | http://isrctn.com/

Baja disponibilidad energética en atletas y su relación con la composición corporal: revisión de alcance

2025-06-23

María Mercedes del Carmen Naranjo Aristizábal , José Armando Vidarte Claros | Retos

Introducción: En el campo del ejercicio, la disponibilidad energética es la energía disponible después de afrontar el ejercicio físico. Una baja disponibilidad energética puede generar grandes complicaciones de salud y … Introducción: En el campo del ejercicio, la disponibilidad energética es la energía disponible después de afrontar el ejercicio físico. Una baja disponibilidad energética puede generar grandes complicaciones de salud y de composición corporal. Objetivo: El estudio consideró (a) explorar valores de composición corporal asociados a estados de disponibilidad energética, (b) identificar fórmulas algebraicas y características sobre el gasto energético del ejercicio y (c) discutir los hallazgos sobre las variables que componen la estimación de la disponibilidad energética. Metodología: Bajo la guía (PRISMA-ScR), se realizó un análisis descriptivo sobre la evidencia encontrada en las bases de datos Scopus, EMBASE, ScienceDirect y PubMed/MEDLINE, en febrero de 2025. Resultados: según los hallazgos 54 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de selección, encontrando 1219 mujeres y 599 hombres de diferentes deportes y edades. En el 53.15% de las mujeres y el 31.21% de los hombres, se halló baja disponibilidad energética clínica con valores de composición corporal en amplios rangos. Discusión: La disponibilidad energética en atletas varía según características del cálculo, métodos de estimación del gasto energético y composición corporal. Diferencias en metodologías, como el uso incorrecto de fórmulas, pueden inducir errores en su medición. Es necesario estandarizar conceptual y procedimentalmente, para mitigar posibles distorsiones. Conclusiones: Distinguir entre las mejores prácticas y métodos para estimar la ingesta y el gasto energéticos del ejercicio supone una solución a la heterogeneidad de los resultados, a su vez, indicadores de composición corporal como el índice de masa libre de grasa podría ofrecer mejores relaciones con la disponibilidad energética.

Sedentarismo y hábitos alimenticios en escolares

2025-06-23

José Miguel Silva-Llaca , Julio César Méndez Ávila , Haziel Martín Botello Araujo +1 more | Transdigital

La obesidad se ha convertido en uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública a nivel global en el siglo XXI; situación que en México ha adquirido una magnitud considerable, … La obesidad se ha convertido en uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública a nivel global en el siglo XXI; situación que en México ha adquirido una magnitud considerable, generando implicaciones económicas, sociales y de salud muy significativas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los factores que se asocian con el sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil de los alumnos de las primarias del Municipio de Corregidora, Querétaro, México. Se realizó un muestreo por conglomerado en 13 escuelas primarias. En total participaron 1,450 estudiantes de tercero, cuarto, quinto y sexto de primaria. Para recolectar los datos se utilizó un cuestionario con 16 ítems ítems y con un coeficiente de fiabilidad de Alpha de Cronbach .712. Por otro lado, se utilizó un análisis factorial para tratar los datos obtenidos. Los resultados señalaron que la obesidad y el sobrepeso se asocian a cuatro factores principales: la comida chatarra y el ocio, el consumo; de alimentos altamente calóricos; el tiempo dedicado a jugar con aparatos electrónicos; por último, los factores sociodemográficos.

Libro de actividades – Mano de la mano por unos alimentos y un futuro mejores

2025-06-23

| FAO eBooks

Air Pollution in Two Districts of the City of Cusco: An Interdisciplinary Study Based on Environmental Monitoring and Social Risk Perception

2025-06-23

Marian Montalvo , Enma T Huaman-Chulluncuy , Eliana Magda Ibarra Cabrera +3 more | Atmosphere

Air pollution is a growing environmental and public health concern, particularly in urban areas where vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and public events contribute to deteriorating air quality. This study examines … Air pollution is a growing environmental and public health concern, particularly in urban areas where vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and public events contribute to deteriorating air quality. This study examines air pollution concentrations in two districts of Cusco, Peru, using an interdisciplinary approach that integrates environmental monitoring and social risk perception analysis. Air quality measurements revealed elevated levels of PM2.5 and NO2, with 40–60% of data falling within “Moderate” or “Unhealthy for sensitive groups” categories according to international standards. Notably, major cultural events such as Inti Raymi were associated with a threefold increase in pollutant concentrations, highlighting their impact on urban air quality. Simultaneously, surveys and interviews assessed public perception, revealing a varied understanding of pollution risks and a general concern for health impacts, especially in more polluted and densely populated areas. However, trust in scientists remains limited, which poses challenges for the implementation of evidence-based environmental strategies. This study highlights significant environmental inequality within the city, with central districts facing greater pollution burdens than peripheral zones. These findings underscore the need for holistic air quality management strategies that combine scientific assessments with community engagement. Strengthening trust between scientists and local populations is essential to develop inclusive and effective interventions that align with both technical and social priorities, particularly in rapidly urbanizing contexts such as Cusco.

Interculturalidad, comportamiento social y práctica deportiva: estudio bibliométrico en contextos educativos y recreativos

2025-06-21

Edgar Fabian Cobo Alvarado , Sheyla Martinez Rivera , Wilson Alexander Zambrano Vélez +2 more | Retos

Introducción: La educación física y la práctica deportiva son reconocidas como medios eficaces para fortalecer la convivencia y el respeto en contextos educativos diversos. Su relación con la interculturalidad y … Introducción: La educación física y la práctica deportiva son reconocidas como medios eficaces para fortalecer la convivencia y el respeto en contextos educativos diversos. Su relación con la interculturalidad y el comportamiento social ha cobrado creciente interés en la literatura científica. Objetivo: Analizar bibliométricamente la intersección entre interculturalidad, comportamiento social y práctica deportiva, con énfasis en los contextos educativos y recreativos. Metodología: Se empleó una metodología cualitativa con enfoque hermenéutico, a partir de una revisión sistemática en bases de datos como Scopus, Dialnet, Redalyc, SciELO y Google Académico. Se consultaron 56 estudios seleccionados bajo criterios de actualidad, pertinencia temática y rigor científico. La información fue organizada en matrices analíticas y categorizada según núcleos temáticos emergentes. Resultados: Los hallazgos revelaron una producción académica en expansión sobre el uso del deporte y el juego como herramientas pedagógicas para el desarrollo de habilidades interculturales, inclusión social y construcción de ciudadanía. La mayoría de los estudios se centraron en experiencias escolares o programas extracurriculares. Se identificaron vacíos en la literatura latinoamericana y escasa evidencia longitudinal. Discusión: Los resultados coincidieron con investigaciones previas que resaltan el potencial integrador de la educación física intercultural. Persisten limitaciones comunes como la falta de sistematización de experiencias y el limitado seguimiento a largo plazo. Conclusiones: Se concluyó que la educación física, desde un enfoque intercultural crítico, constituye un recurso clave para promover la inclusión y el reconocimiento de la diversidad cultural en entornos educativos.

Transformación social desde la edu-comunicación: estrategias para incentivar la práctica deportiva y recreativa en Milagro, Ecuador

2025-06-21

Ana Herrera Flores , Jefferson Estuardo Mendoza Carrera , Juan Andrés Carvajal Romero +1 more | Retos

Introducción: La promoción de estilos de vida saludables en espacios escolares se ha vuelto prioritaria ante el aumento de conductas sedentarias y hábitos poco adecuados en la población joven. En … Introducción: La promoción de estilos de vida saludables en espacios escolares se ha vuelto prioritaria ante el aumento de conductas sedentarias y hábitos poco adecuados en la población joven. En este contexto, la educomunicación surge como una estrategia eficaz para incentivar la participación activa y favorecer la transformación de comportamientos en entornos comunitarios. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue diseñar y aplicar una estrategia educomunicacional dirigida a promover estilos de vida saludables dentro de una comunidad. Metodología: Con un enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño cuasi experimental, se implementaron pretest y postest para medir los cambios, junto con una intervención educomunicativa que involucró la participación activa de los miembros de la comunidad escolar. Se utilizaron encuestas y cuestionarios como instrumentos principales de recolección de datos. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron un incremento significativo en la práctica deportiva, el conocimiento sobre nutrición y las habilidades socioemocionales entre los participantes Discusión: La discusión de los resultados resalta cómo la educomunicación, al integrar aspectos culturales, emocionales y comunitarios, logra transformar no solo conductas individuales sino también fomentar un sentido de pertenencia y responsabilidad colectiva, elementos clave para la sostenibilidad de los cambios. Conclusión: La educomunicación se constituye como una herramienta valiosa para promover cambios sostenibles e inclusivos en el ámbito escolar, contribuyendo al fortalecimiento de una cultura del bienestar integral y la participación comunitaria.

Rendimiento en sprint según el estado madurativo de futbolistas sub- 13 y sub-14 de un club profesional

2025-06-20

Guillermo Cortés Roco , José Miguel Bastías‐Montes , Rodrigo Yáñez Sepúlveda +3 more | Retos

Introducción: En el fútbol juvenil, los cambios relacionados con la madurez en el rendimiento físico varían significativamente entre jugadores. Objetivo: comparar el rendimiento en sprint entre jugadores sub-13 y sub-14 … Introducción: En el fútbol juvenil, los cambios relacionados con la madurez en el rendimiento físico varían significativamente entre jugadores. Objetivo: comparar el rendimiento en sprint entre jugadores sub-13 y sub-14 de un club profesional según el nivel de madurez. Metodología: Estudio no experimental con enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y comparativo. La muestra consistió en 47 jugadores sub-13 y sub-14 de un club profesional. Se estimó la velocidad de altura máxima (VPH): pre-PHV (<-1,0 años, n=21), med-PHV (-0,99 a 0,5 años, n=21) y post-PHV (>0,5 años, n=5). Se realizó una prueba de sprint de 30 metros utilizando un codificador lineal, y se obtuvieron los resultados de los perfiles de fuerza-velocidad, fuerza máxima (F0), velocidad (V0) y potencia (Pmax). Se aplicó una prueba ANOVA para comparar los perfiles en función del PHV. Resultados: La velocidad máxima (7,76± 0,74 vs 7,34± 0,7; Pb = 0,015; TE=0,91), la Pmax (813,84±211,79 vs 619,08± 123,8; Pb = 0,004; TE=1,05) y la Fmax (440,96± 43,14 vs 351,07± 49,16; Pb = < 0,001; TE=1,54) fueron significativamente mayores en med-PHV vs pre-PHV. Mientras que la velocidad en los 5-10 m. (2,19± 0,11 vs 2,08± 0,07; Pb= 0,004; TE=1,28), 10-15 m. (2,95± 0,16 vs 2,79± 0,10; Pb= 0,004; TE=0,75), 20-25 m. (4,40± 0,26 frente a 4,12± 0,16; Pb= 0,012; TE=1,14) y 25-30 m. (5,12± 0,33 frente a 4,78± 0,19; Pb= 0,014; TE=0,95) fueron significativamente inferiores en med-PHV. Discusión: Estos resultados indican que la edad biológica afecta a la velocidad máxima, la potencia máxima, la fuerza máxima y el tiempo de sprint en jugadores sub-13 y sub-14 de un club profesional. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican diferencias en el rendimiento en sprint entre los jóvenes futbolistas, principalmente entre las etapas pre-PHV y mid-PHV.

Adiposidad y adherencia a dieta mediterránea: una comparación entre mujeres mayores con y sin sarcopenia

2025-06-20

Yeny Concha-Cisternas , Javier Lobos , Christofer Retamal +5 more | Retos

Introducción: Las mujeres mayores con sarcopenia pueden tener mayor adiposidad y peores patrones dietéticos que aquellas sin sarcopenia. Objetivo: Analizar diferencias en la adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM) y … Introducción: Las mujeres mayores con sarcopenia pueden tener mayor adiposidad y peores patrones dietéticos que aquellas sin sarcopenia. Objetivo: Analizar diferencias en la adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM) y los niveles de adiposidad entre mujeres mayores con y sin sarcopenia. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo-comparativo, realizado en 180 mujeres (60 a 90 años) de Talca, Chile. Se evaluó la sarcopenia mediante el algoritmo del European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Se midió la adiposidad con absorciometría dual de rayos X, determinando la cantidad y porcentaje de grasa corporal en los segmentos de brazos, piernas y tronco, y se midió el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y perímetro de cintura. La adherencia a la DM se evaluó mediante el cuestionario MEDAS. El análisis estadístico utilizó la prueba t para muestras independientes (p < 0,05). Resultados: La prevalencia de sarcopenia fue 18,8%. Las mujeres con sarcopenia mostraron un mayor porcentaje de grasa en brazos (p=0,0476), un menor IMC (p = 0,0104), y una menor adherencia a la DM (p = 0,0351) que sus pares. No hubo diferencias significativas en PC (p = 0,0671) ni masa grasa total (p = 0,2718). Conclusión: Este estudio confirma que las mujeres mayores con sarcopenia presentan un menor IMC, mayor grasa en brazos y menor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en comparación con aquellas sin sarcopenia. Los hallazgos respaldan la hipótesis de que la sarcopenia se asocia con un perfil menos favorable de composición corporal y alimentación.

Impacto de la actividad física regular en la reducción de niveles de ansiedad en los jóvenes universitarios

2025-06-20

Rafael Romero-Carazas , Enzo Renatto Bazualdo-Fiorini , Edwin Pajares-Huaripata +5 more | Retos

Introducción: las actividades deportivas son una herramienta efectiva para mejorar la salud mental, especialmente en la reducción de los niveles de ansiedad. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la actividad física … Introducción: las actividades deportivas son una herramienta efectiva para mejorar la salud mental, especialmente en la reducción de los niveles de ansiedad. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la actividad física regular en la reducción de niveles de ansiedad en los jóvenes. Metodología: se utilizó modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) para encontrar vínculos causales; fue cuantitativa, transversal y explicativa. Para determinar el grado de correlación, se encuestó a 555 jóvenes mediante un cuestionario tipo Likert. Resultados: se demostró una fuerte asociación causal entre la práctica regular de actividades físicas y la disminución de los niveles de ansiedad en los jóvenes (0.860), así como en los constructos, tipo de actividad (0.818), frecuencia (0.790), duración (0.882) e intensidad (0.847), los resultados demostraron). Discusión: estudios coinciden que la práctica constante de ejercicio no solo mejora la condición física, sino que también tiene un impacto significativo en la salud mental, específicamente en la disminución de los niveles de ansiedad. Conclusiones: la actividad física regular y sus constructos (tipo de actividad, frecuencia, duración e intensidad) se relacionan de manera significativa en la reducción de los niveles de ansiedad en jóvenes.

Análisis de etiquetados en bebidas y alimentos y su aplicación en el mercado de Hermosillo, Sonora

2025-06-20

Jesús Camilo Acuña Serrano , Lizbeth Salgado Beltrán | Estudios Sociales Revista de Alimentación Contemporánea y Desarrollo Regional

Objetivo: analizar la implementación de etiquetados frontales en alimentos y bebidas, tanto a nivel internacional como nacional y su aplicación en el mercado de Hermosillo, Sonora. Metodología: se realizó en … Objetivo: analizar la implementación de etiquetados frontales en alimentos y bebidas, tanto a nivel internacional como nacional y su aplicación en el mercado de Hermosillo, Sonora. Metodología: se realizó en dos fases: 1) análisis narrativo exploratorio basado en una revisión bibliográfica y 2) técnica de observación en el punto de venta. Resultados: se seleccionaron 63 documentos de fuentes digitales y se observó que independientemente del establecimiento, el sello que prevalece más en los productos es el de Exceso de azúcar, superando el 50 % en cada uno de ellos. Valor: se reconoce la importancia del uso de los Etiquetados Frontales como un medio para prevenir las Enfermedades Crónicas No Trasmitibles (EFNT). Limitaciones: la falta de un análisis que mida el factor de influencia en la intención de compra del consumidor. Conclusión: el etiquetado debe ir acompañado de la implementación de estrategias que sirvan como un refuerzo respecto a la percepción positiva del cliente orientado hacia el cambio de hábitos alimenticios.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Students: Associations with Dietary Habits, Physical Activity, and Sociodemographic Factors

2025-06-20

Ema Dejhalla , Tina Zavidić , Branislava Popović +1 more | Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background/Objectives: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among youth is rising, and the increase is closely linked to unhealthy lifestyle patterns. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS … Background/Objectives: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among youth is rising, and the increase is closely linked to unhealthy lifestyle patterns. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS among University of Rijeka students and investigate its associations with dietary habits, physical activity, gender, and faculty type (health and non-health faculties). Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted from September 2024 to March 2025 involved 217 randomly selected students from 16 faculties. The validated questionnaires Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), as well as a general data questionnaire, were used alongside anthropometric (height, weight, waist circumference) and biochemical measurements (fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol). MetS was diagnosed using a combination of International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and Polish Experts Consensus (2022) criteria. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Spearman’s correlation, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: MetS was identified in 5.5% of students. Significant risk factors included obesity (body mass index, BMI, p < 0.05), low physical activity (IPAQ-SF, p < 0.05), elevated blood pressure (p < 0.01), high triglyceride levels (p < 0.05), and increased waist-to-height ratio (WHtR, p < 0.01). Female students reported lower physical activity than males (p < 0.05), while students from non-health faculties had lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MEDAS, p < 0.05) and reduced physical activity (p < 0.05). Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet correlated with lower BMI and triglyceride levels (p < 0.05), whereas lower adherence was associated with reduced physical activity (Spearman’s r = −0.35, p < 0.01). Logistic regression with WHR as the dependent variable showed waist circumference (WC) as the strongest predictor (OR = 45.925, 95% CI: 5.238–402.666, p = 0.001), followed by triglycerides (OR = 3.395, 95% CI: 1.322–8.718, p = 0.011). BMI was inversely associated with WHR (OR = 0.068, 95% CI: 0.006–0.780, p = 0.031). HDL cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose were not significant predictors (p > 0.05), indicating limited predictive power in this model. Conclusions: The 5.5% MetS prevalence underscores the need for targeted interventions promoting Mediterranean diet adherence and physical activity, particularly among non-health faculty students and females. Longitudinal studies are warranted to assess intervention efficacy.

Actividad física y su relación con el sobrepeso y la obesidad en estudiantes de una institución pública de secundaria en República Dominicana

2025-06-20

Janaína Paulino , Rafael Ivan Gómez Paulino | Revista Ciencia y Salud Integrando conocimientos

En el contexto educativo de la República Dominicana, el nivel de actividad física de los estudiantes no es el más recomendable, ya que no alcanzan un nivel óptimo de actividad … En el contexto educativo de la República Dominicana, el nivel de actividad física de los estudiantes no es el más recomendable, ya que no alcanzan un nivel óptimo de actividad física y un grado excepcional de su estado físico. Por tanto, es importante analizar la práctica de actividad física y su relación con el sobrepeso y la obesidad en los estudiantes de una institución pública de secundaria de la República Dominicana. Se utilizó el enfoque cuantitativo; se enmarca en el diseño no experimental. Se incluyeron como participantes a 540 estudiantes de dicha institución, mediante el muestreo probabilístico en el que se eligió una muestra de 225 por medio de la ecuación de Fisher y Navarro. Para recolectar los datos, se usó el cuestionario internacional de actividad física (IPAQ) y una prueba de aptitud física. Los datos no siguen una distribución normal, ya que el p-valor es ˂ a 0.05, por ende, a partir de esto se emplea la prueba no paramétrica del Rho de Spearman. En los datos provenientes de la variable “actividad física”, se obtuvo como resultado un promedio 2.52, una mediana de 2.0, la desviación estándar de 0.79 y el error estándar de la media de 0.05. El 14.23 % tiene un peso inferior al normal; el 56 %, un peso normal; el 18.7 % se encuentra en sobrepeso y el 11.1% padece de obesidad. Se evidencia que más de un 50% de los estudiantes tienen un nivel de actividad física de sedentario a bajo. La correlación entre actividad física y IMC es negativa baja, lo que significa, que a medida que disminuye la actividad física, aumenta la incidencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en la población estudiantil.

Atención a la salud mental en el Sistema Nacional de Salud: una mirada interniveles al Plan de Acción 2025-2027

2025-06-20

Bárbara Marco-Gómez , José Luis de la Fuente Madero , Clara Severo-Sánchez +3 more | Atención Primaria

Autoestima y resiliencia en mujeres víctimas de violencia en un centro de salud mental comunitario

2025-06-19

Guissela Emperatriz Torres Vega , M.A Rivera , Nilda Hina Torrejón Rivera +1 more | Advances in Science and Innovation

La resiliencia ayuda a sobresalir durante distintos problemas emocionales y económicos, para llegar así a cumplir los objetivos trazados, existen diferentes barreras en la sociedad que afectan al ser humano … La resiliencia ayuda a sobresalir durante distintos problemas emocionales y económicos, para llegar así a cumplir los objetivos trazados, existen diferentes barreras en la sociedad que afectan al ser humano tal cual se evidencia en aquellas mujeres víctimas de violencia, donde depende de ella surgir ante las adversidades por medio motivaciones propias para sobresalir ante los problemas, ya que tienen una vida social y familiar donde ellas son muy importantes para una relación positiva y evita prevenir problemas en salud mental. Objetivos: Determinar la relación que existe entre autoestima y resiliencia en mujeres víctimas de violencia. Metodología: el enfoque de la investigación fue cuantitativa, diseño no experimental, la recolección de datos se realizó a través de cuestionarios a 48 usuarias mujeres atendidas en el centro de salud mental comunitario de San Isidro labrador de Juliaca. Resultados: Se observa que le nivel de Autoestima en mujeres víctimas de violencia atendidas en el Centro de Salud Mental comunitario de San Isidro Labrador – Juliaca presentan un autoestima de nivel medio, y una resiliencia media. Se concluye que la variable autoestima está relacionada con la variable resiliencia (p= 0.007), lo que indica que la relación es significativa. Conclusiones: Existe una relación positiva débil baja entre autoestima y resiliencia con un Rho 0.385; así mismo se obtuvo que, el 47,6 % nivel bajo de autoestima; el 45,8% nivel medio de resiliencia.

Metabolic syndrome prevalence and cardiovascular disease risk among school teachers

2025-06-18

Mona Ramadan , Alaa Eldeen , Basma Mourad | International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

Educators face a wide range of recognized biological, physical, and other workplace hazards making them more susceptible to increasing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) … Educators face a wide range of recognized biological, physical, and other workplace hazards making them more susceptible to increasing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risks. The current research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MetS and the likelihood of CVDs among school teachers. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 281 participants chosen from schools in the El-Maadi region of Cairo, Egypt. Socio-demographic, occupational, and medical data were collected. Standard procedures were employed to assess fasting blood glucose (FBG), and lipid profile. Metabolic syndrome was defined using criteria from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). The 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk was estimated using the ASCVD risk score estimator as per the 2019 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guideline. Metabolic syndrome had an overall prevalence rate of 25.8%. Among the instructors evaluated, 73% had a low 10-year risk of getting CVDs, whereas 3.1% had a high risk. The study identified significant correlations between the prevalence of MetS and many characteristics, including age, marital status, length of job, level of education, smoking, prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, central obesity, measured blood pressure, FBG levels, and dyslipidemia among the participants. School teachers exhibit a considerable prevalence of MetS and risk of CVDs. Health promotion activities and stress management interventions should be implemented. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2025;38(3).

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND LUNG FUNCTION IN INDUSTRIAL SECTOR WORKERS

2025-06-18

Giovanna de Oliveira Fernandes , Viviane Soares | CIPEEX

Introduction: Obesity is considered a pandemic disease as it has a high prevalence in both developed and developing countries and is associated with respiratory dysfunctions. The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), in … Introduction: Obesity is considered a pandemic disease as it has a high prevalence in both developed and developing countries and is associated with respiratory dysfunctions. The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), in addition to being an indicator of obesity, is also considered a cardiovascular risk factor. Objective: To relate cardiovascular risk with pulmonary function in industrial sector workers. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study involving workers from a construction materials industry. The sample consisted of 143 workers. The WC was calculated by dividing the waist circumference by the hip circumference, and respiratory function was measured by spirometry. The workers were stratified according to the WC (low and high risk). Results: 41 (28.7%) of the industry workers were at high risk, of which 25 were female. The age was higher in workers with high cardiovascular risk. The peak expiratory flow (PEF) ((∆=0.55 L/s, p<0.001), forced vital capacity (FVC) ((∆=0.65 L, p<0.001), %predicted FVC ((∆=14%, p<0.001), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) ((∆=0.55 L, p<0.001), %predicted FEV1 ((∆=11.18%, p<0.001) were higher in low-risk workers. There was a direct correlation of RCQ with PEF (r=0.26, p<0.001), FVC (r=0.22, p=0.009), and FEV1 (r=-0.19, p=0.021), while it was inverse for %FEV1predicted (r=0.35, p<0.001) and the FEV1/FVC ratio (r=-0.19, p=0.024). Conclusion: The pulmonary function of workers with low cardiovascular risk was better. However, a direct relationship was noted between WC and PEF, FVC, and MEF, and an inverse relationship when it comes to %FEVpredicted and FEV1/FVC ratio. For the prevention and promotion of cardiorespiratory health, it is suggested to encourage weight control, improve dietary quality, and increase the level of physical activity.

Prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors among university students using the newly developed Student Lifestyle and Obesity Risk Questionnaire (SLORQ): a cross-sectional study

2025-06-18

Mohamed K. Seyam | PeerJ

Obesity is a significant global health challenge, with a rising prevalence among young adults. University students are particularly vulnerable to lifestyle transitions and environmental influences. However, current assessment tools lack … Obesity is a significant global health challenge, with a rising prevalence among young adults. University students are particularly vulnerable to lifestyle transitions and environmental influences. However, current assessment tools lack comprehensive multidimensional coverage of obesity risk factors, especially tailored to the cultural context of Saudi University students, representing a significant gap this study aims to address. To determine the prevalence of obesity among university students and identify behavioral, environmental, and demographic risk factors contributing to obesity via the Student Lifestyle and Obesity Risk Questionnaire (SLORQ). This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2024 and involved 907 students across 11 colleges at Majmaah University. Anthropometric data (height and weight) were objectively measured by the primary author, with students barefoot and wearing minimal clothing. The participants completed a self-reported validated, bilingual questionnaire (SLORQ) assessing six domains: physical activity, dietary habits, sleep patterns, weight management, metabolic health, and environmental factors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations), chi-square tests for categorical associations, and multiple linear regression for continuous predictors. Structural validity was assessed via principal component analysis (PCA); reliability included Cronbach's α (≥ 0.70) and intrarater reliability, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Following data collection, statistical analyses revealed that the prevalence of obesity was 15% (n = 136), with 40% classified as overweight. SLORQ scores revealed inverse relationships between body mass index (BMI) and health behaviors, particularly dietary habits (r = - 0.912, p < 0.001) and physical activity (r = - 0.614, p < 0.001). No significant differences in BMI were observed based on gender, age, or region. Regression analysis indicated that diet, sleep, and physical activity accounted for most of the variance in BMI, highlighting their importance in obesity prevention. The questionnaire's internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.915) and intrarater reliability (ICC = 0.999) were assessed to ensure validity. Obesity among university students at Majmaah University is influenced by poor dietary practices, inadequate physical activity, and insufficient sleep. These findings underscore the need for targeted health promotion campaigns and campus-wide interventions to address modifiable risk factors. The SLORQ has proven effective in assessing multidimensional obesity risk factors and can guide future research and policymaking.

Análisis de la incidencia del IMC, VO2max y relación cintura-cadera en los indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular en población universitaria

2025-06-18

J. Barbarroja Escudero , Cristian Camilo Orozco-Sánchez , Laura Victoria Rodríguez Restrepo +3 more | Retos

Introducción: La vida universitaria conlleva cambios en los hábitos de vida, que acarrean errores en la alimentación, insuficiente actividad física y consumo de sustancias nocivas, entre otros, los cuales constituyen … Introducción: La vida universitaria conlleva cambios en los hábitos de vida, que acarrean errores en la alimentación, insuficiente actividad física y consumo de sustancias nocivas, entre otros, los cuales constituyen factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ENT), en particular, enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de ENT en estudiantes de pregrado de cuatro universidades oficiales colombianas. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, prospectivo, observacional, con alcance descriptivo y correlacional, de corte transversal. De una población universo de 31.500 matriculados cuatro instituciones en 2023, fue seleccionada una muestra probabilística y polietápica de 1.922 estudiantes (893 hombres y 1029 mujeres) con edad media (DE) de 22,48 (4,6) años. Fueron medidas talla, masa corporal, circunferencias de cintura y cadera y calculados IMC, relación cintura/cadera (RCC) y consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max). Resultados y discusión: A partir del IMC, se encontró 16,44% de sobrepeso y 5,2% de obesidad. Según la RCC, se encontró en riesgo alto 4%, riesgo medio 8% y riesgo bajo 88%. El VO2max, fue adecuado en un 93,7% y en riesgo el 6,3%. La prevalencia de factores de riesgo fue del 21,64% a partir del IMC, 8,20% por RCC y 12,48% por VO2max. Conclusiones: Fueron identificados 761 estudiantes (39,59%) con algún riesgo de desarrollar ECV, con dos factores 109 estudiantes (5,57%) y con tres factores siete estudiantes (0,36%). Lo cual indica la necesidad de establecer programas de promoción de la salud y prevención de ENT en la población universitaria, para modificar hábitos y fortalecer los factores protectores.

THE IMPACT OF OBESITY ON RESPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGTH IN YOUNG ADULTS

2025-06-18

Yohanna Ribeiro Ferreira , Paula Rocha Granado , Viviane Soares | CIPEEX

Introduction: Obesity, characterized by excess body fat, affects all ages and is now a public health problem. This condition is identified by anthropometric measures such as Body Mass Index (BMI) … Introduction: Obesity, characterized by excess body fat, affects all ages and is now a public health problem. This condition is identified by anthropometric measures such as Body Mass Index (BMI) and the waist-to-hip ratio. In addition to posing risks for chronic diseases, it contributes to changes in the musculoskeletal system. The global increase in obesity among adolescents and young adults suggests possible impairments in the pulmonary function of these individuals. Objectives: To associate the presence of obesity with respiratory muscle strength in young adults. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional observational study. The study population consists of 70 students from the Medicine course at UniEVANGÉLICA, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The following were evaluated: body mass index (BMI) and respiratory muscle strength, through maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP). Results: showed that overweight youth had significantly higher values for Pimáx and predicted %Pimáx compared to eutrophic individuals, indicating that obesity is associated with greater respiratory muscle strength. Conclusion: In the study, overweight youth showed better values for Pimáx, with most within the expected range. Obesity, a global problem, increases the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and the results help develop health strategies to mitigate these risks.

¿Mejoró la salud en las últimas décadas debido a la reducción de los factores de riesgo?: decepción o esperanza

2017-01-12

Hernán C. Doval