Neuroscience › Neurology

Neurological Disorders and Treatments

Works Count: 84244

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This cluster of papers focuses on the investigation of neuroprotective agents such as Citicoline and Cerebrolysin in the context of oxidative stress, ischemic stroke, brain injury, glaucoma, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. The research explores their mechanisms of action, effects on mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroprotection, and potential for promoting neuroregeneration.

Keywords

Citicoline; Cerebrolysin; Oxidative Stress; Ischemic Stroke; Neuroprotection; Mitochondrial Dysfunction; Glaucoma; Alzheimer's Disease; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Neuroregeneration

THE BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE THROMBOPLASTIC PROTEIN OF BLOOD

1946-11-01

Erwin Chargaff , Randolph West

The active synthesis of phosphatidylcholine is required for very low density lipoprotein secretion from rat hepatocytes.

1988-02-01

Zemin Yao , D E Vance

Hepatocytes obtained from rats fed a choline-deficient diet for 3 days were cultured in a medium +/- choline (100 microM) or methionine (200 microM). We investigated how choline deficiency affected … Hepatocytes obtained from rats fed a choline-deficient diet for 3 days were cultured in a medium +/- choline (100 microM) or methionine (200 microM). We investigated how choline deficiency affected hepatic lipogenesis, apolipoprotein synthesis, and lipoprotein secretion. The mass of triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine secreted was increased about 3-fold and 2-fold, respectively, by the addition of either choline or methionine to the cultured cells. Similarly, a 3-fold stimulation in the secretion of [3H]triacylglycerol and [3H]phosphatidylcholine derived from [3H]oleate was observed after the addition of choline or methionine. Fractionation of secreted lipoproteins by ultracentrifugation revealed that the reduced secretion of triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine from choline-deficient cells was mainly due to impaired secretion of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) (but not high density lipoproteins (HDL)). Fluorography of L-[4,5-3H]leucine-labeled lipoproteins showed a remarkable inhibition of VLDL secretion by choline deficiency. The addition of choline or methionine stimulated the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and increased the cellular phosphatidylcholine levels to that in normal cells. While there was little effect of choline on the synthesis and amount of cellular phosphatidylethanolamine, the addition of methionine diminished cellular phosphatidylethanolamine levels. Choline deficiency did not change the rate of incorporation of L-[4,5-3H]leucine into cellular VLDL apolipoproteins, nor the rate of disappearance of radioactivity from L-[4,5-3H]leucine-labeled cellular apoB, apoE, and apoC. These results suggest that hepatic secretion of VLDL, but not HDL, requires active phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. Secondly, the inhibitory effect of choline deficiency on VLDL secretion can be compensated by the methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine.

PLASMA INORGANIC IODIDE AS A HOMEOSTATIC REGULATOR OF THYROID FUNCTION

1948-06-01

J. Wolff , I.L. Chaikoff

The free radical pathology and the microcirculation in the major central nervous system disorders.

1980-01-01

Harry B. Demopoulos , Eugene S. Flamm , Dennis Pietronigro +1 more

Astroglia in CNS injury

1991-01-01

Mary E. Hatten , Ronald K.H. Liem , Michael L. Shelanski +1 more

Abstract The astroglial response to CNS injury is considered in the context of neuron‐glial relationships. Although previous models suggested that astroglial cells present in “scars” impede axon regrowth owing to … Abstract The astroglial response to CNS injury is considered in the context of neuron‐glial relationships. Although previous models suggested that astroglial cells present in “scars” impede axon regrowth owing to irreversible changes in the glial cell following injury, recent in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that astroglial cells exhibit considerable plasticity, elevating expression of the glial filament protein and altering expression of properties which support axons, including extracellular matrix components and cell surface adhesion systems. Both in vivo and in vitro studies on neuron‐glia interactions in different brain regions suggest that glia express region‐specific properties, including ion channels, neurotransmitter uptake and receptor systems, and cell surface adhesion systems. Together these findings suggest that a more detailed analysis of glial response to injury in different brain regions will lead to an appreciation of the diversity of the astroglial response to injury, and its regulation by neuron‐glia relationships.

Memantine in severe dementia: results of the9M-best study (benefit and efficacy in severly demented patients during treatment with memantine)

1999-02-01

Bengt Winblad , N. Poritis

Objectives To assess clinical efficacy and safety of memantine—an uncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist—in moderately severe to severe primary dementia. Materials and methods Dementia was defined by DSM-III-R criteria and severity … Objectives To assess clinical efficacy and safety of memantine—an uncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist—in moderately severe to severe primary dementia. Materials and methods Dementia was defined by DSM-III-R criteria and severity was assessed by the Global Deterioration Scale (stages 5–7) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (<10 points). Primary endpoints were the Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) rated by the physician, and the Behavioural Rating Scale for Geriatric Patients (BGP), subscore 'care dependence', rated by the nursing staff. Secondary endpoints included the modified D-Scale (Arnold/Ferm). Results The ITT sample comprised 166 patients and 151 patients were treated per protocol. At 12-week ITT endpoint analysis, 82 received memantine 10 mg per day, 84 placebo. Dementia was in 49% of the Alzheimer type and in 51% of the vascular type (CT, Hachinski score). A positive response in the CGI-C was seen in 73% versus 45% in favour of memantine (stratified Wilcoxon p<0.001), independent of the etiology of dementia. The results in the BGP subscore 'care dependence' were 3.1 points improvement under memantine and 1.1 points under placebo (p=0.016). A coincident response of the two independent target variables was observed in 61.3% (memantine) versus 31.6% (placebo). Secondary endpoint analysis of the D-Scale assessing basic ADL functions support the primary results. Regarding the safety profile, no significant differences between treatment groups were observed. Conclusions The results of this trial support the hypothesis that memantine treatment leads to functional improvement and reduces care dependence in severely demented patients. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Neuroprotection for ischemic stroke: Past, present and future

2008-03-06

Myron D. Ginsberg

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The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology.

1974-10-01

Jack R. Cooper , Floyd E. Bloom , Robert H. Roth

Over the past 15 years, this volume has become widely recognized as the best on its subject, providing the liveliest and most lucid available account of neurotransmitters and their relation … Over the past 15 years, this volume has become widely recognized as the best on its subject, providing the liveliest and most lucid available account of neurotransmitters and their relation to drug action. The fifth edition features two new chapters on topics of current interest: molecular neurobiology and neuromodulation. In addition, all other chapters have been updated. It is a useful book for a wide variety of students and professionals, including neuroscientists, clinical neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, biochemists and pharmacologists.

Criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers

1992-03-01

Helena C. Chui , J Victoroff , David I. Margolin +3 more

Accurate diagnosis of vascular dementia is important for the recognition of underlying pathophysiology and the institution of appropriate therapy. It is also important for the determination of the incidence and … Accurate diagnosis of vascular dementia is important for the recognition of underlying pathophysiology and the institution of appropriate therapy. It is also important for the determination of the incidence and prevalence of not only vascular dementia but also Alzheimer9s disease (AD), since differentiating between these two entities is often problematic. The State of California Alzheimer9s Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (ADDTC) herein propose criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia (IVD). These criteria broaden the conceptualization of vascular dementia, include the results of neuroimaging studies, emphasize the importance of neuropathologic confirmation, refine nosology, and identify areas that require further research. Parallel use of the proposed definitions of “possible” and “mixed” categories in the diagnosis of both AD and IVD would ensure compatibility between the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS) criteria for AD and the ADDTC criteria for IVD. Uniform classification of subtypes of IVD will improve the generalizability of individual studies and aid in multicenter collaborations.

Chronic intraventricular injections of nerve growth factor elevate hippocampal choline acetyltransferase activity in adult rats with partial septo-hippocampal lesions

1984-02-01

Franz Hefti , A.R. Dravid , Jukka Hartikka

Pavlovian conditioning and its proper control procedures.

1967-01-01

Robert A. Rescorla

Brain Acetylcholine: Control by Dietary Choline

1976-02-13

Edith L. Cohen , Richard J. Wurtman

Acetylcholine concentrations in whole rat brain or in various brain regions and free choline concentrations in blood serum and brain vary with dietary choline consumption. The increases in brain acetylcholine … Acetylcholine concentrations in whole rat brain or in various brain regions and free choline concentrations in blood serum and brain vary with dietary choline consumption. The increases in brain acetylcholine after treatment with physostigmine (an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase) or after consumption of a diet high in choline are additive, suggesting that choline acts by increasing acetylcholine synthesis.

Function of neurotrophic factors in the adult and aging brain and their possible use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

1989-09-01

Franz Hefti , Jukka Hartikka , Beat Knüsel

Choline Acetyltransferase Activity in Striatum of Neonatal Rats Increased by Nerve Growth Factor

1985-07-19

William C. Mobley , J. Lynn Rutkowski , Gihan Tennekoon +2 more

Some neurodegenerative disorders may be caused by abnormal synthesis or utilization of trophic molecules required to support neuronal survival. A test of this hypothesis requires that trophic agents specific for … Some neurodegenerative disorders may be caused by abnormal synthesis or utilization of trophic molecules required to support neuronal survival. A test of this hypothesis requires that trophic agents specific for the affected neurons be identified. Cholinergic neurons in the corpus striatum of neonatal rats were found to respond to intracerebroventricular administration of nerve growth factor with prominent, dose-dependent, selective increases in choline acetyltransferase activity. Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain also respond to nerve growth factor in this way. These actions of nerve growth factor may indicate its involvement in the normal function of forebrain cholinergic neurons as well as in neurodegenerative disorders involving such cells.

Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia

1989-01-01

Josef Krieglstein

Vascular factors and metabolic interactions in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy

2001-11-01

Norman E. Cameron , Simon E.M Eaton , M. A. Cotter +1 more

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Oral Treatment With α-Lipoic Acid Improves Symptomatic Diabetic Polyneuropathy

2006-10-26

Dan Ziegler , Ametov As , А Н Баринов +7 more

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on positive sensory symptoms and neuropathic deficits in diabetic patients with distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP). RESEARCH … OBJECTIVE—The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on positive sensory symptoms and neuropathic deficits in diabetic patients with distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 181 diabetic patients in Russia and Israel received once-daily oral doses of 600 mg (n = 45) (ALA600), 1,200 mg (n = 47) (ALA1200), and 1,800 mg (ALA1800) of ALA (n = 46) or placebo (n = 43) for 5 weeks after a 1-week placebo run-in period. The primary outcome measure was the change from baseline of the Total Symptom Score (TSS), including stabbing pain, burning pain, paresthesia, and asleep numbness of the feet. Secondary end points included individual symptoms of TSS, Neuropathy Symptoms and Change (NSC) score, Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS), and patients’ global assessment of efficacy. RESULTS—Mean TSS did not differ significantly at baseline among the treatment groups and on average decreased by 4.9 points (51%) in ALA600, 4.5 (48%) in ALA1200, and 4.7 (52%) in ALA1800 compared with 2.9 points (32%) in the placebo group (all P &lt; 0.05 vs. placebo). The corresponding response rates (≥50% reduction in TSS) were 62, 50, 56, and 26%, respectively. Significant improvements favoring all three ALA groups were also noted for stabbing and burning pain, the NSC score, and the patients’ global assessment of efficacy. The NIS was numerically reduced. Safety analysis showed a dose-dependent increase in nausea, vomiting, and vertigo. CONCLUSIONS—Oral treatment with ALA for 5 weeks improved neuropathic symptoms and deficits in patients with DSP. An oral dose of 600 mg once daily appears to provide the optimum risk-to-benefit ratio.

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Thematic Review Series: Glycerolipids. Phosphatidylcholine and choline homeostasis

2008-01-20

Zhaoyu Li , Dennis E. Vance

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is made in mammalian cells from choline via the CDP-choline pathway. Animals obtain choline primarily from the diet or from the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to PC followed … Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is made in mammalian cells from choline via the CDP-choline pathway. Animals obtain choline primarily from the diet or from the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to PC followed by catabolism to choline. The main fate of choline is the synthesis of PC. In addition, choline is oxidized to betaine in kidney and liver and converted to acetylcholine in the nervous system. Mice that lack choline kinase (CK) alpha die during embryogenesis, whereas mice that lack CKbeta unexpectedly develop muscular dystrophy. Mice that lack CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT) alpha also die during early embryogenesis, whereas mice that lack CTbeta exhibit gonadal dysfunction. The cytidylyltransferase beta isoform also plays a role in the branching of axons of neurons. An alternative PC biosynthetic pathway in the liver uses phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase to catalyze the formation of PC from PE. Mice that lack the methyltransferase survive but die from steatohepatitis and liver failure when placed on a choline-deficient diet. Hence, choline is an essential nutrient. PC biosynthesis is required for normal very low density lipoprotein secretion from hepatocytes. Recent studies indicate that choline is recycled in the liver and redistributed from kidney, lung, and intestine to liver and brain when choline supply is attenuated.

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Choline and Cholinergic Neurons

1983-08-12

Jan Krzysztof Blusztajn , Richard J. Wurtman

Mammalian neurons can synthesize choline by methylating phosphatidylethanolamine and hydrolyzing the resulting phosphatidylcholine. This process is stimulated by catecholamines. The phosphatidylethanolamine is synthesized in part from phosphatidylserine; hence the amino … Mammalian neurons can synthesize choline by methylating phosphatidylethanolamine and hydrolyzing the resulting phosphatidylcholine. This process is stimulated by catecholamines. The phosphatidylethanolamine is synthesized in part from phosphatidylserine; hence the amino acids methionine (acting after conversion to S -adenosylmethionine) and serine can be the ultimate precursors of choline. Brain choline concentrations are generally higher than plasma concentrations, but depend on plasma concentrations because of the kinetic characteristics of the blood-brain-barrier transport system. When cholinergic neurons are activated, acetylcholine release can be enhanced by treatments that increase plasma choline (for example, consumption of certain foods).

Demonstration of a unique population of neurons with NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry

1983-11-01

U. Scherer-Singler , S.R. Vincent , Hiroshi Kimura +1 more

Acetylcholine released from cerebral cortex in relation to state of activation

1966-11-01

Gastone G. Celesia , Herbert H. Jasper

EFFECT OF HÆMATOCRIT ON CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW IN MAN

1977-11-01

D. J. Thomas , N. Justin Marshall , R W Russell +5 more

Functional assessments in the rodent stroke model

2010-07-19

Krystal Schaar , Miranda M. Brenneman , Sean I. Savitz

Abstract Stroke is a common cause of permanent disability accompanied by devastating impairments for which there is a pressing need for effective treatment. Motor, sensory and cognitive deficits are common … Abstract Stroke is a common cause of permanent disability accompanied by devastating impairments for which there is a pressing need for effective treatment. Motor, sensory and cognitive deficits are common following stroke, yet treatment is limited. Along with histological measures, functional outcome in animal models has provided valuable insight to the biological basis and potential rehabilitation efforts of experimental stroke. Developing and using tests that have the ability to identify behavioral deficits is essential to expanding the development of translational therapies. The present aim of this paper is to review many of the current behavioral tests that assess functional outcome after stoke in rodent models. While there is no perfect test, there are many assessments that are sensitive to detecting the array of impairments, from global to modality specific, after stroke.

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Oxidative Stress and Pathophysiology of Ischemic Stroke: Novel Therapeutic Opportunities

2013-07-01

Ramón Rodrigo , Rodrigo Fernández-Gajardo , Rodrigo Gutiérrez +4 more

Stroke is the second leading cause of death, after ischemic heart disease, and accounts for 9% of deaths worldwide. According to the World Health Organization [WHO], 15 million people suffer … Stroke is the second leading cause of death, after ischemic heart disease, and accounts for 9% of deaths worldwide. According to the World Health Organization [WHO], 15 million people suffer stroke worldwide each year. Of these, more than 6 million die and another 5 million are permanently disabled. Reactive oxygen species [ROS] have been implicated in brain injury after ischemic stroke. There is evidence that a rapid increase in the production of ROS immediately after acute ischemic stroke rapidly overwhelm antioxidant defences, causing further tissue damage. These ROS can damage cellular macromolecules leading to autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis. Moreover, the rapid restoration of blood flow increases the level of tissue oxygenation and accountsfor a second burst of ROS generation, which leads to reperfusion injury. Current measures to protect the brain against severe stroke damage are insufficient. Thus, it is critical to investigate antioxidant strategies that lead to the diminution of oxidative injury. The antioxidant vitamins C and E, the polyphenol resveratrol, the xanthine oxidase [XO] inhibitor allopurinol, and other antioxidant strategies have been reviewed in the setting of strokes. This review focuses on the mechanisms involved in ROS generation, the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, and the novel therapeutic strategies to be tested to reduce the cerebral damage related to both ischemia and reperfusion. Keywords: Antioxidants, reactive oxygen species, ischemic stroke, oxidative stress.

Antioxidants and Free Radical Scavengers for the Treatment Of Stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury and Aging

2008-01-30

John T. Weber , Jennifer E. Slemmer , John J. Shacka +1 more

The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is a common underlying mechanism of many neuropathologies, as they have been shown to damage various cellular components, … The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is a common underlying mechanism of many neuropathologies, as they have been shown to damage various cellular components, including proteins, lipids and DNA. Free radicals, especially superoxide (O(2)*-), and non-radicals, such as hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), can be generated in quantities large enough to overwhelm endogenous protective enzyme systems, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Here we review the mechanisms of ROS and RNS production, and their roles in ischemia, traumatic brain injury and aging. In particular, we discuss several acute and chronic pharmacological therapies that have been extensively studied in order to reduce ROS/RNS loads in cells and the subsequent oxidative stress, so-called "free-radical scavengers." Although the overall aim has been to counteract the detrimental effects of ROS/RNS in these pathologies, success has been limited, especially in human clinical studies. This review highlights some of the recent successes and failures in animal and human studies by attempting to link a compound's chemical structure with its efficacy as a free radical scavenger. In particular, we demonstrate how antioxidants derived from natural products, as well as long-term dietary alterations, may prove to be effective scavengers of ROS and RNS.

Diabetic Vascular Complications: Pathophysiology, Biochemical Basis and Potential Therapeutic Strategy

2005-07-01

Sho‐ichi Yamagishi , Takahiro Imaizumi

Diabetic vascular complication is a leading cause of end-stage renal failure, acquired blindness, a variety of neuropathies and accelerated atherosclerosis, which could account for disabilities and high mortality rates in … Diabetic vascular complication is a leading cause of end-stage renal failure, acquired blindness, a variety of neuropathies and accelerated atherosclerosis, which could account for disabilities and high mortality rates in patients with diabetes. Recent large prospective clinical studies have shown that intensive glucose control reduces effectively microvascular complications among patients with diabetes, and insulin resistance and postprandial hyperglycemia seem to be involved in diabetic macrovascular complications. Chronic hyperglycemia is a major initiator of diabetic vascular complications. Indeed, high glucose, via various mechanisms such as increased production of advanced glycation end products, activation of protein kinase C, stimulation of the polyol pathway and enhanced reactive oxygen species generation, regulates vascular inflammation, altered gene expression of growth factors and cytokines, and platelet and macrophage activation, thus playing a central role in the development and progression of diabetic vascular complications. This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms of diabetic vascular complications and the potential therapeutic interventions that may prevent these disorders even in the presence of hyperglycemia, control of which is often difficult with current therapeutic options. Keywords: diabetic vascular complications, atherosclerosis, ages, oxidative stress, pkc, polyol pathway, renin-angiotensin system, insulin resistance

Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Nephropathy

2010-11-13

Naoki Kashihara , Yoshisuke Haruna , Vinay Kondeti +1 more

Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal failure worldwide. Its morphologic characteristics include glomerular hypertrophy, basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and arteriolar thickening. All … Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal failure worldwide. Its morphologic characteristics include glomerular hypertrophy, basement membrane thickening, mesangial expansion, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and arteriolar thickening. All of these are part and parcel of microvascular complications of diabetes. A large body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress is the common denominator link for the major pathways involved in the development and progression of diabetic micro- as well as macro-vascular complications of diabetes. There are a number of macromolecules that have been implicated for increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as, NAD(P)H oxidase, advanced glycation end products (AGE), defects in polyol pathway, uncoupled nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and mitochondrial respiratory chain via oxidative phosphorylation. Excess amounts of ROS modulate activation of protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and various cytokines and transcription factors which eventually cause increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes with progression to fibrosis and end stage renal disease. Activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) further worsens the renal injury induced by ROS in diabetic nephropathy. Buffering the generation of ROS may sound a promising therapeutic to ameliorate renal damage from diabetic nephropathy, however, various studies have demonstrated minimal reno-protection by these agents. Interruption in the RAS has yielded much better results in terms of reno-protection and progression of diabetic nephropathy. In this review various aspects of oxidative stress coupled with the damage induced by RAS are discussed with the anticipation to yield an impetus for designing new generation of specific antioxidants that are potentially more effective to reduce reno-vascular complications of diabetes. Keywords: Hyperglycemia, reactive oxygen species, renin-angiotensin system, diabetic nephropathy, Oxidative Stress, microvascular, Complications Trial (DCCT), peroxynitrite, xanthine oxidase, MITOCHONDRIAL ORIGIN, glycerol phosphate, translocatio, PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY, 3-deoxyglucosone, cytosolic subunit, plasmalemma, proximal tubular epithelia, NAD(P)H oxidase, diphenylene iodinium, unequivocal statement, microalbuminuria, bioavailability, nevertheless, TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN, endothelial-targeted, Angiotensin, XANTHINE OXIDOREDUCTASE, tubulointerstitial, oligosaccharyl, REDOX REGULATION, gluthathione peroxide, proliferation, Glomerular hyperfiltration, systemic RAS, juxtaglomerular apparatus, catachysmically, NFκB, normoglycemic

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Intranasal Insulin Therapy for Alzheimer Disease and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2011-09-13

Suzanne Craft

Objective: To examine the effects of intranasal insulin administration on cognition, function, cerebral glucose metabolism, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer disease (AD).Design: … Objective: To examine the effects of intranasal insulin administration on cognition, function, cerebral glucose metabolism, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer disease (AD).Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Setting: Clinical research unit of a Veterans Affairs medi-

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Efficacy and adverse effects of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine in vascular dementia: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

2007-08-04

Harish Kavirajan , Lon S. Schneider

Clinically defined vascular depression

1997-04-01

George S. Alexopoulos , Barnett S. Meyers , Robert C. Young +3 more

The authors' goal was to examine the clinical presentation of a group of depressed elderly patients with clinically defined risk factors for vascular depression compared with a group of elderly … The authors' goal was to examine the clinical presentation of a group of depressed elderly patients with clinically defined risk factors for vascular depression compared with a group of elderly depressed patients without such risk factors.Cognitive deficits, disability, and depressive symptoms were examined in 33 consecutively recruited elderly patients defined as having vascular depression and 32 patients defined as having nonvascular depression according to their scores on the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatrics.The patients with vascular depression had greater overall cognitive impairment and disability than those with nonvascular depression. Fluency and naming were more impaired in patients with vascular depression, and they had more retardation and less agitation as well as less guilt feelings and greater lack of insight.The symptoms of vascular depression are consistent with lesions that may damage striato-pallido-thalamo-cortical pathways and other areas. The concept of vascular depression can provide the impetus for investigations of prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular disease and for studies of the course of vascular depression and selection of antidepressants.

Evidence for a Central Mechanism in Angiotensin Induced Hypertension.

1961-04-01

Robert K. Bickerton , Joseph P. Buckley

SummaryAngiotensin II appears to produce an increase in blood pressure by 2 mechanisms: 1. A direct peripheral action on the vascular smooth musculature producing a marked increase in peripheral resistance, … SummaryAngiotensin II appears to produce an increase in blood pressure by 2 mechanisms: 1. A direct peripheral action on the vascular smooth musculature producing a marked increase in peripheral resistance, which is not blocked by piperoxan. 2. A central hypertensive effect, probably due to stimulation of central sympathetic structures and evoking peripheral sympathetic discharges, which are blocked by administration of a sympatholytic agent into the peripheral circulation.

Cerebral Mechanisms in Behavior

1953-01-01

C. T. Morgan , Lloyd A. Jeffress

ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health)

2011-02-01

Thomas Kuhlmann

Der Konsum psychotroper Substanzen ist mit der menschlichen Kulturgeschichte seit Jahrtausenden untrennbar verbunden. Wenn sich daraus süchtiges Verhalten entwickelt, liegen dem vielfältige Ursachen zugrunde, die gemeinsam berücksichtigt werden müssen, um … Der Konsum psychotroper Substanzen ist mit der menschlichen Kulturgeschichte seit Jahrtausenden untrennbar verbunden. Wenn sich daraus süchtiges Verhalten entwickelt, liegen dem vielfältige Ursachen zugrunde, die gemeinsam berücksichtigt werden müssen, um eine – falls erforderlich – angemessene Behandlung zu entwickeln, umzusetzen und die Betroffenen vor Ausgrenzung zu bewahren. Diese Erkenntnis ist im bio-psycho-sozialen Modell zusammengefasst und gilt in der Sucht- (und Drogen-) hilfe als Binsenwahrheit.

Left prefrontal glucose hypometabolism in the depressed state: a confirmation

1990-10-01

Jean‐Luc Martinot , P. Hardy , A Féline +5 more

The resting-state cerebral metabolic rates for glucose of 10 severely depressed patients (seven bipolar and three unipolar) were compared, before and after treatment with tricyclic antidepressants, to those of 10 … The resting-state cerebral metabolic rates for glucose of 10 severely depressed patients (seven bipolar and three unipolar) were compared, before and after treatment with tricyclic antidepressants, to those of 10 control subjects of similar age by means of positron emission tomography and the fluorodeoxyglucose method. Significant left-right prefrontal asymmetry was present in the patients before but not after successful treatment, suggesting that medication can reduce this asymmetry. Also, significant hypofrontality and whole-cortex hypometabolism were found in the patients in the depressed state and persisted in the treated state, despite clinical improvement, suggesting that these abnormalities are not state dependent.

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE SPREADING DEPRESSION OF ACTIVITY IN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX

1947-11-01

Aristides A. P. Leo

Handbook of Psychopharmacology

1988-01-01

Leslie L. Iversen , Susan D. Iversen , Solomon H. Snyder

COLLABORATIVE OVERVIEW OF RANDOMIZED TRIALS OF ANTIPLATELET THERAPY .1. PREVENTION OF DEATH, MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, AND STROKE BY PROLONGED ANTIPLATELET THERAPY IN VARIOUS CATEGORIES OF PATIENTS

1994-01-08

Robert Altman , L Carreras , Rubén Sierra Díaz +7 more

Ischemic stroke: experimental models and reality

2017-01-07

Clemens Sommer

The vast majority of cerebral stroke cases are caused by transient or permanent occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel ("ischemic stroke") eventually leading to brain infarction. The final infarct size … The vast majority of cerebral stroke cases are caused by transient or permanent occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel ("ischemic stroke") eventually leading to brain infarction. The final infarct size and the neurological outcome depend on a multitude of factors such as the duration and severity of ischemia, the existence of collateral systems and an adequate systemic blood pressure, etiology and localization of the infarct, but also on age, sex, comorbidities with the respective multimedication and genetic background. Thus, ischemic stroke is a highly complex and heterogeneous disorder. It is immediately obvious that experimental models of stroke can cover only individual specific aspects of this multifaceted disease. A basic understanding of the principal molecular pathways induced by ischemia-like conditions comes already from in vitro studies. One of the most frequently used in vivo models in stroke research is the endovascular suture or filament model in rodents with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), which causes reproducible infarcts in the MCA territory. It does not require craniectomy and allows reperfusion by withdrawal of the occluding filament. Although promptly restored blood flow is far from the pathophysiology of spontaneous human stroke, it more closely mimics the therapeutic situation of mechanical thrombectomy which is expected to be increasingly applied to stroke patients. Direct transient or permanent occlusion of cerebral arteries represents an alternative approach but requires craniectomy. Application of endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor, allows induction of transient focal ischemia in nearly any brain region and is frequently used to model lacunar stroke. Circumscribed and highly reproducible cortical lesions are characteristic of photothrombotic stroke where infarcts are induced by photoactivation of a systemically given dye through the intact skull. The major shortcoming of this model is near complete lack of a penumbra. The two models mimicking human stroke most closely are various embolic stroke models and spontaneous stroke models. Closeness to reality has its price and goes along with higher variability of infarct size and location as well as unpredictable stroke onset in spontaneous models versus unpredictable reperfusion in embolic clot models.

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Cerebral microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes: stroke, cognitive dysfunction, and depression

2020-03-02

Thomas T. van Sloten , Sanaz Sedaghat , Mercedes R. Carnethon +2 more

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Principles of albumin and IgG analyses in neurological disorders. I. Establishment of reference values

1977-09-01

G. Tibbling , H. Link , S Ohman

Retardation by aminoguanidine of development of albuminuria, mesangial expansion, and tissue fluorescence in streptozocin-induced diabetic rat

1991-10-01

T. Soulis-Liparota , M. E. Cooper , D. Papazoglou +2 more

Cigarette Smoking as a Risk Factor for Stroke

1988-02-19

Philip A. Wolf

Post-stroke cognitive impairment: epidemiology, mechanisms and management.

2014-08-01

Jia-Hao Sun , Lan Tan , Jin‐Tai Yu

Post-stroke cognitive impairment occurs frequently in the patients with stroke. The prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment ranges from 20% to 80%, which varies for the difference between the countries, the … Post-stroke cognitive impairment occurs frequently in the patients with stroke. The prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment ranges from 20% to 80%, which varies for the difference between the countries, the races, and the diagnostic criteria. The risk of post-stroke cognitive impairment is related to both the demographic factors like age, education and occupation and vascular factors. The underlying mechanisms of post-stroke cognitive impairment are not known in detail. However, the neuroanatomical lesions caused by the stroke on strategic areas such as the hippocampus and the white matter lesions (WMLs), the cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) due to the small cerebrovascular diseases and the mixed AD with stroke, alone or in combination, contribute to the pathogenesis of post-stroke cognitive impairment. The treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment may benefit not only from the anti-dementia drugs, but also the manage measures on cerebrovascular diseases. In this review, we will describe the epidemiological features and the mechanisms of post-stroke cognitive impairment, and discuss the promising management strategies for these patients.

Long-term results of the Kumamoto Study on optimal diabetes control in type 2 diabetic patients.

2000-04-01

Masayoshi Shichiri , Hiroki Kishikawa , Y Ohkubo +1 more

To examine whether intensive glycemic control could decrease the frequency or severity of diabetic microvascular complications, an 8-year prospective study of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes was performed.A total … To examine whether intensive glycemic control could decrease the frequency or severity of diabetic microvascular complications, an 8-year prospective study of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes was performed.A total of 110 patients with type 2 diabetes (55 with no retinopathy [the primary prevention cohort] and 55 with simple retinopathy [the secondary intervention cohort]) were randomly assigned to multiple insulin injection therapy (MIT) groups and administered three or more daily insulin injections or assigned to conventional insulin injection therapy (CIT) groups and administered one or two daily intermediate-acting insulin injections. Worsening of microvascular complications was regularly assessed during 8 years. Two or more steps up in the 19 stages of the modified Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study classification in retinopathy and one or more stages up among three stages in nephropathy (normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and albuminuria) were defined as worsening of complications.In both primary prevention and secondary intervention cohorts, the cumulative percentages of worsening in retinopathy and nephropathy were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the MIT group than in the CIT group. In neurological tests after 8 years, the MIT group showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) in the median nerve conduction velocities (motor and sensory nerves), whereas the CIT group showed significant deterioration (P < 0.05) in the nerve conduction velocities and vibration threshold. From this study, the glycemic threshold to prevent the onset and progression of diabetic microvascular complications was as follows: HbA1c < 6.5%, fasting blood glucose concentration < 110 mg/dl, and 2-h postprandial blood glucose concentration < 180 mg/dl.Intensive glycemic control can delay the onset and progression of the early stages of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

A study of the effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. II. Mortality results.

1970-01-01

Curtis L. Meinert , Genell L Knatterud , Thaddeus E. Prout +1 more

[Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and cognitive impairment in patients on maintenance hemodialysis].

2025-06-24

Shih‐Han S. Huang , Wan Shu , Yi-Liang Wu +3 more | PubMed

Objective: To explore the association between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and cognitive impairment (CI) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted between … Objective: To explore the association between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and cognitive impairment (CI) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2022, involving adult MHD patients from 18 hemodialysis centers in Guizhou Province. Cognitive function was assessed by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale. General data and laboratory parameters of patients were collected, and the AIP was calculated. Participants were divided into four groups (Q1-Q4) based on the quartiles of the AIP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between AIP and CI, and subgroup analysis was performed. Results: A total of 1 031 MHD patients aged (56.0±15.0) years were enrolled in the study, with 621 males (60.2%) and 410 females (39.8%), of whom 491 patients (47.6%) had CI. After adjusting for confounders, the risk of CI in Q4 group (AIP≥0.30) was 2.17 times that of the Q1 group (AIP<-0.13) (OR=2.17, 95%CI: 1.47-3.22, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that elevated AIP levels (Q4) correlated with a higher risk of CI in males, younger and middle-aged populations, as well as in subgroups with diabetes or hypertension (all P<0.05). Notably, in patients aged 18 to <45 years, the risk of CI in Q4 group was 3.73 times that of the Q1 group (OR=3.73, 95%CI: 1.18-11.80, P=0.025). Among patients with diabetes, the risk of CI was 2.30 times that of the Q1 group (OR=2.30, 95%CI: 1.29-4.09, P=0.004). Conclusion: Increased AIP is associated with an increased risk of CI in MHD patients, particularly in younger patients and those with diabetes.

Development of a Bioactive Injectable Hydrogel for Delivering Flavonoids and Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

2025-06-24

Premjit Arpornmaeklong | International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Opportunities for differential diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease at the predementia stage

2025-06-24

Д. А. Гришина , А. Б. Локшина , Elizaveta A. Metelkina | Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics

The steadily increasing aging of the population is accompanied by a growing prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) of varying severity. The main causes of CI are Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular … The steadily increasing aging of the population is accompanied by a growing prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) of varying severity. The main causes of CI are Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular impairment, and their combination. It has been shown that establishing the exact etiology of CI is crucial for appropriate patient management and disease prognosis. The paper outlines current principles for the diagnosis and treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) syndrome. It is demonstrated that the nosological structure of MCI generally corresponds to the etiology of dementia in the elderly. Early detection of CI at the MCI stage is important because timely diagnosis broadens the potential for secondary prevention and therapeutic intervention, which can delay or even prevent the onset of dementia. A clinical observation is presented of a female patient with a polyfunctional amnestic type of MCI syndrome, with both vascular and neurodegenerative mechanisms considered as potential etiological factors. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed biomarkers of AD, which enabled a diagnosis of late-onset AD at the predementia stage. The paper also analyzes the capabilities of modern neuroprotective and symptomatic therapies for CI, and the role of choline alfoscerate and citicoline in CI treatment. he discussion includes ways to improve patient adherence to CI treatment using newly available dosage forms such as Noocil (240 ml bottle, oral liquid form of citicoline) and Cerpehol (240 ml bottle, oral liquid form of choline alfoscerate), which can also be used in patients with swallowing difficulties.

Cognitive impairment in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (discirculatory encephalopathy)

2025-06-24

В. А. Парфенов , Ekaterina Silina | Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics

Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI), also known as discirculatory encephalopathy (DE), is one of the most common diagnoses in Russian neurological practice. In patients diagnosed with CCI or DE, assessing cognitive … Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI), also known as discirculatory encephalopathy (DE), is one of the most common diagnoses in Russian neurological practice. In patients diagnosed with CCI or DE, assessing cognitive function (CF) is essential for distinguishing between individuals with and without cognitive impairment (CI). If CI is present in a patient with CCI or DE, comorbid Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other neurodegenerative disorders affecting CF should be considered. Neuropsychological assessment (identifying amnestic syndrome) and MRI of the brain (evidence of hippocampal atrophy) can raise suspicion for AD, with definitive diagnosis relying on detection of biological markers of the disease. Unfortunately, many patients with AD are long misdiagnosed with CCI or DE and thus do not receive appropriate treatment. Patients with a diagnosis of CCI or DE and preserved CF often suffer from other neurological or psychiatric disorders, most frequently anxiety-depressive disorders, primary headaches (tension-type headache, migraine, medication-overuse headache), peripheral vestibulopathy, or persistent postural-perceptual dizziness. Managing patients with CI requires controlling vascular risk factors, preventing stroke, applying psychosocial interventions, and encouraging household, social, physical, and intellectual activity. In the dementia stage, cognitive function may be improved by central acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) and the glutamate receptor antagonist memantine. The efficacy and safety of choline alfoscerate in patients with AD and cerebrovascular disease are also discussed.

The Impact of Cocoa Flavanols in Modulating Resting Cerebral Blood Flow During Prolonged Sitting in Healthy Young and Older Adults

2025-06-24

Alessio Daniele , Samuel J. E. Lucas , Catarina Rendeiro | Nutrients

Background: Sitting is highly prevalent among young and older adults and can transiently reduce cerebral blood flow. Dietary flavanols confer benefits to the peripheral vasculature and may be effective at … Background: Sitting is highly prevalent among young and older adults and can transiently reduce cerebral blood flow. Dietary flavanols confer benefits to the peripheral vasculature and may be effective at counteracting the impact of sitting in the cerebrovasculature. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the acute ingestion of flavanols prior to sitting improves common carotid artery (CCA) blood flow/shear rate (BF/SR) in young and older individuals. Methods: Two acute randomized, double-blinded, cross-over, placebo-controlled studies were conducted in 40 healthy young males (high-fit: 22.2 ± 2.9 yr., low-fit: 23.2 ± 4.1 yr., N = 20 per group) and 20 healthy older adults (72.4 ± 5.0 yr.). Participants consumed either a high- (695 mg) or low-flavanol (5.6 mg) cocoa beverage just before a 2 h sitting bout. Resting CCA retrograde/anterograde BF and SR, as well as arterial diameter, were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: Sitting reduced anterograde BF and/or SR in young and older individuals (p < 0.001) but only resulted in increases in retrograde BF (p = 0.021) and SR (p = 0.022) in the older group. Flavanols did not affect anterograde BF/SR in either group (p > 0.05) but mitigated (non-significant interaction: p = 0.053) sitting-induced increases in retrograde BF/SR in older individuals, with retrograde BF (p = 0.028) and SR (p = 0.033) increasing significantly only after intake of the low-flavanol beverage. No changes in arterial diameter were detected. Conclusions: This suggests that flavanols may have the potential to attenuate the detrimental sitting-induced increases in retrograde BF and SR in older adults, although larger well-powered studies are required to confirm this.

Investigations of the Antioxidants, Antidiabetics and Antiviral Potential Against SARS-CoV-2 of Gold Functionalized Carboxymethyl Cellulose

2025-06-24

Timothy O. Ajiboye , Nanabi Manamela , Matsabisa Gilbert Motlalepula +7 more | Materials Research Express

Abstract A composite of gold and carboxymethyl cellulose (Au-CMC) was prepared from gold(III) chloride and the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose. The prepared composite was characterized by using X-ray diffraction … Abstract A composite of gold and carboxymethyl cellulose (Au-CMC) was prepared from gold(III) chloride and the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose. The prepared composite was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Then, ferric reducing, nitric oxide scavenging and free radical scavenging activities of the synthesized Au-CMC were carried out. In addition, inhibitory activities of the material against α-amylase, α-glucosidase enzymes and SARS-CoV-2 were studied. It was found that the material displayed good antioxidant activities. Especially, its NO scavenging activities was higher than that of vanillin, gold nanoparticles and carboxymethyl cellulose alone. The α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory effect of the material was better than that of acarbose. Findings also revealed that both CMC and Au-CMC are highly potent against B1.351 and BQ.1.1 variants of SARS-CoV-2. Finally, cytotoxicity studies showed that the two compounds can be used safely in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, or as stabilizers in formulations, without concerns.&#xD;

Signal Pathways of Bioactive Compounds in the Neurodegenerative Diseases

2025-06-24

Irma Esther Dávila-Rangel , Ángel Rodríguez-Lafuente , Susana González-Morales +2 more | CRC Press eBooks

Research on the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists in treating cognitive dysfunction and gait disorders in elderly patients with diabetes

2025-06-24

Yang Yang , Lifeng Chen , Yanjun Zhang +3 more | Frontiers in Pharmacology

Elderly patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) often experience cognitive dysfunction and gait disorders, which significantly affect their quality of life and daily function. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), … Elderly patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) often experience cognitive dysfunction and gait disorders, which significantly affect their quality of life and daily function. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), known as “wonder drugs for weight loss,” have shown potential not only for glycemic control but also for improving cognitive function and gait disturbances. GLP-1RAs may exert their effects through various mechanisms, including promoting neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the brain, as well as reducing neuroinflammation, thereby improving cognitive and gait impairments either directly or indirectly. This review aims to explore the role of GLP-1RAs in the treatment of diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction and gait disturbances, as well as their potential mechanisms, providing a theoretical basis for clinical treatment.

Antibacterial Activity of Fusidic Acid-Loaded Electrospun Polylactide Fiber Fleeces Against Periodontopathogenic Species

2025-06-24

Bernd W. Sigusch , Markus Reise , Stefan Kranz +4 more | Pharmaceutics

Background/Objectives: The effect of fusidic acid on oral bacteria, especially on Gram- negative periodontopathogenic species, has not yet been investigated. This in vitro study aimed to analyze the antibacterial effect … Background/Objectives: The effect of fusidic acid on oral bacteria, especially on Gram- negative periodontopathogenic species, has not yet been investigated. This in vitro study aimed to analyze the antibacterial effect of fusidic acid alone and as an active component in electrospun poly(L-lactide-co-D/L-lactide) fiber fleeces. Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of fusidic acid and metronidazole (control) were determined for various oral bacteria. Eluates were collected from electrospun poly(L-lactide-co-D/L-lactide) fiber fleeces loaded with 10 and 20 wt% fusidic acid over a period of 28 d. Antibacterial activity was analyzed by means of a microdilution assay. Cytotoxicity was observed toward human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Results: All tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative oral bacteria were susceptible to fusidic acid. The lowest MIC was observed for Porphyromonas gingivalis (MIC < 0.062 µg/mL). Compared to the antibacterial activity of metronidazole, that of Porphyromonas gingivalis was suppressed by significant lower fusidic acid concentrations (p < 0.01). The eluates obtained from electrospun poly(L-lactide-co-D/L-lactide) fiber fleeces inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis, S. aureus, A. viscosus, and A. neslundii over a course of 28 days. The largest inhibition zones were detected for Porphyromonas gingivalis in case of the 20 wt% concentrations. The eluates were not cytotoxic toward HGFs. Conclusions: It was shown that fusidic acid has significant antibacterial potential. The results of the present investigation suggest that fusidic acid alone or delivered by electrospun fiber fleeces might be attractive for controlling oral pathogenic bacteria.

La dysfonction érectile (DE) chez le diabétique : aspects épidémiologiques et analyse des facteurs associés

2025-06-23

M Kanté , L. Coulibaly , Cheickna Badiaga +4 more | Journal of African clinical cases and reviews.

Objectifs : -Déterminer la fréquence de la D E chez les patients diabétiques. -Analyser les facteurs associés de la D E chez les patients diabétiques. Méthodologie : Etude épidémiologique transversale … Objectifs : -Déterminer la fréquence de la D E chez les patients diabétiques. -Analyser les facteurs associés de la D E chez les patients diabétiques. Méthodologie : Etude épidémiologique transversale descriptive et analytique, au service de médecine interne et d’Endocrinologie de l’hôpital du Mali et de celui du Centre de santé de référence de la commune I, Korofina Nord, sur une période de 4 mois, portant sur 113 patients diabétiques (type I et type II), la valeur de P inférieure à 0,05 a été retenue comme la valeur statistiquement significative. Résultat : Sur les 113 patients interrogés, 71 patients (63%) avaient une D E. L’âge moyen des patients interrogés était de 60,88 ans avec un écart type : 12,247. La D E est plus présente chez les sujets diabétiques à partir de 51 ans, soit 61 cas avec une P : 0,03 et un Risque Relatif : 1,5. Dans le groupe D E, l’âge moyen était de 60,33 ans avec les extrêmes de 33 ans et 79 ans ; dans le groupe non D E l’âge moyen était de 57,28 ans avec les extrêmes de 27 ans et 87 ans. Le statut monogame était le plus représenté dans le groupe D E, soit 43 cas avec une P : 0,03. La D E était plus fréquente chez type II/Type I avec une P : 0,00. La neuropathie périphérique suivie de la rétinopathie étaient les complications les plus rencontrées chez les patients présentant une D E avec une P : 0,00. Intoxication tabagique et l’existence d’une Hypertension artérielle (HTA) avaient un lien statistiquement significatif soit respectivement P : 0,01 et P : 0,00. Conclusion : La prévalence de la D E est élevée chez les diabétiques. L’âge à partir de 51 ans, l’existence d’une HTA, une intoxication tabagique, l’existence de complication propre du diabète sont des facteurs, qui ont un lien statistiquement significatif, associés à la D E chez le sujet diabétique. Mots-clés : Dysfonction érectile -Diabète -Facteurs de risque.

Correction to ‘Physiological functions and pathological involvement of ion channel trafficking in the vasculature’

2025-06-23

| The Journal of Physiology

Post stroke fatigue: Analysis of subtypes and associated factors

2025-06-23

Mohammad Etoom , Manal Al Battat , Ibrahem Hanafi +3 more | Journal of Clinical Neuroscience

A Comparative Study of Stroke Outcomes in Patients Receiving Edaravone and Citicoline

2025-06-20

A Sadí , Khadeeja Maitheen , Laveena Joykutty Periera +3 more | Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice

Metabolic breakdown: Linking insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease

2025-06-19

Simona Lanzillotta , Lucrezia Romana Rolfi , Barbara Zulli +1 more | Neural Regeneration Research

Abstract The increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases has uncovered shared pathophysiological pathways, with insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction emerging as critical contributors to cognitive decline. Insulin resistance … Abstract The increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases has uncovered shared pathophysiological pathways, with insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction emerging as critical contributors to cognitive decline. Insulin resistance impairs neuronal metabolism and synaptic function, fostering neurodegeneration as observed in Alzheimer’s disease and Down syndrome. Indeed, Down syndrome, characterized by the triplication of the APP gene, represents a valuable genetic model for studying early-onset Alzheimer’s disease and accelerated aging. Building on the link between metabolic dysfunctions and neurodegeneration, innovative strategies addressed brain insulin resistance as a key driver of cognitive decline. Intranasal insulin has shown promise in improving cognition in early Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes, supporting the concept that restoring insulin sensitivity can mitigate neurodegeneration. However, insulin-based therapies risk desensitizing insulin signaling, potentially worsening the disease. Incretins, particularly glucagonlike peptide 1 receptor agonists, offer neuroprotective benefits by enhancing insulin sensitivity, metabolism, and synaptic plasticity while reducing oxidative distress and neuroinflammation. This review focuses on current knowledge on the metabolic and molecular interactions between insulin resistance, mitochondrial dynamics (including their roles in energy metabolism), and oxidative distress regulation, as these are pivotal in both Alzheimer’s disease and Down syndrome. By addressing these interconnected mechanisms, innovative treatments may emerge for both metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders.

Minimalinvasive Schlaganfallbehandlungen gestiegen: Neuroradiologie rettet Leben

2025-06-18

| RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren

Method of autopsy study of thalamus and basal nuclei

2025-06-18

A.S. Konakov , Yu.S. Brikova , E M Koludarova | Forensic Medical Expertise

Thalamus and basal nuclei are deep structures of the brain which play a crucial role in regulating consciousness level. Traumatic injuries in them occur in craniocerebral injury (CCI), post-traumatic alterations … Thalamus and basal nuclei are deep structures of the brain which play a crucial role in regulating consciousness level. Traumatic injuries in them occur in craniocerebral injury (CCI), post-traumatic alterations — at the 2nd stage of dislocation syndrome. Non-traumatic hemorrhages are most often located in these structures. The existing methods of the brain autopsy study have not been effective enough for their focused detailed examination. Objective. To develop the rational and effective method of thalamus and basal nuclei autopsy examination for identification of pathomorphological changes and their characteristics. Material and methods. The brain of 42 males and 31 females aged 18—65 years who died due to CCI at different times of post-traumatic period, as well as 22 males and 25 females aged 35—68 years who died due to various causes of non-violent death, was examined according to autopsy data. The cases were divided into 2 groups for study of the thalamus and basal nuclei: in the 1st group (69 observations) the brain was examined by traditional methods (Virchow, Pitre, Fisher), in the 2nd group (51 observations) — by own developed method. Results. In the 1st study group hemorrhages in thalamus were found in 15% of cases, in basal nuclei — in 12%, in the 2nd group —hemorrhages in thalamus were identified in 32%, in basal nuclei — in 21% of observations. The application of newly developed method of thalamus and basal nuclei autopsy examination has shown its advisability and efficacy. Conclusion. The method of autopsy study of the thalamus and basal nuclei has been developed and proposed for practice that will allow to increase the objectivity and evidence of forensic medical examination of the corpse.

EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT FOR MYOPIA IN PREPUBERTAL CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL DYSFUNCTION

2025-06-17

S.Z. Salmanova , Narmina Hajiyeva | Azerbaijan Journal of Ophthalmology

Purpose – to study the effectiveness of preventive treatment of myopia in children with cerebral visual dysfunction. Material and methods A total of 52 children aged 5-8 years with complaints … Purpose – to study the effectiveness of preventive treatment of myopia in children with cerebral visual dysfunction. Material and methods A total of 52 children aged 5-8 years with complaints of low vision, discomfort when reading and writing, and periodic headaches were observed for two years. During the neurological examination of children with cerebral dysfunction, a tendency towards increased dysregulation of the mechanisms of vascular supply of the visual analyzer was observed. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I - 32 children who received both vision therapy and neurological treatment; Group II - 20 children who received only visual therapy. Refraction before and after treatment was checked on a pediatric autorefractometer Plusoptix A09. Results A comparative analysis of the obtained results revealed that in Group I in 22 children, where the refraction before treatment was from (-)0.75 D to (-)1.5 D, after treatment it remained the same in 9 (28%); out of 10 (31%) children with refraction from (-)0.5 D to (-)0.75 D, the number increased to 15 (47%), and in 8 (25%) it was from (+)1.0 D to (-)0.75 D. At the same time, in the second group of children who received only pleoptic treatment, out of 12 (60%) who had refraction from (-)0.75 D to (-)1.5 D, after treatment, 11 (55%) remained the same, and the number of children with refraction from (-)0.5 D to (-)0.75 D increased by only 1 child and was 9 (45%). Conclusion Without diminishing the significant impact of visual impairments in children on the central nervous system (CNS) at various stages of their life, it can be concluded that at the stages of formation of cerebral visual impairments and in the process of their transformation, the mechanisms of neurohumoral regulation and adaptation or homeostatic neuroplasticity play a decisive role. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that preventive complex treatment of myopia in children with cerebral visual dysfunction has a positive effect on the dynamics of refractive disorders and the further course of myopia. Key words: myopia, cerebral dysfunction, prepubertal age, homeostatic neuroplasticity of the brain

MLC 901 Decreases HSP-70, MMP-9, Cerebral Infarction Volume and Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Rat Model

2025-06-17

Ilsa Hunaifi , Andi Kurnia Bintang , Jumraini Tammasse +5 more | The Indonesian Biomedical Journal

BACKGROUND: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is usually treated with thrombolysis, however the percentage of patients receiving this therapy is not quite low. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative therapy … BACKGROUND: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is usually treated with thrombolysis, however the percentage of patients receiving this therapy is not quite low. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative therapy using neuroprotective agent such as Moleac (MLC) 901. Heat shock proteins (HSP)-70 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 are usually related to AIS due to the triggered stroke-induced physiological stress. However, the effect of MLC 901 on Hsp70 mRNA expression, HSP-70 and MMP-9 remains unclear. This study was conducted to determine the effect of MLC 901 on those three parameters in relation to cerebral infarction volume and functional outcomes in an AIS model.METHODS: Rats were induced with AIS using unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCAO) and received three different treatments: 43.2 mg/200 gBW MLC 901, 21.6 mg/200 gBW MLC 901, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), that were administered orally for 14 days. HSP-70 and MMP-9 protein levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Hsp70 mRNA expression was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Foot fault scores for evaluation functional outcome and infarction volume were assessed by ImageJ.RESULTS: AIS-induction increased HSP-70, MMP-9, and Hsp70 mRNA expression within 24-48 h. MMP-9, HSP-70 , and Hsp70 mRNA expression were reduced by MLC 901. MLC 901 at dose of 43.2 mg/200 gBW and 21.6 mg/200 gBW were effective in reducing these levels compared to the control. MLC 901 improved functional outcomes and decreased cerebral infarction volume. Moreover, a dosage of 43.2 mg/200 gBW was more effective in reducing Hsp70 mRNA expression and HSP-70, improving functional outcomes, and reducing cerebral infarction volume than a dosage of 21.6 mg/200 gBW, but not MMP-9 protein.CONCLUSION: MLC 901 effectively decreased Hsp70 mRNA expression, HSP-70 and MMP-9 protein levels, infarct volume, and functional outcomes. MLC 901 could be a potential therapeutic agent for AIS.KEYWORDS: MLC 901, HSP-70, MMP-9, acute ischemic stroke

Brain and Ocular Nutrition Conference 2025, Lecture Abstracts June 17th – 20th 2025, Endicott College, Massachusetts, USA

2025-06-17

| Journal of Alzheimer s Disease

The Effect of Integrative Treatment on Improving Functional Level in Stroke Patients: A Retrospective Chart Review

2025-06-17

Dae Gil Kwon , Shin Ahn , Ki-cheul Shon +1 more | Healthcare

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of integrative treatment on functional recovery in stroke patients by comparing medical records of those receiving Western rehabilitation treatment only versus integrative … Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of integrative treatment on functional recovery in stroke patients by comparing medical records of those receiving Western rehabilitation treatment only versus integrative treatment in a single hospital. Methods: Medical records of 174 stroke patients were analyzed, divided into three groups based on Korean medicinal treatment frequency: Western rehabilitation only (WO), Western rehabilitation with low-frequency Korean medicine (WLK), and Western rehabilitation with high-frequency Korean medicine (WHK). Patients were further categorized into subacute (last 3 months) and chronic (last 6 months) stroke groups. Functional recovery was assessed using tools like the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and others. Results: Overall, BBS and MBI scores showed significant improvements in WLK and WHK groups compared to the WO group. In subacute patients at 3 months post-treatment (MPT), BBS scores increased by 1.7 ± 2.0 (WO), 3.3 ± 4.8 (WLK), and 5.6 ± 5.2 (WHK), with significant differences between WO and WHK (p < 0.05). In chronic patients at 6 MPT, BBS scores rose by 0.4 ± 1.1 (WO), 1.8 ± 1.7 (WLK), and 5.3 ± 6.4 (WHK), again significant between WO and WHK (p < 0.05). MBI scores in subacute patients at 3 MPT increased by 0.7 ± 2.1 (WO), 2.5 ± 2.9 (WLK), and 3.9 ± 5.5 (WHK), with significant differences between WO and WHK (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Integrative treatment with Korean medicine significantly enhanced balance, daily activity performance, and functional levels in stroke patients compared to Western rehabilitation alone.

Amlodipine protects the retinal ganglionic cell damage maintaining intra ocular pressure by regulating the biological activities of carrageenan like red algae: an in vivo and in-silico study

2025-06-17

Ashirbad Nanda , Neha Choudhary , Manorama Patri | In Silico Pharmacology

Особенности нейротрофинового обмена у пациентов с инсультом в остром и восстановительном периодах

2025-06-17

Н. Н. Усова , Е. В. Сереброва | Неврология и нейрохирургия Восточная Европа

Цель. Уточнить и проанализировать особенности обмена нейротрофинов у пациентов с нарушениями мозгового кровообращения. Материалы и методы. Обследованы 84 пациента в остром периоде инсульта, 216 лиц в восстановительном периоде, 32 здоровых … Цель. Уточнить и проанализировать особенности обмена нейротрофинов у пациентов с нарушениями мозгового кровообращения. Материалы и методы. Обследованы 84 пациента в остром периоде инсульта, 216 лиц в восстановительном периоде, 32 здоровых лица. С помощью метода твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа в плазме крови пациентов определяли концентрации мозгового нейротрофического фактора (BDNF), фактора роста нервов (NGF), фактора роста нервов-бета (β-NGF), нейротрофина-3 (NT-3). Результаты. У пациентов на протяжении острого и восстановительного периодов инсульта концентрация NT-3 уменьшалась (р=0,003). Уровень NGF снижался в восстановительном периоде инсульта по сравнению с острым (р<0,001). Уровни NGF и NT-3 в остром периоде были выше, чем в поздние сроки (р=0,01). У пациентов с поражением вертебро-базилярного бассейна в остром периоде содержание BDNF снижалось по сравнению с данными пациентов, имеющих повреждение каротидных бассейнов слева и справа, и контролем (р=0,04; р=0,02; р=0,04). В остром периоде NGF снижался при инсульте в вертебро-базилярном бассейне по сравнению с правым каротидным бассейном (р=0,03) и контролем (р<0,001). В восстановительном периоде при поражении вертебро-базилярного бассейна увеличивалась концентрация фракции β-NGF (р=0,02). Уровень NT-3 снижался при любой локализации (р=0,002). В восстановительном периоде у пациентов с болью повышался уровень BDNF по сравнению с группой без боли (р=0,01), в которой он оставался низким и отличался от контроля (р=0,04). У пациентов с болевым синдромом на протяжении всего периода наблюдения сохранялись низкие показатели NGF по сравнению с инсультом без боли и контролем (р<0,001). При боли в остром периоде инсульта снижался уровень NT-3 (р<0,001). Заключение. Выявлены особенности нейротрофинового обмена у пациентов с инсультом в остром и восстановительном периодах, показывающие роль данной группы белков в патогенезе нарушения мозгового кровообращения, их вовлечение в реализацию механизмов физиологической и патологической нейропластичности. Materials and methods. A total of eighty-four patients in the acute period of stroke, 216 subjects in the recovery period, and 32 healthy individuals were examined. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), nerve growth factor-beta (β-NGF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) levels were determined in the patients’ blood plasma using the method of solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis. Results. NT-3 levels decreased in patients throughout the acute and recovery periods of stroke (p=0.003). NGF levels decreased in the recovery period of stroke compared to the acute period, p<0.001. NGF and NT-3 were higher in the acute period than in the late period (p=0.01). BDNF content was decreased in patients with vertebro-basillary basin lesions in the acute period compared with data from patients with left and right carotid basin lesions and controls (p=0.04; p=0.02; p=0.04). In the acute period, NGF was decreased in stroke in the vertebrobasilar basin compared to the right carotid basin (p=0.03) and controls (p<0.001). In the recovery period, the concentration of β-NGF fraction was increased in vertebro-basillary basin lesions (p=0.02). The level of NT-3 decreased at any localisation (p=0.002). In the recovery period, BDNF levels increased in patients with pain compared to the group without pain (p=0.01), in which they remained low and different from controls (p=0.04). NGF levels remained low in pain patients throughout the follow-up period compared to stroke without pain and controls (p<0.001). NT-3 levels were decreased in pain during the acute period of stroke (p<0.001). Conclusion. The features of neurotrophin metabolism in patients with stroke were revealed demonstrating the role of this group of proteins in the pathogenesis of cerebral circulatory disorders, and their involvement in the implementation of mechanisms of physiological and pathological neuroplasticity.

Патофизиологические основы современного алгоритма эффективной терапии инсульта: обзор литературы

2025-06-17

А.В. Бойко | Неврология и нейрохирургия Восточная Европа

Инсульт является распространенным неврологическим заболеванием, отличающимся высоким финансовым бременем. Постоянное развитие научных представлений об этиопатогенезе заболевания способствует совершенствованию методов его профилактики, диагностики и лечения. Создание препаратов, которые были бы одинаково … Инсульт является распространенным неврологическим заболеванием, отличающимся высоким финансовым бременем. Постоянное развитие научных представлений об этиопатогенезе заболевания способствует совершенствованию методов его профилактики, диагностики и лечения. Создание препаратов, которые были бы одинаково эффективны при ишемическом и геморрагическом типах инсульта, является актуальной задачей для доказательной медицины. В статье представлены современные научные данные об аспектах патогенеза инсульта, а также демонстрируются препараты, которые на данный момент активно изучаются. Приводится международная и отечественная научная информация о патофизиологическом базисе эффективного и безопасного применения L-лизина эсцината у лиц с инсультом. Stroke is a common neurological disease characterized by a high financial burden. A continuous advancement in scientific understanding of the disease etiopathogenesis contributes to the improvement of methods for its prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Creating drugs that would be equally effective in ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes is an urgent task for evidence-based medicine. The article presents modern scientific data on stroke pathogenesis aspects and demonstrates medical products that are currently under active studies. The international and domestic scientific information on the pathophysiological background for effective and safe use of L-lysine aescinat in stroke subjects are provided.

Современная нейропротекция в комплексном лечении пациентов с церебральным инсультом

2025-06-17

Г.Н. Бельская | Неврология и нейрохирургия Восточная Европа

Несмотря на значительные меры, предпринимаемые для профилактики и лечения пациентов с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения во всем мире, в том числе в Российской Федерации, проблема инсульта остается не менее актуальной, … Несмотря на значительные меры, предпринимаемые для профилактики и лечения пациентов с острыми нарушениями мозгового кровообращения во всем мире, в том числе в Российской Федерации, проблема инсульта остается не менее актуальной, а высокий уровень смертности, инвалидизации ложится тяжким бременем как на пациента и его семью, так и на общество в целом. В связи с этим продолжается поиск препаратов, отвечающих критериям эффективности и безопасности. В условиях роста числа коморбидных пациентов во избежание полипрагмазии предпочтение отдается препаратам с плейотропным эффектом. В этом аспекте весьма интересным является отечественный оригинальный препарат Целлекс®, полученный из нервной эмбриональной ткани головного мозга свиней. Как препарат клеточной терапии без клеток (cell-free cell therapy) он представляет собой фракцию белков и полипептидов протеомного секретома нейрональных стволовых и прогениторных клеток, содержащую факторы дифференцировки эмбрионального гистогенеза, которые регулируют процессы репарации, апоптоза и аутофагии. Факторы роста нервной ткани, нейротрофины, ангиотрофины и блокаторы апоптоза способствуют выживаемости нервных клеток зоны пенумбры, росту дендритов и аксонов, нейрогенезу и миграции нейробластов к зоне очага. Благодаря этому препарат оказывает нейропротективное и нейрорепаративное действие. В нашей стране было проведено большое количество экспериментальных и клинических, в том числе плацебо-контролируемых, исследований, подтверждающих эффективность и безопасность применения Целлекса® в остром и восстановительном периоде церебрального инсульта. Despite significant efforts taken for preventing and treating patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders worldwide, including in the Russian Federation, the stroke issue remains no less urgent, while the high mortality and disability rates impose heavy burdens on both the patient and his or her family and on the society as a whole. Therefore, the search for drugs meeting efficacy and safety criteria remains ongoing. In the context of increasing number of comorbid patients, drugs with pleiotropic effect are preferred to avoid polypragmasy. In this aspect, the Russian original medicinal product Cellex®, obtained from embryonic neural tissue of porcine brain, is of great interest. As a cell-free cell therapy product, this drug is a fraction of proteins and polypeptides of the proteomic secretome of neuronal stem and progenitor cells containing embryonic histogenesis differentiation factors regulating repair, apoptosis and autophagy processes. Neural tissue growth factors, neurotrophins, angiotrophins and apoptosis blockers promote the survival of penumbra neural cells, dendrites and axons growth, neuroblasts neurogenesis and their migration of to the focal area. Therefore, the drug exhibits neuroprotective and neuro-reparative effects. A large number of experimental and clinical studies, including placebo-controlled ones, have been conducted in our country to confirm the efficacy and safety of Cellex® in the acute and recovery stages of cerebral stroke.

Neurotoxicity and protective strategies of chlorinated drinking water disinfection byproducts

2025-06-16

Xu Wang , Gaihua Wang , Jinjian Li +3 more | Journal of Water Process Engineering

Corrigendum: Epalrestat protects against diabetic peripheral neuropathy by alleviating oxidative stress and inhibiting polyol pathway

2025-06-16

| Neural Regeneration Research

An open dataset of cerebral tau deposition in young healthy adults based on [<sup>18</sup>F]MK6240 positron emission tomography

2025-06-14

Jack Lam , Raúl Rodríguez‐Cruces , Thaera Arafat +7 more | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)

Tauopathies are pathologies wherein phosphorylated insoluble tau aggregates in neurons, leading to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. Positron emission tomography (PET) can measure tau deposition in vivo, with second-generation radiotracers such … Tauopathies are pathologies wherein phosphorylated insoluble tau aggregates in neurons, leading to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. Positron emission tomography (PET) can measure tau deposition in vivo, with second-generation radiotracers such as [ 18 F]MK6240 showing high affinity for tau with minimal off-target binding. While typically observed in conditions associated with advanced age, notably Alzheimer's disease (AD), tauopathies are also implicated in pathologies affecting younger individuals. This includes autosomal dominant AD, Niemann-Pick disease type C, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and epilepsy, thus highlighting the need for generating normative data in non-geriatric populations. Here, we present a dataset of 33 young to middle-age healthy adults (mean age 32.8±10.2 years, 12 female) with [ 18 F]MK6240 PET data and T1w magnetic resonance imaging. Longitudinal data are also available in a subset of 9 participants with a minimum follow-up time of 1 year. Our dataset aims to support imaging biomarker studies on younger individuals who may be at risk for AD and to advance work in tauopathies affecting non-geriatric populations, who are generally excluded from studies focused on neurodegeneration.

Correction: Exploration of the relationship between Graves’ eye disease and type 2 diabetes based on biomarkers

2025-06-13

Yu Guan , Meng Fan , Xiaolin Ren +7 more | HORMONES

Study on the correlation between hsCRP/HDL-C ratio and the severity and prognosis of ischemic stroke

2025-06-13

Ping Ni , Haifeng Shao , Qi Zhang +4 more | Neurological Research

Inflammatory and lipid biomarkers are increasingly recognized for their role in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study evaluated the predictive value of composite indicators, focusing on the hsCRP/HDL-C ratio. A … Inflammatory and lipid biomarkers are increasingly recognized for their role in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study evaluated the predictive value of composite indicators, focusing on the hsCRP/HDL-C ratio. A prospective study included 183 AIS patients and 194 controls from Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (July 2023-July 2024). Venous blood samples assessed inflammatory and lipid markers. Primary outcome was 3-month functional prognosis (mRS 0-2 vs. 3-6); secondary outcomes included hemorrhagic transformation, NIHSS scores, and mortality. Significant baseline differences included hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, hsCRP, MHR, and hsCRP/HDL-C ratio (all p < 0.001). The hsCRP/HDL-C ratio showed high predictive accuracy (AUC analysis). Higher ratios correlated with atrial fibrillation, worse NIHSS scores, and poor 3-month prognosis (p < 0.001), but not hemorrhagic transformation or TOAST classification. After multivariate adjustment, higher quartiles of the hsCRP/HDL-C ratio remained an independent predictor of poor outcomes [quartile_4 (OR = 5.14, 95% CI: 1.03-25.81, p = 0.047)] and were also associated with increased NIHSS scores at admission, day 3, and day 7 [quartile_4 (0 h: B = 2.92, p = 0.016; 3d: B = 3.30, p = 0.004; 7d: B = 3.91, p = 0.001)]. The hsCRP/HDL-C ratio is strongly associated with AIS occurrence and predicts both short-term neurological deficits and long-term prognosis, offering clinical utility in risk stratification.

1335-P: Serum Granulin Concentrations Are Elevated in Subjects with Impaired Fasting Glucose, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes

2025-06-13

Yah-Huei Chou , Ying-Hsin Hsu , KA CHON CHAN +2 more | Diabetes

Introduction and Objective: Although plasma Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) are conventional diagnostics for prediabetes, OGTT may be inconvenient for patients due to the … Introduction and Objective: Although plasma Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) are conventional diagnostics for prediabetes, OGTT may be inconvenient for patients due to the need for multiple blood samples. In addition, individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) may have a decline in β-cell function independent of HbA1c levels. Therefore, a biomarker for screening prediabetes is important. Granulin is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. However, the serum granulin concentrations in prediabetes and diabetes are still unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship among granulin, IFG, IGT, and newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD). Methods: A total of 180 age- and sex-matched participants with NGT (n=47), IFG (n=45), IGT (n=48), and NDD (n=40) was recruited for this cross-sectional study. Serum granulin levels were measured by ELISA. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among granulin, IFG, IGT, and NDD. Results: Serum granulin concentrations were higher in IFG, IGT and NDD groups than those of NGT groups (249.3 ± 62.7, 247.1± 56.7, 232.1 ± 50.6 and 189.7±42.4 ng/ml). In multiple linear regression analysis, IFG (p&lt;0.001), IGT (p&lt;0.001) and NDD (p&lt; 0.01) were the positively associated factors of serum granulin concentrations after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, lipid profile, creatinine and alanine aminotransferase. Conclusion: Elevated serum granulin concentrations had a potential to be a novel biomarker for the screening of prediabetes. Disclosure Y. Chou: None. Y. Hsu: None. K. Chan: None. H. Wu: None. H. Ou: None.

107-OR: Impact of Microvascular Complications on Severe Mental Illness Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes—A Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan

2025-06-13

Yu‐Hsin Yen , Wan-Ling Cheng , Fu‐Shun Yen +3 more | Diabetes

Introduction and Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the likelihood of developing severe mental illnesses (SMI) —including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD) among type 2 diabetes (T2D) … Introduction and Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the likelihood of developing severe mental illnesses (SMI) —including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder (MDD) among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with and without microvascular complications. Methods: We analyzed data from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, and 394,659 matched pairs of microvascular and non-microvascular patients were selected. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier method were used for assessment. Results: T2D patients with microvascular complications had a significantly higher risk of SMI. Schizophrenia risk increased with one microvascular disease [aHR (95% CI) 1.11 (1.01, 1.22)], two [1.38 (1.08, 1.76)], and three [aHR (95% CI) 2.29 (1.06, 4.97)]. Bipolar disorder risk was elevated with one microvascular complication [1.17 (1.09, 1.25)], and two [1.27 (1.06, 1.52)]. Risk of MDD increased with one microvascular disease [1.20 (1.18, 1.23)], two [1.41 (1.32, 1.50)], and three [1.53 (1.26, 1.86)]. Diabetic neuropathy has a stronger association with SMI compared to diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Conclusion: This nationwide cohort study showed that T2D patients with microvascular complications are at a heightened risk of developing SMI compared to those without microvascular disease. Disclosure Y. Yen: None. W. Cheng: None. F. Yen: None. H. Lin: None. C. Hwu: None. C. Hsu: None. Funding Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare Clinical Trial Center (NSTC 113-2321-B-039-006); China Medical University Hospital (DMR-111-105; DMR-112-087; DMR-113-009; DMR-113-156); Taipei Veterans General Hospital (V111C-188, V112C-164, V113C-166); National Science and Technology Council, R.O.C. (MOST 110-2314-B-075-027-MY3)

879-P: Metformin Improves Brain Glucose Uptake, Network Connectivity, and Volume Concurrent to Improved Working Memory and Processing Speed in Insulin-Resistant Older Adults

2025-06-13

Gregory N. Ruegsegger , Hang Joon Jo , Mark W. Pataky +5 more | Diabetes

Introduction and Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) increases the risk for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Preclinical studies show that metformin normalizes alterations in brain mitochondrial functions induced by diet-induced IR, … Introduction and Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) increases the risk for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Preclinical studies show that metformin normalizes alterations in brain mitochondrial functions induced by diet-induced IR, specifically in brain regions rich in insulin receptors. Here, we assessed the effect of 10-months of metformin treatment on cognitive function, brain network connectivity, glucose uptake, and regional volume in older people with IR. Methods: Forty participants aged 60-80 years (20 male, 20 female) with abdominal obesity, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, and fasting blood glucose of 100-125 mg/dL were studied. Participants were randomly assigned to metformin (2500 mg/d) or placebo (n = 20 per group) for 40 weeks. Pre- and post-treatment measurements included cognition (NIH Toolbox cognitive battery), volumetric MRI, resting-state fMRI, regional glucose uptake (18FDG-PET), and insulin sensitivity (mixed-meal tolerance test; MMTT). Results: Metformin improved processing speed and working memory concurrent to similar directional changes in amygdala and hippocampus volumes. Metformin increased white matter volume in the frontal and temporal lobes. Analysis of functional connectivity showed inverse associations between IR and connectivity strength between numerous brain regions, most notably between frontal and temporal lobe structures, potentially explaining improvement of processing speed. Increased glucose uptake in brain areas rich in insulin receptors, such as the prefrontal cortex, support that metformin enhanced insulin sensitivity in brain regions involved in memory and other cognitive functions as in the whole body noted by MMTT. Conclusion: These results support the notion that metformin ameliorates IR-related alterations in regional connectivity, brain volume, and brain glucose uptake with concurrent improvement of important aspects of cognition. Disclosure G. Ruegsegger: None. H. Jo: None. M.W. Pataky: None. N. Stricker: None. K. Klaus: None. V.J. Lowe: Research Support; Eli Lilly and Company, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics. J. Port: Consultant; Clario. K. Nair: None. Funding National Institute of Aging (R21 AG 060139 and R01 062859)

245-OR: Plasma Methylglyoxal Is Linked to Nerve Dysfunction and Predicts Increased Neuropathic Pain Intensity over Six Years in Diabetic Polyneuropathy

2025-06-13

GIDON J. BÖNHOF , THOMAS H. FLEMING , Gundega Sipola +4 more | Diabetes

Introduction and Objective: Methylglyoxal, a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). Here, we aimed to determine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of … Introduction and Objective: Methylglyoxal, a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). Here, we aimed to determine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of plasma methylglyoxal with peripheral nerve function and symptoms in individuals with DSPN. Methods: Included were 383 individuals from the PROPANE study with type 1 or type 2 (16.2/83.8%) diabetes and asymptomatic, symptomatic painless, or symptomatic painful (9.1/34.2/56.7%) DSPN ([mean±SD] age 65.7±10.2 years, sex: 73% male, BMI: 30.3±5.5 kg/m2, HbA1c: 7.41±1.32%, known diabetes duration: 16.2±12.4 years). Eighty-five participants underwent follow-up examinations after 4-8 (6.14±1.04) years. Peripheral nerve function was assessed by motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (MNCV, SNCV), sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP), vibration perception threshold (VPT), and cold and warmth detection thresholds (CDT, WDT). Plasma methylglyoxal was determined by tandem mass spectroscopy. Results: After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, HbA1c, diabetes type, and diabetes duration, plasma methylglyoxal was inversely associated with lower peroneal and tibial MNCV (β=-0.139/-0.152), sural SNAP (β=-0.114), and CDT (β=-0.115), and positively associated with WDT (β=0.155), VPT (β=0.149) and maximum 24h pain intensity (β=0.127; all P&lt;0.05). After additional adjustment for DSPN severity, plasma methylglyoxal was higher in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic DSPN (P&lt;0.05). Baseline plasma methylglyoxal was predictive for increasing 24h average pain intensity and WDT over 6 years. Conclusion: Higher systemic carbonyl stress levels are linked to DSPN and its progression, while methylglyoxal may be involved in the development of symptomatic DSPN entities with and without neuropathic pain, implying direct adverse effects on different types of sensory nerve fibers. Disclosure G.J. Bönhof: None. T.H. Fleming: None. G. Sipola: None. J. Szendroedi: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk, Lilly Diabetes, Novartis AG, Boehringer-Ingelheim. M. Roden: Research Support; Boehringer-Ingelheim. Advisory Panel; Echosens. Speaker's Bureau; Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Advisory Panel; MSD Life Science Foundation. Board Member; Novo Nordisk. Advisory Panel; TARGET PharmaSolutions, Inc. D. Ziegler: Consultant; Wörwag. Speaker's Bureau; Viatris Inc. Consultant; Nevro Corp. Advisory Panel; Grünenthal. Speaker's Bureau; Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline plc. Consultant; Procter & Gamble. A. Strom: None.

487-P: Lipocalin-2 Regulates the Function of Phosphatidic Acid in Senescence and mTOR Signaling in Adipose Stromal-Vascular Cells

2025-06-13

Xiaolin Jin , Hongming Su , XIAOLI CHEN | Diabetes

Introduction and Objective: Phosphatidic acid (PA), a key intermediate in phospholipid synthesis, regulates mTOR, a nutrient-sensing pathway critical for metabolism, growth and development. However, PA's role in aging and cellular … Introduction and Objective: Phosphatidic acid (PA), a key intermediate in phospholipid synthesis, regulates mTOR, a nutrient-sensing pathway critical for metabolism, growth and development. However, PA's role in aging and cellular senescence, and its regulatory mechanisms, remain unclear. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), an adipocyte secreted protein, was identified as a PA-binding protein. Lcn2 deficiency is shown to increase the risk of obesity, diabetes, and reduces adipose tissue PA species, including PA 16:0 18:1 (PA1) and PA 16:0 18:2 (PA2). This study explores LCN2's role in PA-mediated regulation of cellular senescence and mTOR signaling. Methods: Stromal-vascular (SV) cells from inguinal white adipose tissue (Ing-WAT) of wild-type (WT) and Lcn2 knockout (KO) mice were treated with PA1, mouse recombinant LCN2 (apoLCN2), or PA1+LCN2 (holoLCN2) for two days. Additionally, WT SV cells were treated with PA1 and PA2. Cellular senescence and mTOR signaling were assessed via β-galactosidase staining, and gene/protein expression analyses. Results: In WT SV cells, PA1 or PA2 significantly reduced β-galactosidase-positive senescent cells as well as downregulated of senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) marker genes, including p16, Cebpb, Il1b, Il18, and Tnfa. Lcn2 deficiency in Ing SV cells resulted in increased senescence shown in β-galactosidase staining. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of senescence markers in Lcn2 KO SV cells. While neither PA1 alone nor apo-LCN2 (LCN2 alone) had a significant effect on mTOR signaling activation, holo-LCN2 markedly enhanced mTOR signaling pathway activation in both WT and Lcn2 KO SV cells. Conclusion: Our findings show PA is protective against cellular senescence, while Lcn2 deficiency exacerbates it by reducing PA levels. LCN2 is essential for the PA-mediated mTOR activation, highlighting the functional interplay between PA and LCN2 in regulating adipose tissue metabolism and aging. Disclosure X. Jin: None. H. Su: None. X. Chen: None. Funding NIDDK Grant (R01 DK123042)

986-P: A1C Benefits of Dexcom rtCGM Compared with SMBG among People with Type 2 Diabetes on Less Intensive Therapies

2025-06-13

B. Liu , KATIA HANNAH , POORVA NEMLEKAR +1 more | Diabetes

Introduction and Objective: This study evaluated the difference in A1c improvement between Dexcom rtCGM and SMBG among people with type 2 diabetes (PwT2D) using basal insulin (BI) or non-insulin therapy … Introduction and Objective: This study evaluated the difference in A1c improvement between Dexcom rtCGM and SMBG among people with type 2 diabetes (PwT2D) using basal insulin (BI) or non-insulin therapy (NIT). Methods: This retrospective study used Optum’s Clinformatics® de-identified US health claims database (09/2016 to 06/2024). Cohorts consisted of CGM-naïve BI or NIT PwT2D who began using Dexcom G-series rtCGM (index = first rtCGM claim) or SMBG (index = random date). Cohorts were propensity score matched on baseline demographics, A1c and healthcare resource utilization. Changes in A1c were assessed 12 months pre- (baseline) and post-index (follow-up) as: (1) the mean change in A1c following CGM initiation and the difference-in-differences (DiD) between cohorts, (2) the proportion achieving A1c &lt;7% or &lt;8% during follow-up, and (3) the proportion with a baseline A1c ≥7% who achieved an A1c &lt;7% after rtCGM initiation. Results: Across indications (BI n=2,866; NIT n=1,559), rtCGM use was associated with a greater A1c reduction compared to SMBG use (BI: -0.84 vs -0.30 [DiD= -0.53, p&lt;0.01]; NIT: -0.79 vs -0.35 [DiD= -0.44, p&lt;0.01]). In the BI cohort, a greater percentage of rtCGM users achieved A1c levels &lt;7% or &lt;8% at follow-up vs SMBG users (A1c &lt;7%: 32.6% vs 24.1%, p&lt;0.01; A1c &lt;8%: 67.6% vs 53.6%, p&lt;0.01). Likewise, a higher percentage of NIT rtCGM users achieved A1c &lt;7% or &lt;8% at follow-up compared to SMBG users (A1c &lt;7%: 48.0% vs 41.0%, p&lt;0.01; A1c &lt;8%: 29.8% vs 18.05%, p&lt;0.01). In addition, a greater percentage of rtCGM users with a baseline A1c ≥7% achieved an A1c &lt;7% at follow-up vs SMBG users (BI: 21.3% vs 12.7%, p&lt;0.01; NIT: 23.3% vs 14.9%, p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: These findings indicate Dexcom rtCGM may be a valuable tool for glycemic management for PwT2D on less intensive therapies and may contribute to individuals reaching their glycemic goals. These results support rtCGM as a preferred monitoring strategy over SMBG in clinical practice for BI and NIT PwT2D. Disclosure B.C. Liu: Employee; Dexcom, Inc. K. Hannah: Employee; Dexcom, Inc. P. Nemlekar: Employee; Dexcom, Inc. G.J. Norman: Employee; Dexcom, Inc.

469-P: Therapeutic Potential of Imeglimin for Diabetic Neuropathy—Neuroprotective Effects in Type 1 Diabetic Rats

2025-06-13

WATARU NIHEI , Ayako Kato , Takuma Sato +7 more | Diabetes

Introduction and Objective: Imeglimin is an oral antidiabetic agent with beneficial effects on mitochondrial function. Studies have shown that imeglimin reduces gluconeogenesis and stimulates muscle glucose uptake, thereby improving insulin … Introduction and Objective: Imeglimin is an oral antidiabetic agent with beneficial effects on mitochondrial function. Studies have shown that imeglimin reduces gluconeogenesis and stimulates muscle glucose uptake, thereby improving insulin resistance. Additionally, it promotes insulin secretion by increasing NAD+ levels in pancreatic β-cells. Studies have also demonstrated that imeglimin reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress and the activity of mitochondrial complex I in hepatic mitochondria of mice fed high-fat or high-sucrose diets. However, the effects of imeglimin on diabetic neuropathy remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of imeglimin on diabetic neuropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with vehicle or STZ to induce diabetes. Four weeks after STZ injection, rats were orally gavaged with vehicle or imeglimin (200 mg/kg) twice daily for four weeks. Subsequently, assessments of mortor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), sciatic nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), sciatic nerve blood flow (SNBF) were performed. Results: Imeglimin did not significantly affect body weight or blood glucose levels. Compared to controls, diabetic rats exhibited a trend toward decreased MNCV, which was attenuated by imeglimin. Diabetic rats also showed significant reductions in SNCV, and SNBF compared to controls. Imeglimin treatment significantly ameliorated the reduction in SNCV and SNBF. Conclusion: These findings from STZ-induced diabetic rats indicate the therapeutic potential of imeglimin for diabetic neuropathy. Disclosure W. Nihei: None. A. Kato: None. T. Sato: None. T. Himeno: None. N. Nakamura: None. K. Sango: None. K. Naruse: None. J. Nakamura: Speaker's Bureau; Daiichi Sankyo, Novo Nordisk. H. Kamiya: Research Support; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd. Speaker's Bureau; Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd. K. Kato: Speaker's Bureau; Daiichi Sankyo. Funding JSPS KAKENHI (24K09971)

472-P: Development and Validation of STZ-Induced Diabetic Retinopathy Models for Therapeutic Evaluation

2025-06-13

Tingting Hu , Haiyun Huang , Chen Zhang +2 more | Diabetes

Introduction and Objective: Diabetic retinopathy affects about 35% of diabetic patients and is a leading cause of adult blindness, significantly impacting quality of life and healthcare costs. Developing robust animal … Introduction and Objective: Diabetic retinopathy affects about 35% of diabetic patients and is a leading cause of adult blindness, significantly impacting quality of life and healthcare costs. Developing robust animal models for research and therapeutic development is challenging due to the need to replicate human pathophysiology and ensure reproducibility. In this study, we developed diabetic retinopathy models using STZ-induced diabetic animals and tested a reference agent to evaluate therapeutic potential. Methods: Diabetic retinopathy model was developed using STZ-induced type I diabetic rats. A single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of STZ (150 mg/kg; Sigma, S0130-1G) was administered for the induction of diabetes on day 1. Aflibercept (25 mg/kg, Eylea, Bayer) was intraperitoneally injected once a week from the 4th week after STZ modeling (Day 28). In-life and terminal readouts include retinal thickness by Optical coherence tomography (OCT), retinal function by ERG, and retinal pathology by CD45 immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Results: Diabetic retinopathy was assessed using full-field electroretinogram (ERG) in STZ-induced diabetic mice. STZ mice exhibited significantly increased latency and reduced amplitude of a- and b-waves, indicating retinal functional deficits. Aflibercept (25 mg/kg, i.p., weekly in the last 4 weeks) significantly improved these ERG parameters. OCT showed reduced retinal thickness in STZ mice, which increased significantly with Aflibercept treatment. CD45 IHC analysis revealed increased CD45-positive cells, indicating inflammation, which was significantly reduced by Aflibercept. Conclusion: Our study successfully established a model of diabetic retinopathy, demonstrating significant retinal dysfunction and inflammation. Aflibercept effectively alleviated these complications, highlighting its potential therapeutic benefits. Disclosure T. Hu: None. H. Huang: None. C. Zhang: None. T. Li: None. Y. Li: None.

1594-P: SCIP—A Novel and Efficient Screening Tool for Detecting Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

2025-06-13

Nicole J. Jensen , Jeff Zarp Petersen , MALENE ELBÆK VIKNER +4 more | Diabetes

Introduction and Objective: Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have increased risk of cognitive impairment, which may hamper disease management and worsen clinical outcomes. Brief tools to identify cognitive impairment … Introduction and Objective: Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have increased risk of cognitive impairment, which may hamper disease management and worsen clinical outcomes. Brief tools to identify cognitive impairment as well as describe and prospectively monitor cognition in T2D are lacking. Here, we aim to validate a brief objective instrument for detecting cognitive impairment in older adults with T2D. Methods: Adults aged ≥65 years with T2D and micro- or macrovascular complication(s) as well as healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Participants were assessed with (1) the Danish translation of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP-D) and (2) a comprehensive neuropsychological battery of established, standardized tests sensitive to diabetes-associated cognitive impairment. Concurrent validity was assessed with Pearson’s r or Spearman’s rho correlation analyses, while a cognitive screening cut-off value was determined employing logistic receiver-operating-characteristic analyses to identify possible impairment (≤ -1.0 standard deviations (SD) below norm) detected by the standardized tests. Results: The sample included 92 persons with T2D and 50 HC. Within T2D (70% men, aged 76±5 years), SCIP-D total scores correlated strongly with standardized tests (rs=0.85, p&lt;0.001). With a threshold of cognitive performance ≤ -1.0 SD below norm, 48% of patients were identified as being at risk for cognitive impairment. A SCIP-D total cut-off score of &lt;57 identified 44 patients with screen-detected cognitive impairment, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity of 84% and 94%, respectively. SCIP-D administration time was 14±3 min. Conclusion: SCIP-D is a valid measure of objective cognitive impairment in individuals with type 2 diabetes and has the potential of being an easy, time efficient, repeatable tool for cognitive screenings in the diabetes clinic. Disclosure N.J. Jensen: None. J. Zarp: Other Relationship; Lundbeck. M. Vikner: None. K.K. Jørgensen: None. K. Miskowiak: Speaker's Bureau; Lundbeck, Gedeon Richter. J. Rungby: None. M. Nilsson: None.

MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS AFTER AMPUTATIONS OF BOTH LOWER LIMBS DUE TO COMBAT INJURY: THE FIRST EXPERIENCE OF USING AN ANTIGRAVITY TREADMILL

2025-06-10

V.E. Yudin , O.Yu. Ratnikova , I. P. Bobrovnitsky +4 more | Bulletin of the Medical Institute of Continuing Education

Background. The growth of the population with lower limb amputation defects is of high social and economic importance and determines the importance of introducing innovative technologies to improve the effectiveness … Background. The growth of the population with lower limb amputation defects is of high social and economic importance and determines the importance of introducing innovative technologies to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation of this category of patients. Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of medical rehabilitation using an antigravity treadmill in patients at the stage of primary prosthetics after lower limb amputations due to combat injuries. Materials and Methods. The case series (n=5) analysis was conducted on the rehabilitation of patients following bilateral below-knee amputations due to combat trauma. The clinical and functional status of patients was examined along with the presence of factors, potentially limiting rehabilitation. The safety and effectiveness of new medical rehabilitation program, which included 10 sessions on an antigravity treadmill over a two-week period, were assessed. Results. All patients completed a course of 10 training sessions on an antigravity treadmill over two weeks and achieved their individual rehabilitation goals. All patients improved the key walking patterns and demonstrated more than a 50% increase in walking speed. Balance and coordination functions enhanced by 22-42% and 14-33%, respectively. The Hauser Walk Index increased by 2 points, while the Rivermead Mobility Index improved by 2 to 5 points. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion. The use of antigravity treadmill in rehabilitation of patients with bilateral below-knee amputations is characterized by favorable safety profile. This type of training facilitates compensation for major limiting factors and effectively supports achieving rehabilitation goals related to walking function.

Gamma activity of the brain in patients with hemisphere ischemic stroke

2025-06-10

Л. Б. Новикова , K. M. Ziultsle | Russian neurological Journal

Objective . The aim of the study was to investigate gamma activity in patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke (HIS) in the acute and subacute periods in correlation with cognitive and … Objective . The aim of the study was to investigate gamma activity in patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke (HIS) in the acute and subacute periods in correlation with cognitive and anxiety-depressive disorders. Material and methods. The study included 32 patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke. All patients underwent comprehensive clinical, neurological, instrumental and laboratory studies. EEG was recorded on the 1st and 21st days of the disease for 20 minutes. EEG was analyzed visually and by mathematical analysis. The method of mathematical analysis was used to estimate the average values of the gamma rhythm power spectrum in the range of 30-45, 50–70 and 80–100 Hz for all leads and the peak frequency of the γ rhythm of the background EEG. Results . Mathematical analysis of bioelectrical activity (BEA) of the brain of patients with HIS showed deviations in gamma rhythm indices in the range of 30–100 Hz, in comparison with the control group. Statistically significant correlations were established between cognitive, anxiety-depressive disorders and the gamma rhythm index in the frontal and central-temporal areas in the frequency range of 30–100 Hz. Conclusion . Mathematical analysis of BEA of the brain along with clinical and neuropsychological studies is recommended for use in identifying cognitive and emotional (anxiety-depressive) disorders in patients with HIS in the in the acute and subacute periods.

Review of the book «Cerebral angioneurology» in 2 volumes, prepared by a team of authors: Skoromets A.A., Amelin A.V., Barantsevich E.R., Voznyuk I.A., Skoromets A.P., Skoromets T.A., Sorokoumov V.A., Shuleshova N.V., under the general editorship of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Yu.A. Shcherbuk

2025-06-10

L. R. Akhmadeeva | Russian neurological Journal

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