Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science

Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse

Works Count: 28546

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This cluster of papers focuses on the phenomenon of maternal filicide and infanticide, exploring topics such as the characteristics of perpetrators, risk factors including mental illness and denial of pregnancy, gender differences, and strategies for prevention. The research also delves into the epidemiology of child homicide, particularly in the context of homicide-suicide events.

Keywords

Maternal Filicide; Infanticide; Homicide-Suicide; Denial of Pregnancy; Mental Illness; Child Homicide; Risk Factors; Gender Differences; Prevention Strategies; Epidemiology

VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS

1987-01-01

JohnR. Hamilton

Suicide and Attempted Suicide

1956-10-06

E. Stengel

Suicide and attempted suicide , Suicide and attempted suicide , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران Suicide and attempted suicide , Suicide and attempted suicide , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران

Can we abandon Naegele's rule?

1991-03-01

Nigel J. Saunders

Violence against children: Physical child abuse in the United States

1971-10-01

Ray E. Helfer

Interpretation of ecological data

2010-09-30

Daniel Vincent Riordan , Cameron Stark

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Beating the Devil Out of Them: Corporal Punishment in American Families.

1996-12-01

M. Hutter , Murray A. Straus

Spanking has long been a standard method of punishment in homes around the world. Also while there has always been some concern raises about whether or not it is an … Spanking has long been a standard method of punishment in homes around the world. Also while there has always been some concern raises about whether or not it is an acceptable form of discipline, until now, no-one has made a scientific link between spanking and violent behaviour in adults who were spanked as children. The work of Murray Straus indicates that spanking is indeed a form of violence, and that such treatment not only adversely affects the children who experience it, but society as a whole. Straus here argues that corporal punishment is a factor in many conduct disorders, from attacks on siblings to juvenile deliquency, wife beatings and other crimes. Further, he demonstrates that putting an end to such punishment is one of the most important steps that can be taken in our quest for a less violent world.

Wife battering: a preliminary survey of 100 cases.

1975-01-25

J. J. Gayford

One hundred battered wives were interviewed. All had bruising, often together with other injuries, such as lacerations and fractures, There was a high incidence of violence in the family histories … One hundred battered wives were interviewed. All had bruising, often together with other injuries, such as lacerations and fractures, There was a high incidence of violence in the family histories of both partners, and of drunkeness and previous imprisonment among the husbands. Netherless, both husbands and wives had wide range of educational achievements. Mmost wives were subjected to repeated violence because they had no alternative but to return to the marital home; There was an association between wife battering and child abuse. Places of sanctuary are needed where a woman can take her children when violence is out of control.

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Infanticide among animals: A review, classification, and examination of the implications for the reproductive strategies of females

1979-10-01

Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

Behind Closed Doors: Violence in the American Family.

1982-07-01

James Boudouris , Murray A. Straus , Richard J. Gelles +1 more

The marriage license as a hitting license, child abuse, sibling war is the powerful message of Behind Closed Doors. The book is grounded in the unprecedented national survey of the … The marriage license as a hitting license, child abuse, sibling war is the powerful message of Behind Closed Doors. The book is grounded in the unprecedented national survey of the extent, patterns, and causes of violence in the American family. Based on a seven-year study of over 2,000 families, the authors provide landmark insights into this phenomenon of violence and what causes Americans to inflict it on their family members. The authors explore the relationship between spousal abuse and child abuse as well as abuse between siblings, violence by children against their parents, and the causes and effects of verbal abuse. Taken together, their analysis provides a vivid picture of how violence is woven into the fabric of family life and why the hallmark of family life is both love and violence. This is a comprehensive, highly readable account of interest to both the professional and the lay-person on an important topic, which concerns the social well-being of us all.

Patterns in Criminal Homicide

1960-03-01

Virgil W. Peterson , Marvin E. Wolfgang

Murder of the Newborn: A Psychiatric Review of Neonaticide

1970-04-01

Phillip J. Resnick

The author believes that the killing of a newborn baby is a separate entity from other filicides, differing in regard to the diagnosis, motives, and legal disposition of the murderer. … The author believes that the killing of a newborn baby is a separate entity from other filicides, differing in regard to the diagnosis, motives, and legal disposition of the murderer. Whereas most filicides are committed for "altruistic" reasons, most neonaticides are carried out simply because the child is not wanted. The author notes the different psychological characterisctics of mothers who commit these two crimes. Legal considerations and the present status of neonaticide are also discussed.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Global Study on Homicide: Trends, Context, Data. Vienna: UNODC; 2011

2012-11-21

Everardo Duarte Nunes

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The Epidemiology of Murder-Suicide

1992-06-17

Peter M. Marzuk

To review the epidemiology, patterns, and major determinants of murder-suicide and to discuss the clinical and research strategies for identifying the individuals at greatest risk for this type of violence.Data … To review the epidemiology, patterns, and major determinants of murder-suicide and to discuss the clinical and research strategies for identifying the individuals at greatest risk for this type of violence.Data were obtained from English-language articles based on searches using MEDLINE (from 1966), PsychINFO (from 1967), and EMBASE (from 1974) programs. In addition, relevant articles, books, and monographs identified from the reference list of retrieved articles were reviewed.Case-control studies, descriptive epidemiologic surveys, and case series were chosen for review.Because of the limited scope of the pertinent research literature, all data relevant to the incidence, demographics, circumstances, and precipitants of murder-suicide were summarized by the authors.Murder-suicide occurs with an annual incidence of 0.2 to 0.3 per 100,000 person-years and accounts for approximately 1000 to 1500 deaths yearly in the United States. The annual incidence of these events is relatively constant across industrialized nations and has not significantly changed over several decades. The principal perpetrators are young males with intense sexual jealousy, depressed mothers, or despairing elderly men with ailing spouses. The principal victims are female sexual partners or consanguineous relatives, usually young children. Clinical depression, specific motivations such as male sexual proprietariness or maternal salvation fantasies, and a history of previous suicide attempts are important in explaining underlying psychopathological mechanisms.Murder-suicide occupies a distinct epidemiological domain that overlaps with suicide, domestic homicide, and mass murder. These events may be categorized into one of only several phenomenologic typologies that share similar demographics, motivations, and circumstances. Despite the disruption of families and communities caused by murder-suicide, there are no standardized operational definitions, validated taxonomic systems, or national surveillance networks for these events, all of which are needed to develop prevention strategies.

Child Murder by Parents: A Psychiatric Review of Filicide

1969-09-01

Phillip J. Resnick

The author reviews 131 cases of child murder and proposes a new classification of filicide by apparent motive: altruistic, acutely psychotic, unwanted child, accidental, and spouse revenge. The high frequency … The author reviews 131 cases of child murder and proposes a new classification of filicide by apparent motive: altruistic, acutely psychotic, unwanted child, accidental, and spouse revenge. The high frequency of altruistic motives distinguishes filicide from other homicides. The psychodynamics of the filicidal impulse are explored: displacement of the murderer's original aggression from his parents, spouse, or sibling is documented. The author offers some considerations for prevention.

The measurment of the cognitive distortions of child molesters

1989-01-01

Gene G. Abel , David K. Gore , Clarence L. Holland +3 more

Risk Factors for Infant Homicide in the United States

1998-10-22

Mary D. Overpeck , Ruth A. Brenner , Ann C. Trumble +2 more

Homicide is the leading cause of infant deaths due to injury. More than 80 percent of infant homicides are considered to be fatal child abuse. This study assessed the timing … Homicide is the leading cause of infant deaths due to injury. More than 80 percent of infant homicides are considered to be fatal child abuse. This study assessed the timing of deaths and risk factors for infant homicide.Using linked birth and death certificates for all births in the U.S. between 1983 and 1991, we identified 2776 homicides occurring during the first year of life. Birth-certificate variables were reviewed in both bivariate and multivariate stratified analyses. Variables potentially predictive of homicide were selected on the basis of increased relative risks among subcategories with adequate numbers for stable estimates.Half the homicides occurred by the fourth month of life. The most important risk factors were a second or subsequent infant born to a mother less than 17 years old (relative risk, 10.9) or 17 to 19 years old (relative risk, 9.3), as compared with a first infant born to a mother 25 years old or older; a maternal age of less than 15 years, as compared with an age of at least 25 years (relative risk, 6.8); no prenatal care as compared with early prenatal care (relative risk, 10.4); and less than 12 years of education among mothers who were at least 17 years old (relative risk, 8.0), as compared with 16 or more years of education.Childbearing at an early age was strongly associated with infant homicide, particularly if the mother had given birth previously. Our findings may have implications for prevention.

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Medicine and Patriarchal Violence: The Social Construction of a “Private” Event

1979-07-01

Evan Stark , Anne Flitcraft , William H. Frazier

Our objectives are to describe the pattern of abuse associated with battering and to evaluate the contribution of the medical system and of broader social forces to its emergence. A … Our objectives are to describe the pattern of abuse associated with battering and to evaluate the contribution of the medical system and of broader social forces to its emergence. A pilot study of 481 women who used the emergency service of a large metropolitan hospital in the U.S. shows that battering includes a history of self-abuse and psychosocial problems, as well as repeated and escalating physical injury. In addition, although the number of battered women using the service is 10 times higher than medical personnel identify, the pattern of abuse that constitutes battering emerges only after its initial effects are presented and in conjunction with specific medical interventions and referrals. Examination of intervention and referral patterns suggests a staging process by which battering is socially constructed. At first, the physical trauma associated with abuse is medicated symptomatically. But the patient's persistence, the failure of the cure, and the incongruity between her problems and available medical explanations lead the provider to label the abused woman in ways that suggest she is personally responsible for her victimization. Although secondary problems such as depression, drug abuse, suicide attempts, or alcoholism derive as much from the intervention strategy adopted as from physical assault or psychopathology, they are treated as the primary problems at psychiatric and social service referral points where family maintenance is often the therapeutic goal. One consequence of this referral strategy is the stabilization of “violent families” in ways that virtually insure women will be abused in systematic and arbitrary ways. The use of patriarchal logic by medical providers ostensibly responding to physical trauma has less to do with individual “sexism” than with the political and economic constraints under which medicine operates as part of an “extended patriarchy.” Medicine's role in battering suggests that the services function to reconstitute the “private” world of patriarchal authority, with violence if necessary, against demands to socialize the labors of love.

Intimate Partner Homicide

2007-06-27

Jacquelyn C. Campbell , Nancy Glass , Phyllis Sharps +2 more

Current rates of intimate partner homicide of females are approximately 4 to 5 times the rate for male victims, although the rates for both have decreased during the past 25 … Current rates of intimate partner homicide of females are approximately 4 to 5 times the rate for male victims, although the rates for both have decreased during the past 25 years. The major risk factor for intimate partner homicide, no matter if a female or male partner is killed, is prior domestic violence. This review presents and critiques the evidence supporting the other major risk factors for intimate partner homicide in general, and for intimate partner homicide of women (femicide) in particular, namely guns, estrangement, stepchild in the home, forced sex, threats to kill, and nonfatal strangulation (choking). The demographic risk factors are also examined and the related phenomena of pregnancy-related homicide, attempted femicide, and intimate partner homicide-suicide

Developmental antecedents of partner abuse: A prospective-longitudinal study.

1998-01-01

Lynn Magdol , Terrie E. Moffitt , Avshalom Caspi +1 more

Prospective measures of risk factors for partner abuse were obtained from a large birth cohort in 4 domains: socioeconomic resources, family relations, educational achievements, and problem behaviors. Partner abuse outcomes … Prospective measures of risk factors for partner abuse were obtained from a large birth cohort in 4 domains: socioeconomic resources, family relations, educational achievements, and problem behaviors. Partner abuse outcomes were measured at age 21. Results showed that antecedents of abuse included risk factors from all 4 domains. Risk factors were similar for men and women. Some age 3 antecedents were significant, but the strongest correlations were from age 15. In multivariate analyses, the most consistent predictor was the presence of early problem behaviors. In a cross-validation tests, abuse was moderately predictable by the same antecedents, whether the outcome measure was self-report or reports from partners of sample members. Findings suggest that theories of partner abuse should account for developmental influences from multiple life domains and that primary prevention of partner abuse should begin in adolescence.

Childhood physical and sexual abuse and lifetime number of suicide attempts: A persistent and theoretically important relationship

2006-06-13

Thomas E. Joiner , Natalie Sachs‐Ericsson , LaRicka R. Wingate +3 more

Women who Kill their Children

1979-06-01

P. T. dʼOrbán

During a 6 year period (1970-75) 89 women charged with the killing or attempted murder of their children were examined in a female remand prison. Six types of maternal filicide … During a 6 year period (1970-75) 89 women charged with the killing or attempted murder of their children were examined in a female remand prison. Six types of maternal filicide were distinguished: battering mothers (36 cases), mentally ill mothers (24 cases), neonaticides (11 cases), retaliating mothers (9 cases), women who killed unwanted children (8 cases) and mercy killing (1 case). Types of filicide were compared on a number of social and psychiatric characteristics and on their offence patterns and court disposals. The operation of the Infanticide Act is discussed in the light of these findings.

Amenorrhoea Traumatica (Atretica)

1948-02-01

Joseph G. Asherman

The Protection of Children: State Intervention and Family Life.

1986-03-01

Barrie Thorne , Robert Dingwall , John Eekelaar +1 more

This book is based on the most extensive investigation of child abuse and neglect ever carried out in Great Britain. The author followed the course of numerous cases from the … This book is based on the most extensive investigation of child abuse and neglect ever carried out in Great Britain. The author followed the course of numerous cases from the first detection of ill-treatment to the resolution (or otherwise) of the problem.

Battered and pregnant: a prevalence study.

1987-10-01

Anne Stewart Helton , J McFarlane , Elizabeth T. Anderson

We interviewed 290 pregnant women randomly selected from public and private prenatal clinics, 80 per cent of whom were at least five months pregnant (ages 18-43, 42 per cent Latino, … We interviewed 290 pregnant women randomly selected from public and private prenatal clinics, 80 per cent of whom were at least five months pregnant (ages 18-43, 42 per cent Latino, 22 per cent Black). Twenty-four women reported physical battering during this pregnancy (44 reported physical battering before the current pregnancy). Eight of the 24 pregnant women had sought medical treatment for injuries sustained; none reported having been assessed by prenatal care providers for abuse.

Birth Complications Combined With Early Maternal Rejection at Age 1 Year Predispose to Violent Crime at Age 18 Years

1994-12-01

Adrian Raine

<h3>Background:</h3> This study tests the biosocial interaction hypothesis that birth complications when combined with early maternal rejection of the infant predispose to adult violent crime. <h3>Methods:</h3> This hypothesis was tested … <h3>Background:</h3> This study tests the biosocial interaction hypothesis that birth complications when combined with early maternal rejection of the infant predispose to adult violent crime. <h3>Methods:</h3> This hypothesis was tested using a cohort of 4269 consecutive live male births on whom measures of birth complications (age 0), early maternal rejection (age 1 year), and violent crime (age 18 years) were collected. <h3>Results:</h3> A significant interaction (<i>P</i><.0001) between birth complications and early maternal rejection indicated that those who suffered both birth complications and early child rejection were most likely to become violent offenders in adulthood. While only 4.5% of the subjects had both risk factors, this small group accounted for 18% of all violent crimes. The effect was specific to violence and was not observed for nonviolent criminal offending. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that birth complications in combination with early child rejection predispose to violent crime. The findings illustrate the critical importance of integrating biological with social measures to fully understand how violence develops and also suggest that prenatal, perinatal, and early postnatal health care interventions could significantly reduce violence.

Homicides by people with mental illness: myth and reality

1999-01-01

Pamela J. Taylor , John Gunn

Background Tragic and high-profile killings by people with mental illness have been used to suggest that the community care model for mental health services has failed. Aims To consider whether … Background Tragic and high-profile killings by people with mental illness have been used to suggest that the community care model for mental health services has failed. Aims To consider whether such homicides have become more frequent as psychiatric services have changed. Method Data were extracted from Home Office-generated criminal statistics for England and Wales between 1957 and 1995 and subjected to trends analysis. Results There was little fluctuation in numbers of people with a mental illness committing criminal homicide over the 38 years studied, and a 3% annual decline in their contribution to the official statistics. Conclusions There are many reasons for improving the resources and quality of care for people with a mental disorder, but there is no evidence that it is anything but stigmatising to claim that their living in the community is a dangerous experiment that should be reversed. There appears to be some case for specially focused improvement of services for people with a personality disorder and/or substance misuse.

The Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire: a validation

2006-05-03

Ian Brockington , Cait Fraser , Diane Wilson

Child Murder by Mothers: A Critical Analysis of the Current State of Knowledge and a Research Agenda

2005-08-31

Susan Hatters Friedman , Sarah McCue Horwitz , Phillip J. Resnick

OBJECTIVE: Maternal filicide, or child murder by mothers, occurs more frequently in the United States than in other developed nations. However, little is known about factors that confer risk to … OBJECTIVE: Maternal filicide, or child murder by mothers, occurs more frequently in the United States than in other developed nations. However, little is known about factors that confer risk to children. The authors review the literature to identify predictors of maternal filicide and identify gaps in knowledge about maternal filicide. METHOD: Databases were systematically searched for studies of maternal filicide and neonaticide (murder in the first day of life) that were conducted in industrialized countries and were published in peer-reviewed, English-language publications after 1980. RESULTS: Women who committed filicide varied greatly by the type of sample studied. Neonaticide was often committed by young, poor, unmarried women with little or no prenatal care. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the review suggest that little is known about the predictors of maternal filicide and that a systematic, focused program of research on reliable markers for maternal filicide is needed to better prevent these events.

Maternal Infanticide Associated With Mental Illness: Prevention and the Promise of Saved Lives

2004-08-30

Margaret G. Spinelli

Although maternal infanticide is a rare event, a high proportion of cases occurs in the context of postpartum mental illness. The author reviews historical, legislative, and contemporary psychiatric perspectives on … Although maternal infanticide is a rare event, a high proportion of cases occurs in the context of postpartum mental illness. The author reviews historical, legislative, and contemporary psychiatric perspectives on infanticide and discusses ways in which the psychiatric community can improve prevention of infanticide and promote appropriate treatment of mentally ill women who commit infanticide.The case of Texas v. Andrea Yates, involving a mother with mental illness who drowned her five children, is used to illustrate society's complicated reactions to infanticide in the context of postpartum mental illness.In the United States, the complexity of the response to infanticide is demonstrated by the judicial system's reaction to such cases. Whereas England's Infanticide Law provides probation and mandates psychiatric treatment for mothers with mental illness who commit infanticide, "killer mothers" may face the death penalty in the United States. Contemporary neuroscientific findings support the position that a woman with postpartum psychosis who commits infanticide needs treatment rather than punishment and that appropriate treatment will deter her from killing again. Psychiatrists have a vital role in recognizing the signs and symptoms of peripartum psychiatric disorders, particularly postpartum psychosis, and in early identification of and intervention with at-risk mothers.The absence of formal DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for postpartum psychiatric disorders promotes disparate treatment under the law. The psychiatric community should develop guidelines for the treatment of postpartum disorders, foster sharing of knowledge between psychiatry and the law, and do more to enlighten society about the effects of mental illness on thought and behavior so that decisions about the treatment and punishment of mentally ill persons will not be left exclusively in the hands of the judicial system.

Child abuse and neglect: The myth of classlessness.

1978-10-01

Leroy H. Pelton

Increasingly, professional and public media are promulgating the belief that the problems of child abuse and neglect are broadly distributed throughout society, suggesting that their frequency and severity are unrelated … Increasingly, professional and public media are promulgating the belief that the problems of child abuse and neglect are broadly distributed throughout society, suggesting that their frequency and severity are unrelated to socioeconomic class. This paper argues that this belief is not supported by the evidence, and that its perpetuation serves to divert attention from the nature of the problems.

Child abuse trauma: theory and treatment of the lasting effects

1993-06-01

Foreword - Lucy Berliner Preface - David Finkelhor Introduction PART ONE: INCIDENCE OF CHILD ABUSE Type and Forms of Child Maltreatment PART TWO: THE LONG-TERM IMPACTS OF CHILD ABUSE: INTEGRATION … Foreword - Lucy Berliner Preface - David Finkelhor Introduction PART ONE: INCIDENCE OF CHILD ABUSE Type and Forms of Child Maltreatment PART TWO: THE LONG-TERM IMPACTS OF CHILD ABUSE: INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH AND THEORY Long-Term Impacts of Child Abuse I Psychological Responses Long-Term Impacts of Child Abuse II Behaviors and Relationships PART THREE: EXPLORING THE SOLUTION: ABUSE-FOCUSED PSYCHOTHERAPY Philosophy of Treatment Parameters of Treatment I Process Issues Parameters of Treatment II Intervention Approaches Special Issues in Abuse-Focused Therapy Summary Appendix The Child Maltreatment Interview Schedule

Child Abuse and Neglect: The Family and the Community

1977-07-01

Joseph Fischhoff

Violence Against Children

2014-01-01

Dominika Gil

Homicide Trends in the United States

2004-01-01

A J Klebba

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Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives

1985-07-01

Mark V. Flinn , Glenn Hausfater , Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

Incidence of Early Loss of Pregnancy

1988-07-28

Allen J. Wilcox , Clarice R. Weinberg , John F. O’Connor +5 more

We studied the risk of early loss of pregnancy by collecting daily urine specimens from 221 healthy women who were attempting to conceive. Urinary concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) … We studied the risk of early loss of pregnancy by collecting daily urine specimens from 221 healthy women who were attempting to conceive. Urinary concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were measured for a total of 707 menstrual cycles with use of an immunoradiometric assay that is able to detect hCG levels as low as 0.01 ng per milliliter, with virtually 100 percent specificity for hCG in the presence of luteinizing hormone. Our criterion for early pregnancy — an hCG level above 0.025 ng per milliliter on three consecutive days — was determined after we compared the hCG levels in the study group with the levels in a comparable group of 28 women who had undergone sterilization by tubal ligation. We identified 198 pregnancies by an increase in the hCG level near the expected time of implantation. Of these, 22 percent ended before pregnancy was detected clinically. Most of these early pregnancy losses would not have been detectable by the less sensitive assays for hCG used in earlier studies. The total rate of pregnancy loss after implantation, including clinically recognized spontaneous abortions, was 31 percent. Most of the 40 women with unrecognized early pregnancy losses had normal fertility, since 95 percent of them subsequently became clinically pregnant within two years. (N Engl J Med 1988; 319:189–94.)

Gun Ownership as a Risk Factor for Homicide in the Home

1993-10-07

Arthur L. Kellermann , Frederick P. Rivara , Norman B. Rushforth +7 more

It is unknown whether keeping a firearm in the home confers protection against crime or, instead, increases the risk of violent crime in the home. To study risk factors for … It is unknown whether keeping a firearm in the home confers protection against crime or, instead, increases the risk of violent crime in the home. To study risk factors for homicide in the home, we identified homicides occurring in the homes of victims in three metropolitan counties.

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Termination of Pregnancy on Psychiatric Grounds

1964-12-01

C W GRAHAM-STEWART

Father–daughter incest.

1981-02-01

Judith Lewis Herman

Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice

2019-02-01

Thea Brown , Samantha Bricknell , Willow Bryant +3 more

Filicide is the killing of a child by a parent or parent equivalent. Between 2000-01 and 2011-12, there were 238 incidents of filicide in Australia involving the death of 284 … Filicide is the killing of a child by a parent or parent equivalent. Between 2000-01 and 2011-12, there were 238 incidents of filicide in Australia involving the death of 284 children. This paper examines the characteristics of custodial parents, non-custodial parents and step-parents charged with the murder or manslaughter of their children. Offender circumstances and characteristics differed according to the offender's gender and custodial relationship with the victim. As filicide is difficult to predict, intervention strategies should focus on families with multiple risk factors and address the needs of parents as well as those of children at risk.

Dangerous Motherhood

2004-01-01

Hilary Marland

Biobehavioral Organization in Securely and Insecurely Attached Infants

1993-10-01

Gottfried Spangler , Klaus E. Grossmann

Patterns in Criminal Homicide

1958-12-31

Marvin E. Wolfgang

Restorative Justice and Family Violence

2002-01-01

Heather Strang , John Braithwaite

1. Restorative justice and family violence John Braitwaite and Heather Strang 2. Restorative values and confronting family violence Kay Pranis 3. Domestic violence and women's safety: feminist challenges to restorative … 1. Restorative justice and family violence John Braitwaite and Heather Strang 2. Restorative values and confronting family violence Kay Pranis 3. Domestic violence and women's safety: feminist challenges to restorative justice Julie Stubbs 4. Sexual assault and restorative justice Kathleen Daly 5. Children and family violence: restorative messages from New Zealand Allison Morris 6. Feminist praxi: making family group conferencing work Joan Pennell and Gail Burford 7. Transformative justice: anti-subordination processes in cases of domestic violence Donna Coker 8. Balance in the response to family violence: challenging restorative principles Gordon Bazemore and Twila Hugley Earle 9. Lessons from the mediation obsession: ensuring that sentencing 'alternatives' focus on indigenous self-determination Larissa Behrendt 10. Restorative justice and Aboriginal family violence: opening a space for healing Harry Blagg 11. Using restorative justice processes in developing ways of addressing family violence in Aboriginal communities Loretta Kelly 12. Domestic violence and restorative justice initiatives: who pays if we get it wrong? Ruth Busch.

A Study on Indirect Physical Force and the Legal Concept of Assault in Criminal Law

2025-06-18

Jongsoo Lee | The Justice

THE AFFECT OF PREGNANCY AS A CIRCUMSTANCE EXCLUDING CRIMINAL LIABILITY: REFLECTION OF F. M. DOSTOEVSKY'S IDEA OF «THE KORNILOVA CASE»

2025-06-18

Aleksandr Cygankov , Maxim Strebkov | Man crime and punishment

The purpose of the article is to study the so-called affect of pregnancy, which, according to the authors, can serve as a basis for excluding criminal liability. The article examines … The purpose of the article is to study the so-called affect of pregnancy, which, according to the authors, can serve as a basis for excluding criminal liability. The article examines the legal nature of the affect of pregnancy as a criminal legal concept, analyzes the possibility of mental disorders in pregnant women, and the impact of such a condition on human behavior. A high-profile criminal case from Russian history, which was made public by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, is being considered as a practical retrospective case. In his work, the famous Russian writer examines the totality of factors taken into account by the court when making a specific court decision. Based on the studied literature and the work of Fyodor Mikhailovich and taking into account the described precedent, the authors propose to implement pregnancy of a person into criminal legislation as a circumstance excluding criminality of the act, and provide a possible list of conditions under which such an exception is possible when committing certain crimes.

From Caring to Killing: A Typology of Homicides and Homicide–Suicides Perpetrated by Caregivers

2025-06-16

Siobhan O’Dwyer , Charlotte Bishop , Rachel Gimson +3 more | Social Sciences

In the news media, there are regular reports of family caregivers killing the people for whom they care, but scholarly research on this phenomenon is fragmented, and there has been … In the news media, there are regular reports of family caregivers killing the people for whom they care, but scholarly research on this phenomenon is fragmented, and there has been little effort to predict or prevent future deaths. The aim of this study was to develop a typology of caregiver-perpetrated homicides that could provide a framework for more rigorous research and targeted responses in policy and practice. Ideal Type Analysis was applied to sixty-four homicides and homicide–suicides perpetrated by family caregivers in England and Wales between January 2015 and December 2019. The cases clustered into seven clear types: Ending Suffering; Genuine Burden of Care; Pre-existing Mental Illness; Neglect; Exploitation; Caregiver as Victim of Domestic Violence, Abuse or Coercive Control; and Caregiver as Perpetrator of Domestic Violence, Abuse, or Coercive Control. Each type was characterised by a distinct motive, context, or course of events leading to the homicide. This is the first typology of homicides and homicide–suicides perpetrated by caregivers. The Caregiver-Perpetrated Homicide Typology challenges previous claims that caregiver-perpetrated homicides are isolated events and provides a framework for the development of evidence-based prediction and prevention initiatives.

Problems in the Implementation of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Martial Law

2025-06-16

Mykola Muzychuk | Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika» Seria Uridicni nauki

The article analyzes the challenges that accompany persons with disabilities in martial law and identifies the difficulties and problems faced by the studied group of society. The national and international … The article analyzes the challenges that accompany persons with disabilities in martial law and identifies the difficulties and problems faced by the studied group of society. The national and international legal regulation of the protection and defense of the rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities is analyzed and it is indicated that, despite the broad regulatory framework, the practical aspect of the implementation of the rights of persons with disabilities has significant gaps that are characteristic of all states. It is motivated that the increase in the number of military acts of aggression, the intensification of armed conflict forms a paradigm of increasing tension, which stimulates international institutions to seek modern effective means of protecting the rights of persons with disabilities, in particular, in this aspect, UN Security Council Resolution No. 2475 (2019) on the protection of persons with disabilities during armed conflict is analyzed. Analysis of statistical data, analytical reports, surveys of public institutions and monitoring reports made it possible to identify the following characteristics of the situation of persons with disabilities in Ukraine: their number is increasing at an extremely rapid pace, which entails additional medical, economic, social, organizational difficulties for state support; persons with disabilities bear an additional excessive burden of military threats compared to the rest of the civilian population; additional discriminatory characteristics significantly exacerbate the negative social situation of persons with disabilities (gender aspects, living in rural areas, age, etc.). A number of serious problems faced by persons with disabilities in terms of accessibility standards have been identified, including environmental access to basic resources and services, which play a key role in protecting persons with disabilities during a crisis. During war, persons with disabilities face particularly serious challenges related to both physical security and access to critical services. Fighting, destruction of infrastructure and evacuation difficulties increase their vulnerability, limiting their access to medical care, psychological support and social services. Keywords: persons with disabilities, humanism, non-discrimination, protection, guarantees of protection, martial law, legal regulation, integration, social situation.

Forensic Analysis of Abortion Trends: A Study of Gestational Data

2025-06-14

Md. Abul Bashar , Sharmin Jahan , Nashat Jabin +2 more | Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research

Background: Abortion is a public health issue. Objective: This study was aimed to assess the pattern of abortion among women in Dhaka city, focusing on demographics, reasons for seeking abortion, … Background: Abortion is a public health issue. Objective: This study was aimed to assess the pattern of abortion among women in Dhaka city, focusing on demographics, reasons for seeking abortion, and the treatment methods utilized. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2024, focusing on 38 women who experienced abortion at a tertiary hospital in Dhaka to assess the pattern of abortion. Utilising a convenient non-probability sampling technique, data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pretested and modified questionnaire designed to meet the study's objectives. Descriptive statistics were calculated to analyze the data. Results: The findings revealed that 31.6% of women completed their Secondary School Certificate and 23.7% had no formal education and 71.1% identified as housewives. Gravida status showed diversity in reproductive experiences, with 34.2% having three pregnancies. Alarmingly, 63.2% categorised their pregnancies as unwanted. Only 21.1% reported using contraception. Treatment methods predominantly included Dilation and Curettage (50%). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study underscores the urgent need for enhanced reproductive health education and resources to empower individuals to make informed decisions and reduce unwanted pregnancies. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, January 2024;11(1):3-7

Stepped care approach to filicides in Hong Kong

2025-06-13

KL Hon , Chy Chan , Karen Ka Yan Leung +2 more | Hong Kong Medical Journal

Children co-victims of intimate partner homicide: the first 72 decisive hours

2025-06-05

Nathalie Prieto , Karine Zurcher , Laurent Guyot +6 more | Frontiers in Public Health

In intimate partner homicides, children are confronted with multiple losses and become simultaneously a victim and the child of a murderer. These homicides have a very negative effects of these … In intimate partner homicides, children are confronted with multiple losses and become simultaneously a victim and the child of a murderer. These homicides have a very negative effects of these tragedies on these children There is a need to provide them early care, and this requires straightforward guidelines. The objective is to assess the feasibility of implementing such a feminicide protocol and to discuss, point-by-point, the difficulties of their application. It includes a series of 17 steps, from the commission of the offense to the end of 72 h hospitalization. Data regarding the completion of steps was to be collected for each of these situations. During the study period there were 4 intimate partner homicides; these involved 14 children. Overall, the protocol criteria were applied at a rate of 88.6%, 9/17 criteria where applied for each child. However, certain provisions, including a shorter duration of hospitalization, the absence of personal belongings, the lack of hearing the child witnesses and, above all, the restriction of visiting rights during hospitalization, are worth noting. Operational deviations of the protocol from the theoretical version are discussed. The present study reported encouraging results concerning the feasibility of the “femicide protocol” with the co-victim children, but the discrepancies between the protocol and the implementations reported in that study require to reflect about optimizations of the protocol and their potential influence on children’s wellbeing. The recent extension of the protocol in the French national territory will provide the professionals concerned with opportunities to solve the remaining challenges.

Psychological mechanisms of revenge and revenge ideations in family homicide: results from qualitative research of forensic assessment reports

2025-06-05

Leonie H. Grobbink , K.M.L. Huijbregts , Stasja Draisma +2 more | BMC Psychiatry

Trauma utraty dziecka: doświadczenia rodziców po stracie dziecka w wyniku chorób letalnych i samobójstw

2025-06-04

Danuta Sowińska , Aleksandra Mariola Kołecka | Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze

Proces żałoby, rozumiany jako naturalna i adaptacyjna reakcja człowieka na stratę, w przypadku rodziców, którzy utracili dziecko, nabiera specyficznego wymiaru emocjonalnego i społecznego. Trauma związana z taką stratą często prowadzi … Proces żałoby, rozumiany jako naturalna i adaptacyjna reakcja człowieka na stratę, w przypadku rodziców, którzy utracili dziecko, nabiera specyficznego wymiaru emocjonalnego i społecznego. Trauma związana z taką stratą często prowadzi do kryzysu psychologicznego, załamania równowagi rodzinnej oraz zwiększa ryzyko rozwoju zaburzeń psychicznych, takich jak PTSD. Zrozumienie mechanizmów tego procesu oraz jego wpływu na funkcjonowanie rodziny dzieci z chorobami letalnymi jest kluczowe dla opracowania skutecznych strategii wsparcia psychologicznego i terapeutycznego zarówno dla rodziców, jak i dla całego systemu rodzinnego. Śmierć samobójcza dziecka wiąże się z dodatkowymi, głębokimi emocjonalnymi i psychologicznymi konsekwencjami, takimi jak skomplikowana żałoba i myśli samobójcze. Czynnikami potęgującymi objawy PTSD w przypadku śmierci samobójczej dziecka są nagłość zdarzenia, społeczna stygmatyzacja oraz poczucie wstydu i izolacji społecznej. Te sytuacyjne i społeczne aspekty mogą prowadzić do eskalacji problemów psychologicznych i nasilenia objawów PTSD u rodziców. Autorki tekstu podejmują temat traumy utraty dziecka z uwagi na swoje doświadczenie zawodowe i badawcze.

Maternal Filicide and Suicide of the Mother: An Autopsy-based Case Report

2025-06-02

Arijit Datta , William Cox , Srushti Shukla +4 more | Annals of African Medicine

Abstract Filicide refers to an act in which a parent kills their child. It is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon observed globally. Despite widespread occurrence, the psychodynamics of filicides remain … Abstract Filicide refers to an act in which a parent kills their child. It is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon observed globally. Despite widespread occurrence, the psychodynamics of filicides remain largely unexplored. Several aspects of this phenomenon are not always found in medical textbooks or journals. This case report intends to contribute to the patterns and findings of maternal filicides. Herein, we present a case of maternal filicide followed by suicide in a state in India. The mother smothered her son using a pillow before taking her own life. Therefore, the cause of death for both the mother and her child was associated with asphyxiation. This case emphasizes the integration of autopsy findings, crime scene analysis, and psychological evaluation of the deceased mental state before death for determining the cause and manner of death in these cases. Fibers obtained from the child’s body on analysis matched with a pillow found at the crime scene. The presence of a suicide note provided a great insight into the mother’s psychological state in this case. It is our opinion that reporting these events that occurred within the family leads us to understand the motivations and warning signs of maternal filicide and could prove beneficial in the pursuit of preventive child protection measures, as well as help provide early mental health intervention aside from aiding in the investigation into the cause and manner of such deaths.

Mehr Drogennotfälle bei Babyboomern

2025-06-01

Beate Schumacher | MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin

Miss R – Testosterone Secreting Tumour, Gender Incongruence or Munchausen’s Syndrome? A Case Report

2025-06-01

Hannah Pasha Memon , Sadia Jabeen | BJPsych Open

Aims: Gender variance is a prevalent yet complex phenomenon that continues to generate significant academic and clinical interest. Historically, the diagnosis of Gender Identity Disorder was classified under Mental and … Aims: Gender variance is a prevalent yet complex phenomenon that continues to generate significant academic and clinical interest. Historically, the diagnosis of Gender Identity Disorder was classified under Mental and Behavioural Disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). This has since been revised to 'Gender Incongruence’ and relocated to the Conditions Related to Sexual Health section in ICD–11. Despite these advancements, the psychopathology of individuals experiencing distress related to gender incongruence remains insufficiently understood. Countries like Pakistan where sex reassignment procedures are illegal, provide a unique lens through which to explore the psychological experiences of individuals with gender incongruence. Methods: This report details the case of a 20-year-old woman who presented with a testosterone-secreting tumour. Previously identifying and living as a heterosexual female, she reported experiencing homosexual encounters, emotional distress, confusion regarding her gender identity, and an increasing openness to adopting a male identity. Despite surgical interventions, her testosterone levels initially remained elevated and later surged, leading to a diagnosis of Munchausen’s Syndrome (Factitious Disorder). Results: Munchausen’s Syndrome/Factitious Disorder: Munchausen’s syndrome involves intentional fabrication or induction of illness without external rewards, distinguishing it from malingering. Features include inconsistencies in patient history, overdramatic presentations, and willingness to undergo invasive procedures. While Ms R’s case lacked some typical features, her persistence in seeking medical attention and willingness to undergo surgical procedures supported the diagnosis. Gender Incongruence: ICD–11 defines Gender Incongruence as persistent mismatch between experienced gender and assigned sex, often prompting medical interventions. In Pakistan, gender incongruence is stigmatized, compounded by legal prohibitions against homosexuality. Ms R’s case highlights the cultural and psychological conflicts arising from these societal pressures. Psychodynamic Considerations: Ms R’s actions may have stemmed from a desire for attention and care amidst her challenging personal circumstances. The endocrinology team’s thorough investigation reflects the cultural emphasis on finding biological causes, but the eventual diagnosis strained the doctor–patient relationship, underscoring the complexities of treating such cases in resource-limited settings. Conclusion: This case underscores the complex interplay of gender incongruence and factitious disorder within a restrictive socio-religious context. It highlights the importance of culturally sensitive, multidisciplinary care, the need for further research on gender identity in conservative settings, and deeper exploration of the psycho-dynamic relationships between patients and healthcare providers.

Perinatal Referral and Admission Trends in Leeds Mother and Baby Unit 2023–2024

2025-06-01

Khadeeja Ansar , Gopinath Narayan , John J. Hopwood +1 more | BJPsych Open

Aims: Mother and Baby Units offer specialised treatment to women in the antenatal period from 32 weeks gestation to 12 months postpartum. All referrals are screened for admission suitability. Reasons … Aims: Mother and Baby Units offer specialised treatment to women in the antenatal period from 32 weeks gestation to 12 months postpartum. All referrals are screened for admission suitability. Reasons to reject referrals include absence of serious mental illness and high risk of violence. To analyse relationships between referrals received and accepted admissions regarding clinical and social variables, including deprivation levels, timing of referrals, diagnosis and ethnicity. Methods: Retrospective data collection looking at all referrals to Yorkshire and Humber Mother & Baby Unit between 1 April 2023 and 31 March 2024. Total 129 referrals. Patient records were used for data collection. Results: Deprivation decile: Most referrals were from the most deprived decile (35%). Least from the least deprived decile (3%). Of the most deprived decile referrals, 86% were accepted. All from least deprived decile were accepted. Ethnicity: Most referrals were white British (71%), then Asian/Asian British (13%), then black/black British (6%). Least were ‘other ethnic group’ (4%). 6% had no ethnicity stated. Of the referrals for white British ethnicity, 87% were accepted. For Asian/Asian British ethnicity, 94% were accepted. For black/black British ethnicity, 71% were accepted. For other ethnic group, 40% were accepted. With no ethnicity stated, 63% were accepted. Diagnosis: Most referrals were for diagnosis of Psychotic Disorder (46%), followed by Mood Disorder (33%), Multiple (10%), Other (7%), and least for Anxiety Disorders (4%). Of referrals for Psychotic Disorder, 88% were accepted. Mood Disorder, 90% were accepted. Multiple, 53% were accepted. Other, 66% were accepted. Anxiety Disorders, 80% were accepted. Time of Referral: For point of referral in perinatal timeline, most referrals were between 2–12 weeks postpartum (36%), then 12+ weeks postpartum (32%), 0–2 weeks postpartum (20%), and least from pregnancy (12%). At 2–12 weeks postpartum, 85% were accepted. At 12+ weeks postpartum, 88% were accepted. At 0–2 weeks postpartum, 96% were accepted. During pregnancy, 47% were accepted. Conclusion: The data highlighted discrepancies in number of referrals received from different deprivation decile areas and ethnicities, significantly higher from more deprived areas and higher number of referrals for white British ethnicity patients. The acceptance proportion was higher in less deprived areas, this could be due to significant difference in number of referrals. The acceptance proportion for different ethnicities were fairly in the same range. Targeted interventions to promote awareness could improve equitable access.

The evolution of the age of criminal liability of minors

2025-06-01

Liana-Georgiana Marin | Studia Universitatis Moldaviae Seria Stiinte Sociale

The age of criminal responsibility is crucial in criminal law, affecting both the protection of minors and the application of sanctions. Romania and Moldova have adjusted their laws based on … The age of criminal responsibility is crucial in criminal law, affecting both the protection of minors and the application of sanctions. Romania and Moldova have adjusted their laws based on social changes and international norms. In Romania, minors under 14 are not criminally responsible, those aged 14-16 can be held accountable only if proven to have discernment, while those over 16 are presumed to have it. In Moldova, criminal responsibility starts at 16, except for serious offenses, where it begins at 14. International standards, such as the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, highlight the importance of protecting and reintegrating minors. Across Europe, there is a trend toward increasing the age of criminal responsibility and developing specialized juvenile justice systems, ensuring sanctions consider minors' psychological and emotional maturity.

The criminalization of pregnancy before and after Dobbs

2025-05-29

Grace E. Howard | Routledge eBooks

Importância do enfermeiro frente à prevenção da violência obstétrica

2025-05-27

Fernanda Santos de Jesus , Fernanda Silva , Juliana Melo da Silva +4 more

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica sobre violência obstétrica, identificando as intervenções e o papel do enfermeiro na prevenção desse tipo de violência. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada na … Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica sobre violência obstétrica, identificando as intervenções e o papel do enfermeiro na prevenção desse tipo de violência. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada na BVS, nas bases de dados LILACS e BDENF. Para o levantamento dos estudos foram utilizados os seguintes termos, de acordo com os Descritores em Ciência e Saúde (DECS): “Violência obstétrica” AND “enfermagem”. Foram pesquisados artigos entre os anos de 2018 a 2023. Resultados: Foram utilizados 11 artigos que respondiam à questão norteadora. Foi evidenciado a partir da análise dos artigos a importância da capacitação e medidas de prevenção dos profissionais da enfermagem. Considerações finais: A violência obstétrica é caracterizada pelo processo de desapropriação do corpo feminino e autonomia da mulher, expondo-a a tratamentos desumanizados, procedimentos invasivos desnecessários, uso excessivo de medicamentos, patologização de processos naturais e abuso psicológico. O enfermeiro tem um papel primordial na prevenção da violência obstétrica. Ele deve explicar procedimentos, evitar procedimentos invasivos, ouvir a mulher, promover direito a acompanhante, garantir acesso ao leito, orientar a mulher acerca de seus direitos e sempre se atualizar.

Oficina - Suícidio - Equipe

2025-05-25

Milena Aragão , Júlia Nunes Cardoso , J. P. Santos +1 more

Material com fins psicoeducativos. Material com fins psicoeducativos.

Delusion of Pregnancy in a 64-Year-Old Male: A Case Report

2025-05-20

Vikash Mehan , Martin Wehner , K. Oberdorfer +1 more

This case describes an instance of delusion of pregnancy in an older male. This patient has a past history of schizophrenia and reported the delusion soon after engaging in a … This case describes an instance of delusion of pregnancy in an older male. This patient has a past history of schizophrenia and reported the delusion soon after engaging in a consensual sexual act with another male for the first time. Delusion of pregnancy is a rare disorder, especially among males and older adults. Along with the use of antipsychotic medications, we discuss the approach of using a pregnancy test in a male to aid in reality orientation and dispel the delusion of pregnancy.

Auswirkungen von COVID-19 auf gemeldete Fälle von Kindesmisshandlung

2025-05-20

Soziale Isolation, Arbeitslosigkeit und Lohnkürzungen. Viele dieser Faktoren trugen zu höherem Stress in Familien während der Pandemie bei. Darunter könnte auch die elterliche Erziehung gelitten haben. Im schlimmsten Fall wurden … Soziale Isolation, Arbeitslosigkeit und Lohnkürzungen. Viele dieser Faktoren trugen zu höherem Stress in Familien während der Pandemie bei. Darunter könnte auch die elterliche Erziehung gelitten haben. Im schlimmsten Fall wurden Kinder öfter vernachlässigt oder Opfer von psychischer oder physischer Gewalt. Über ein erhöhtes Risiko von Kindesmisshandlung während COVID-19 wurde viel spekuliert. Valide Aussagen sind jedoch schwer zu finden.

Violence During Pregnancy

2025-05-19

Suresh Jungari

Violence against women in any form is a critical public health concern and a violation of basic human rights. There are an increasing number of studies showing violence against women … Violence against women in any form is a critical public health concern and a violation of basic human rights. There are an increasing number of studies showing violence against women during pregnancy and the severe health consequences for both mother and infant. To better understand this phenomenon, it is critical to look at the evidence on the prevalence of violence during pregnancy (VDP), risk factors, consequences, interventions to reduce VDP, and the healthcare providers’ role in preventing and treating violence survivors. Several complicated factors interplay and facilitate VDP by an intimate partner; the major consequences of VDP impact physical, mental, reproductive, child, and social health. Healthcare providers, social workers, and community health workers play a crucial role in early screening, support, and referral services. While there are methodological limitations and issues related to reporting VDP, there are also remedies for reporting and community-level, individual-level, and hospital-based interventions.

Punishing Pregnancy Loss: Miscarriage Criminalization as an Embodied Carceral Practice

2025-05-17

Robin O’Hanlon

Cartilha Violência Obstétrica

2025-05-16

Heudon Marceu Silva de Moraes , Francisco Robspierre , G Pereira +5 more

A Cartilha Violência Obstétrica foi elaborada pela Liga Acadêmica de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia do Sudoeste do Pará (LAGOSP) em parceria com a Prefeitura Municipal de Altamira. Este trabalho foi orientado … A Cartilha Violência Obstétrica foi elaborada pela Liga Acadêmica de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia do Sudoeste do Pará (LAGOSP) em parceria com a Prefeitura Municipal de Altamira. Este trabalho foi orientado e supervisionado pelo Dr. Heudon Marceu Silva de Moraes, médico Ginecologista e Obstetra pela Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará (CRM 9349/RQE 5071); e revisado pelos professores Tracy Martina Marques Martins, Renan Rocha Granato e Yasmin Silva Sousa.

Kill Me a Son

2025-05-16

A Study on The Impact of Unplanned Pregnancy on Maternal Mental Health

2025-05-15

Maurice Mars , Nirupa Nirupa , Jasmine Kavitha Washington +1 more | Journal of Neonatal Surgery

Unplanned pregnancy can significantly affect a woman's psychological well-being, particularly during the antenatal period. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital to assess the impact … Unplanned pregnancy can significantly affect a woman's psychological well-being, particularly during the antenatal period. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital to assess the impact of unplanned pregnancy on maternal mental health, with a focus on anxiety levels. A total of 56 pregnant women aged 18 years and above with self-reported unplanned pregnancies were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included socio-demographic and obstetric details, pregnancy acceptance, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Statistical analysis revealed that younger age, lower education level, non-healthcare occupation, low socio economic status, and poor pregnancy acceptance were significantly associated with higher anxiety levels (p < 0.05). The findings underscore the need for routine mental health screening and emotional support interventions in antenatal care, especially for women with unplanned pregnancies, to promote maternal well-being and improve pregnancy outcomes.

Chapter 8. “Kids Killing Kids”: Waging a Grassroots War on Crime

2025-05-15

Child Maltreatment 2024 Best Article Award

2025-05-15

Physiological and Psychological Factors in Determining the Criminal Responsibility of Minors

2025-05-14

Yujian Ding

This study explored the impact of physiological and psychological factors on the determination of minors’ criminal responsibility. Studies have shown that the development of adolescent brains lags behind the emotional … This study explored the impact of physiological and psychological factors on the determination of minors’ criminal responsibility. Studies have shown that the development of adolescent brains lags behind the emotional system, making them more likely to make impulsive decisions and increasing the risk of illegal behavior. In addition, psychological maturity is closely related to physiological development, and lack of family support and mental health problems often lead to criminal behavior. In order to more accurately assess the criminal responsibility of minors, this study proposes to establish a dual-track identification model of "physiological + psychological assessment", emphasizing the application of neuroscience and psychology in judicial assessment to optimize the mechanism for determining juvenile criminal responsibility and promote the judicial practice goal of giving equal importance to education and assistance.

Domestic Homicide and Coercive Control

2025-05-14

Amy Elkington

Overspill of Abuse

2025-05-13

Morag C. Kennedy

Violência obstétrica no abortamento: tipificação de relatos de mulheres que tiveram perdas gestacionais em Belo Horizonte - MG entre 2018 e 2021

2025-05-12

Raquel Zanatta Coutinho , F. Guimarães , Michelle Elaine Siqueira Ferreira

Este estudo analisa dados da pesquisa “Percepção das mulheres sobre a assistência obstétrica e suas consequências para a saúde da mulher e da criança em Belo Horizonte”, que coletou depoimentos … Este estudo analisa dados da pesquisa “Percepção das mulheres sobre a assistência obstétrica e suas consequências para a saúde da mulher e da criança em Belo Horizonte”, que coletou depoimentos de 100 mulheres (20 a 47 anos) em processo de abortamento, atendidas em hospitais de Belo Horizonte (Brasil) entre janeiro de 2018 e abril de 2021. Investigou-se a ocorrência de violência obstétrica utilizando a tipificação de Bohren et al. (2015). No Brasil, há garantia de direito à assistência humanizada em todas as etapas do abortamento (diagnóstico, manejo e pós-evento). Contudo, foram encontradas violações categorizadas como: abuso físico; abuso sexual; abuso verbal; estigma e discriminação; falhas no padrão do cuidado profissional; comunicação deficiente entremulher e prestador do serviço; e restrição de serviços. Os resultados podem subsidiar ações de saúde para promover informações corretas, reduzir desigualdades no acesso e melhorar a qualidade do atendimento.

Kontrastive Analyse maschinell generierter Fachtranslate (EN-DE) im Strafrecht

2025-05-06

Wilma Eleonore Castro-Lesching

Abstract This article analyses and compares two texts produced via neural machine translation (NMT). It describes potential problems concerning lexical, syntactical and textual aspects and potential strategies for legal translation … Abstract This article analyses and compares two texts produced via neural machine translation (NMT). It describes potential problems concerning lexical, syntactical and textual aspects and potential strategies for legal translation from English to German with reference to a blog text on criminal law authored by a US law firm. The text is part of the teaching material in a legal translation course of the Master’s program in Multilingual Specialized Communication and Specialized Translation (MA FKÜ) at the Institute of Translation and Multilingual Communication (ITMK) at the TH Köln – University of Applied Sciences. For this purpose, translations produced by DeepL and ChatGPT (more specifically the didactic interface used at the TH Köln, THKI GPT-Lab) are analysed with a focus on specific legal questions and the issue of legal comparison which is fundamental to legal translation. Finally, this comparison leads to a recommendation on the use of these tools.

IMPACTOS PSICOLÓGICOS DA VIOLÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA

2025-05-06

Gabrielle da Silva Baltazar , Gabriele Maria da Silva , Ankilma do Nascimento Andrade Feitosa +2 more

Introdução: A violência obstétrica é uma questão de extrema relevância e envolve uma série de práticas prejudiciais direcionadas às mulheres ao longo de todas as fases da gestação. Essas práticas … Introdução: A violência obstétrica é uma questão de extrema relevância e envolve uma série de práticas prejudiciais direcionadas às mulheres ao longo de todas as fases da gestação. Essas práticas incluem abusos de natureza sexual, física, psicológica e verbal, além de omissões, discriminações e a realização de procedimentos intervencionistas desnecessários. Com frequência, as mulheres têm seus desejos ignorados e expectativas frustradas, vivenciando situações de desconforto, medo, dor e insegurança, o que gera consequências físicas e emocionais negativas. Objetivo: Analisar os impactos psicológicos da violência. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, a qual foi realizada a partir da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, utilizando as bases de dados: BDENF, LILACS e SCIELO, fazendo uso dos seguintes descritores: Parto, Trauma psicológico; Violência obstétrica, associados ao uso do operador booleano AND. Foi conduzida pela pergunta norteadora: Quais os efeitos psicológicos da violência obstétrica a longo prazo? Os critérios de inclusão foram os estudos completos, em português, inglês e espanhol e publicados nos últimos cinco anos. Foram excluídos trabalhos que não atendam aos objetivos específicos do estudo, bem como aqueles que não se enquadraram no período estabelecido. Resultados e discussões: A gestação e o puerpério representam fases de grande sensibilidade emocional, nas quais as mulheres estão mais propensas a desenvolver transtornos psíquicos, como ansiedade e depressão. Essa vulnerabilidade pode ser agravada por experiências traumáticas vividas durante o parto, incluindo a realização de procedimentos invasivos desnecessários e a ausência de acolhimento por parte dos profissionais de saúde. Além disso, é indispensável investir na qualificação contínua das equipes de saúde, capacitando especialmente os enfermeiros para identificar sinais de violência, orientar as mulheres e garantir um cuidado ético e seguro, minimizando os danos à saúde física e mental das pacientes. Conclusão: Conclui-se, portanto, que a violência obstétrica ainda é uma prática recorrente na assistência ao parto em diferentes partes do mundo. Diante disso, é essencial reconhecer o parto como um evento fisiológico e humano, garantir o acesso à informação, fortalecer os direitos sexuais e reprodutivos das mulheres e promover melhorias na qualidade dos serviços de saúde. Essas ações constituem estratégias essenciais para a prevenção e o enfrentamento da violência obstétrica.