Social Sciences Education

Education Systems and Policy

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on vocational education and training in Australia, covering topics such as student retention, workforce skill development, rural and regional education, employment patterns, teacher retention, adult literacy and numeracy, youth labour market, and social partnerships.

Keywords

Vocational Education; Training Pathways; Student Retention; Workforce Skill Development; Rural and Regional Education; Employment Patterns; Teacher Retention; Adult Literacy and Numeracy; Youth Labour Market; Social Partnerships

Acknowledgments 1. Concerted Cultivation and Accomplishment of Natural Growth 2. Social Structure and Daily Life PART I. THE ORGANIZATION OF DAILY LIFE 3. A Hectic Pace of Concerted Cultivation: Garrett … Acknowledgments 1. Concerted Cultivation and Accomplishment of Natural Growth 2. Social Structure and Daily Life PART I. THE ORGANIZATION OF DAILY LIFE 3. A Hectic Pace of Concerted Cultivation: Garrett Tallinger 4. A Child's Pace: Tyrec Taylor 5. Children's Play Is for Children: Katie Brindle PART II. LANGUAGE USE 6. Developing a Child: Alexander Williams 7. Language as a Conduit of Social Life: Harold McAllister PART III. FAMILIES AND INSTITUTIONS 8. Concerted Cultivation in Organizational Spheres: Stacey Marshall 9. Effort Creates Misery: Melanie Handlon 10. Letting Educators Lead Way: Wendy Driver 11. Beating with a Belt, Fearing the School: Little Billy Yanelli 12. The Power and Limits of Social Class Appendix A. Methodology: Enduring Dilemmas in Fieldwork Appendix B. Theory: Understanding Work of Pierre Bourdieu Appendix C. Supporting Tables Notes Bibliography Index
1. Orienting concepts and ways of understanding the cultural nature of human development 2. Development as transformation of participation in cultural activities 3. Individuals, generations and dynamic cultural communities 4. … 1. Orienting concepts and ways of understanding the cultural nature of human development 2. Development as transformation of participation in cultural activities 3. Individuals, generations and dynamic cultural communities 4. Child rearing in families and communities 5. Developmental transitions in individuals' roles in their communities 6. Interdependence and autonomy 7. Thinking with the tools and institutions of culture 8. Learning through guided participation in cultural endeavours 9. Cultural change and relations among communities
The test score gap between blacks and whites—on vocabulary, reading, and math tests, as well as on tests that claim to measure scholastic aptitude and intelligence--is large enough to have … The test score gap between blacks and whites—on vocabulary, reading, and math tests, as well as on tests that claim to measure scholastic aptitude and intelligence--is large enough to have far-reaching social and economic consequences. In their introduction to this book, Christopher Jencks and Meredith Phillips argue that eliminating the disparity would dramatically reduce economic and educational inequality between blacks and whites. Indeed, they think that closing the gap would do more to promote racial equality than any other strategy now under serious discussion. The book offers a comprehensive look at the factors that contribute to the test score gap and discusses options for substantially reducing it. Although significant attempts have been made over the past three decades to shrink the test score gap, including increased funding for predominantly black schools, desegregation of southern schools, and programs to alleviate poverty, the median black American still scores below 75 percent of American whites on most standardized tests. The book brings together recent evidence on some of the most controversial and puzzling aspects of the test score debate, including the role of test bias, heredity, and family background. It also looks at how and why the gap has changed over the past generation, reviews the educational, psychological, and cultural explanations for the gap, and analyzes its educational and economic consequences. The authors demonstrate that traditional explanations account for only a small part of the black-white test score gap. They argue that this is partly because traditional explanations have put too much emphasis on racial disparities in economic resources, both in homes and in schools, and on demographic factors like family structure. They say that successful theories will put more emphasis on psychological and cultural factors, such as the way black and white parents teach their children to deal with things they do not know or understand, and the way black and white children respond to the same classroom experiences. Finally, they call for large-scale experiments to determine the effects of schools' racial mix, class size, ability grouping, and other policies. In addition to the editors, the contributors include Claude Steele, Ronald Ferguson, William G. Bowen, Philip Cook, and William Julius Wilson.
Foreword to the New Edition. Preface. The Author. 1. A Dream Deferred. 2. Does Culture Matter? 3. Seeing Color, Seeing Culture. 4. We Are Family. 5. The Tree of Knowledge. … Foreword to the New Edition. Preface. The Author. 1. A Dream Deferred. 2. Does Culture Matter? 3. Seeing Color, Seeing Culture. 4. We Are Family. 5. The Tree of Knowledge. 6. Culturally Relevant Teaching. 7. Making Dreams into Reality. Afterword. Appendix A: Methodology. Appendix B: Context. Notes. Index. Discussion Questions.
Selected by the American School Board Journal a Must Read book when it was first published and named one of 60 Books of the Century by the University of South … Selected by the American School Board Journal a Must Read book when it was first published and named one of 60 Books of the Century by the University of South Carolina Museum of Education for its influence on American education, this provocative, carefully documented work shows how taking--reflects the class and racial inequalities of American society and helps I perpetuate them. For his new edition, Jennies Oaks has added a new Pre force and two new chapters in which she discusses the tracking wars of the last twenty years.wars in which Keeping hand has played a central role.
Journal Article Tinkering toward Utopia: A Century of Public School Reform. By David Tyack and Larry Cuban. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995. viii, 184 pp. $22.50, ISBN 0-674-89282-8.) Get access … Journal Article Tinkering toward Utopia: A Century of Public School Reform. By David Tyack and Larry Cuban. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995. viii, 184 pp. $22.50, ISBN 0-674-89282-8.) Get access Paul H. Mattingly Paul H. Mattingly New York University, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 83, Issue 1, June 1996, Page 295, https://doi.org/10.2307/2945623 Published: 01 June 1996
Contents: Key to transcripts Introduction. Part I Ethnography: Elements of a culture Class and institutional form of a culture Labour power, culture, class and institution. Part II Analysis: Penetrations Limitations … Contents: Key to transcripts Introduction. Part I Ethnography: Elements of a culture Class and institutional form of a culture Labour power, culture, class and institution. Part II Analysis: Penetrations Limitations The role of ideology Notes towards a theory of cultural forms and social reproduction Monday morning and the millennium. Index.
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsJames S. Coleman The writer is Professor, Department of Social Relations, The Johns‐Hopkins University, and was co‐director of … Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsJames S. Coleman The writer is Professor, Department of Social Relations, The Johns‐Hopkins University, and was co‐director of the U. S. Office of Education Equal Educational Opportunity Study of 1966. His article is based on an address to an in‐service training program attended by teachers in School District 65, Evanston, Illinois, July 8, 1968.
(1992). Funds of knowledge for teaching: Using a qualitative approach to connect homes and classrooms. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 31, Qualitative Issues in Educational Research, pp. 132-141. (1992). Funds of knowledge for teaching: Using a qualitative approach to connect homes and classrooms. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 31, Qualitative Issues in Educational Research, pp. 132-141.
Preface for Third Edition of Racism without Racists Chapter 1: The Strange Enigma of Race in Contemporary America Chapter 2: The Central Frames of Color-Blind Racism Chapter 3: The Style … Preface for Third Edition of Racism without Racists Chapter 1: The Strange Enigma of Race in Contemporary America Chapter 2: The Central Frames of Color-Blind Racism Chapter 3: The Style of Color Blindness: How to Talk Nasty about Minorities without Sounding Racist Chapter 4: I Didn't Get That Job Because of a Black Man: Color-Blind Racism's Racial Stories Chapter 5: Peeking Inside the (White) House of Color Blindness: The Significance of Whites' Segregation Chapter 6: Are All Whites Refined Archie Bunkers? An Examination of White Racial Progressives Chapter 7: Are Blacks Color Blind, Too? Chapter 8: E Pluribus Unum or the Same Old Perfume in a New Bottle? On the Future of Racial Stratification in the United States Chapter 9: Will Racism Disappear in Obamerica? The Sweet (but Deadly) Enchantment of Colorblindness in Black Face Conclusion
The paper presents the results of an extensive and relevant research program "Knowledge Growth in Teaching".Their results show that to teach not only content knowledge is required, in addition a … The paper presents the results of an extensive and relevant research program "Knowledge Growth in Teaching".Their results show that to teach not only content knowledge is required, in addition a "Pedagogical content knowledge" is needed, together with the context knowledge (curricular knowledge).Therefore, in addition to knowledge, teaching well requires understanding.Those who understand, then, teach.
This is a new edition of one of our best-selling textbooks. The authors have thoroughly updated the fourth edition and included more text on current developments in research practice, action … This is a new edition of one of our best-selling textbooks. The authors have thoroughly updated the fourth edition and included more text on current developments in research practice, action research, developments in ICT, questionnaire design, ethnographic research, conducting needs analysis, constructing and using tests, observational methods, reliability and validity, ethical issues and curriculum research.The entire text has been redesigned to cater for the increasingly sophisticated needs of the educational researcher. The new edition is more comprehensive, up-to-date and user-friendly, with increased accessibility. The authors, who are experienced teachers in the field, have produced a better written book (if that's possible) containing readable and realistic views of research and methodology, and show how to interpret the data.
Introduction: Rethinking Learning: What Counts as Learning and What Learning Counts - Judith Green and Allan Luke Chapter 1: Redefining Disciplinary Learning in Classroom Contexts - Michael J. Ford and … Introduction: Rethinking Learning: What Counts as Learning and What Learning Counts - Judith Green and Allan Luke Chapter 1: Redefining Disciplinary Learning in Classroom Contexts - Michael J. Ford and Ellice A. Forman Chapter 2: Cross-National Explorations of Sociocultural Research on Learning - Olga A. Vasquez Chapter 3: Learning in Inclusive Education Research: Re-mediating Theory and Methods With a Transformative Agenda - Alfredo J. Artiles, Elizabeth B. Kozleski, Sherman Dorn, and Carol Christensen Chapter 4: Validity in Educational Assessment - Pamela A. Moss, Brian J. Girard, and Laura C. Haniford Chapter 5: Social, Methodological, and Theoretical Issues Regarding Assessment: Lessons From a Secondary Analysis of PISA 2000 Literacy Tests - Jean-Yves Rochex Chapter 6: Culture and Learning in the Context of Globalization: Research Directions - Wan Shun Eva Lam Chapter 7: Engaging Young People: Learning in Informal Contexts - Jennifer A. Vadeboncoeur Chapter 8: Youth, Technology, and Media Cultures - Julian Sefton-Green
Asrorul Mais , Lailil Aflahkul Yaum | Jurnal Kependidikan Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Kajian Kepustakaan di Bidang Pendidikan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran
Abstract: This study aims to analyze differentiated learning innovations in the context of inclusive education. The main focus is how content, process and product differentiation strategies are implemented to accommodate … Abstract: This study aims to analyze differentiated learning innovations in the context of inclusive education. The main focus is how content, process and product differentiation strategies are implemented to accommodate student diversity and the role of Special Assistance Teachers (GPK) in supporting the learning of students with special needs. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection was carried out through observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Research informants consisted of class teachers, GPK, madrasah principals, students, and parents. The data analysis technique used the Miles & Huberman interactive model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, concluding, and verification. The results of the study showed that content differentiation was implemented through various material formats, such as text, audio, and video, to accommodate diverse learning styles. Process differentiation was carried out using heterogeneous group-based learning methods and the use of teaching aids to improve student interaction and understanding. Meanwhile, product differentiation provides flexibility for students in displaying their understanding through various forms of assignments. Although this strategy increases student engagement and motivation, the main challenges found are limited resources, teacher readiness, and an evaluation system that does not fully support the differentiation approach. This study recommends increasing teacher training in differentiated learning strategies, optimizing the role of GPK, and utilizing educational technology to improve the effectiveness of inclusive learning.
Abstract The Oxford Handbook of Child-Centered Approaches to Migrant Children aims to bring child-centered approaches as applied to researching child migration to the forefront of academic and policy debates on … Abstract The Oxford Handbook of Child-Centered Approaches to Migrant Children aims to bring child-centered approaches as applied to researching child migration to the forefront of academic and policy debates on this topic. The chapters included in this volume cover the key debates in the field and provide important insights about recent developments in areas that inform use of the child-centered approach. The concept of the child-centered approach is widely recognized in the social sciences and humanities, including sociology, anthropology, education, psychology, social policy, and law. This approach, whether applied in research, policymaking, or practice, is based on children’s agency and participation and focuses specifically on their experiences, perspectives, and voices. To this end, the child-centered approach privileges children when designing research questions, providing descriptions, making interpretations, and carrying out analyses. By pairing the child-centered approach with concepts such as agency, voice, well-being, participation, and intergenerational justice that are used in contexts relevant to migrant children, this Handbook presents the major theoretical premises, epistemological approaches, and models used in different social settings and spheres, including research, education, and the political realm. It also describes the experiences of researchers in applying child-centered methods and approaches to their work and highlights the importance of ethical considerations and continuous reflexivity in relation to child-centered knowledge production. The Handbook additionally highlights the complexity and diversity of transnational childhoods from around the globe, as well as presents the experiences of different migrant groups, including undocumented and irregular migrants, asylum-seekers, economic migrants, and left-behind children. Lastly, it examines the fundamental legal principles and aspects of participation in relation to specific procedures, policy areas, and legal categories relevant to migrant children.
Małgorzata Kuczera | OECD social employment and migration working papers
Abstract This study adapts the English Social Mobility Index ( smi ) to the Scottish higher education system, addressing the distinct socio-economic and policy landscape of Scotland. The analysis evaluates … Abstract This study adapts the English Social Mobility Index ( smi ) to the Scottish higher education system, addressing the distinct socio-economic and policy landscape of Scotland. The analysis evaluates the role of Scottish universities in promoting social mobility by examining access, retention, and graduate outcomes, using data tailored to the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation ( simd ). Findings reveal a moderate inverse correlation between recruitment from disadvantaged backgrounds and retention rates, highlighting systemic barriers and resource constraints faced by institutions with high proportions of disadvantaged students. While post-1992 universities excel in widening access, their retention outcomes often lag, contrasting with research-intensive institutions like St Andrews and Aberdeen, which demonstrate strong retention but limited access. The study critiques the linear assumptions of traditional social mobility models, emphasising the structural challenges and zero-sum dynamics that hinder equitable progress. It underscores the need for differentiated funding models, targeted retention strategies, and a reimagining of success metrics to include intergenerational and non-economic outcomes. By providing a critical analysis of institutional contributions to social mobility, this research informs policy and practice, advocating for a more inclusive and nuanced approach to higher education equity.
Ensuring equitable access to higher education (HE) is not only a matter of social justice, but also a critical component to enhancing the long-term sustainability of modern societies. This study … Ensuring equitable access to higher education (HE) is not only a matter of social justice, but also a critical component to enhancing the long-term sustainability of modern societies. This study contributes to existing knowledge on socio-economic disparities in HE participation in Australia by identifying the extent to which key factors at the family, school, and individual levels mediate the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and university enrolment. In doing so, it extends existing knowledge by simultaneously considering multiple factors at each ecological level, which enables us to disentangle their independent and joint influences on the SES differential in HE enrolment. To accomplish this, we analysed longitudinal data from the 2009 cohort of the Longitudinal Survey of Australian Youth (LSAY) using event-history models. Our findings reveal that students from lower-SES backgrounds are significantly less likely to enrol in university than their higher-SES peers, with persistent barriers emerging across multiple levels of influence. Indeed, after adjusting for cognitive skills, HE expectations, parental support, school climate, and access to learning resources, the estimated SES effect on HE participation was reduced by 68.6%. By systematically disentangling the relative contributions of these factors, this study provides critical insights into how sustainable education policies can be designed to mitigate social inequalities and promote inclusive growth. Intervention areas are discussed accordingly.
Diversity is on the rise In Aotearoa New Zealand. This article conducts an updated exploration of New Zealand's educational landscape in light of this cultural richness, emphasizing the importance of … Diversity is on the rise In Aotearoa New Zealand. This article conducts an updated exploration of New Zealand's educational landscape in light of this cultural richness, emphasizing the importance of tailored policies and initiatives to address disparities and foster intercultural understanding within the context of superdiversity. It highlights the need for broader shifts towards creating inclusive educational environments, while also acknowledging and rectifying historical injustices experienced by Māori, as tangata whenua or people of the land. Integrating intercultural perspectives offers a promising pathway for societal transformation, championing respect, comprehension, and inclusivity across diverse communities in New Zealand and beyond. Although research on cultural responsiveness in New Zealand classrooms is growing, there is a notable gap in studies addressing Pasifika learners' experiences and the impact of Māori-medium education on student success. A stronger foundation in Pasifika pedagogical approaches and Māori education models will further inform New Zealand’s transition toward intercultural education. This thorough examination emphasizes the ongoing necessity for concerted efforts to address educational disparities and nurture intercultural understanding in New Zealand's evolving educational landscape.
Pooja Sharma | EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR)
Vocational education plays a pivotal role in shaping a nation's workforce and contributing to economic development. In the context of India, a rapidly evolving economy with a burgeoning population, the … Vocational education plays a pivotal role in shaping a nation's workforce and contributing to economic development. In the context of India, a rapidly evolving economy with a burgeoning population, the significance of vocational education cannot be overstated. This paper delves into the landscape of vocational education in India, exploring its historical evolution, current status, challenges, and potential strategies for improvement. By analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the existing vocational education system, this paper aims to provide insights and recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of vocational education in India. Keywords: Recommendations, Economic Development, Historical Evolution, Economy.
Philippe Prost | Routledge eBooks
Allen H. Moffitt | American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Reading comprehension is one of the primary issues we have been dealing with recently, for which we have not discovered a solution but must. Reading comprehension issues are very prevalent … Reading comprehension is one of the primary issues we have been dealing with recently, for which we have not discovered a solution but must. Reading comprehension issues are very prevalent in Davao del Sur. This qualitative study examines the challenges reading coordinators encounter in urban and rural areas while implementing reading programs at the primary education level in Davao del Sur, Philippines. Six participants were chosen through purposive sampling, with equal representation from urban and rural schools. In-depth, face-to-face interviews provided insights into their experiences. The findings reveal that despite having sufficient resources, urban coordinators need help motivating teachers and tailoring strategies to meet diverse student needs. Conversely, rural coordinators face more significant challenges, including limited resources, difficulties recruiting qualified teachers, and a need for more professional development opportunities. The study underscores the importance of improving resources, enhancing professional development, and fostering more vital collaboration between teachers and parents in urban and rural settings.
The aim of this research was to explore student career aspirations, their behaviour and their academic success. More precisely, the aim was to find out whether these variables are interrelated … The aim of this research was to explore student career aspirations, their behaviour and their academic success. More precisely, the aim was to find out whether these variables are interrelated and whether there are differences between students at the University of Split and the University of Mostar. The empirical research was conducted in January 2023 among students at the University of Split and in May 2023 among students of the University of Mostar. The research sample included 616 students from the University of Split, and 102 students from the University of Mostar. The data collected was analysed using several statistical procedures: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and independent sample t-test. The research results confirmed the existence of a relationship between student career aspirations, their behaviour and their academic success, which means that students with greater career aspirations exhibit good student behaviour patterns and are consequently more successful (achieve better academic results in terms of grades) or vice versa. Additionally, research results suggested the existence of differences in student career aspirations, behaviour and academic success, between the students of the University of Split and the University of Mostar. More precisely, research results showed that students at the University of Mostar had higher career aspirations and better behaviour, while students at the University of Split had a higher level of success.
This study assessed the integration of ICT in implementing a Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC) in public primary schools in Moshi Municipality, Tanzania. Specifically, the study aimed to determine teachers' perceptions of … This study assessed the integration of ICT in implementing a Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC) in public primary schools in Moshi Municipality, Tanzania. Specifically, the study aimed to determine teachers' perceptions of integrating ICT into their lessons and to examine the challenges they face in this process. A mixed-methods approach was employed, using a convergent parallel design and a sample of 266 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), while qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings revealed that the majority of participants viewed ICT integration in CBC as essential for delivering quality education to pupils. Most respondents reported access to mobile devices (smartphones) with internet and email functionality (75.5%), laptops (67.3%), tablets (61.6%), and desktop computers (60.4%). However, key challenges identified included a lack of ICT facilities (39.2%) and inadequate digital infrastructure (32.2%). The study concludes that although ICT integration is critical for improving the quality of education and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4, Target 4.1, its implementation in CBC remains limited. Consequently, the provision of quality education is hindered. The study recommends increased provision of ICT facilities and the development of digital infrastructure in schools. Furthermore, it calls for additional research on effective ICT integration in primary education.
Knowledge Management (KM) is essential to professional services such as quantity surveying, where the ability to capture, store, and reuse knowledge directly influences project success, decision-making, and organisational learning. However, … Knowledge Management (KM) is essential to professional services such as quantity surveying, where the ability to capture, store, and reuse knowledge directly influences project success, decision-making, and organisational learning. However, KM practices in the Nigerian construction industry, particularly among Quantity Surveyors, remain underdeveloped and poorly institutionalised. This study investigates the barriers affecting KM implementation among registered Quantity Surveyors in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered to 201 professionals, with 120 valid responses (59.70% response rate). The study employed Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), mean score ranking, and Cronbach’s alpha reliability testing to analyse the data and uncover underlying patterns. Two principal categories of KM barriers emerged: Knowledge Management Barriers and Cultural and Structural Barriers. The most critical challenges identified include the absence of clear KM metrics, weak knowledge retention strategies, fragmented knowledge repositories, and a lack of leadership commitment to KM. The results show that technical and managerial issues pose greater constraints to KM than cultural or behavioural resistance. These findings highlight the importance of addressing systemic weaknesses to promote sustainable knowledge practices. Theoretically, the study supports the applicability of the SECI model and Knowledge-Based View in emerging market contexts by demonstrating how technical limitations obstruct the externalisation and integration of knowledge. Practically, the study recommends the development of ICTsupported KM platforms, integration of KM key performance indicators into project appraisals, and the implementation of mentorship programmes to retain tacit knowledge. This study provides empirical insights that are valuable for researchers, industry practitioners, and policymakers aiming to institutionalise KM in Nigeria’s professional services sector. It contributes to the limited body of knowledge on KM barriers in sub-Saharan Africa and lays the groundwork for context-specific KM frameworks that can enhance performance, competitiveness, and innovation in the quantity surveying profession.
In Kenya, emphasis on skill-based learning is promoted through the establishment of the Vocational Technical Education and Training ACT (2013), which aims to promote vocational and technical-related skills. This study … In Kenya, emphasis on skill-based learning is promoted through the establishment of the Vocational Technical Education and Training ACT (2013), which aims to promote vocational and technical-related skills. This study sought to determine the enrolment of trainees with disabilities in TVET programs in Nandi and Uasin-Gishu Counties. The research adopted a descriptive survey research design complemented by stratified and purposive sampling. Interviews and closed and open-ended questionnaires were used to gather information, while data analysis was done using frequencies and calculating percentages. The research assessed enrolment rates of trainees with disabilities. Data from 10 institutions were analysed via SPSS and revealed critical insights on inclusive education in TVET institutions in Nandi and Uasin Gishu Counties. The sampled institutions were categorised into: National Polytechnics, Technical Training Institutes (TTIs), and Technical and Vocational Colleges (TVCs). The results from the research indicated that enrolment rates for students with disabilities were disproportionately low, with only 228 students out of a population of 10,000 students who were enrolled. The low enrolment was attributed to inadequate physical facilities, assistive resources, and societal stigma. The study found out that students with various categories of disabilities were admitted to the TVET institutions in Nandi and Uasin Gishu Counties viz, physical disabilities, visual and hearing impairments. The study recommended enhanced investment in infrastructure, targeted training for staff, curriculum reforms, and robust policy implementation to create equitable learning environments for all students, aligning with Vision 2030 and worldwide goals of development. The findings of the study were important in reinforcing the implementation of relevant policies on inclusive education and promoting inclusivity among disabled trainees in vocational and skill-based institutions in Kenya.
Teacher quality is the most significant school-based determinant of student success, yet fostering professional excellence in remote and culturally diverse regions like Papua, Indonesia, presents profound challenges. Private schools often … Teacher quality is the most significant school-based determinant of student success, yet fostering professional excellence in remote and culturally diverse regions like Papua, Indonesia, presents profound challenges. Private schools often fill critical educational gaps but their teachers can be professionally isolated. This study addressed the gap in long-term, evidence-based research on teacher professional development (TPD) in this unique context. A three-year (2021-2024) concurrent mixed-methods longitudinal study was conducted. The study involved 50 teachers from a network of five private schools in urban, semi-rural, and remote highland regions of Papua. A comprehensive TPD program, focusing on student-centered learning and culturally responsive pedagogy, was implemented. Quantitative data were collected annually using the Teacher Pedagogical Knowledge Test (TPKT), the Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES), and a structured Classroom Observation Protocol. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, teacher reflective journals, and focus group discussions with Professional Learning Communities (PLCs). Quantitative data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The longitudinal quantitative analysis revealed statistically significant improvements across all three years. Mean TPKT scores increased from 48.5 (SD=11.2) at baseline to 79.8 (SD=8.5) at endline (F(2, 98) = 157.2, p <0.001). Teacher self-efficacy scores also showed significant growth (F(2, 98) = 112.9, p <0.001). Classroom observations confirmed a marked shift from teacher-centered to student-centered practices. Qualitative findings identified three core themes: (1) "From Transmission to Facilitation: A Pedagogical Awakening," detailing the shift in teachers' core beliefs about learning; (2) "The Power of the Collective," highlighting the crucial role of PLCs in sustaining motivation and collaborative problem-solving; and (3) "Navigating the Cultural Interface," illustrating the teachers' journey in adapting curriculum to be more culturally responsive. In conclusion, sustained, context-specific, and collaborative TPD can foster profound and lasting improvements in teacher knowledge, self-efficacy, and classroom practice, even in highly challenging environments. The findings advocate for a shift away from isolated, short-term workshops towards integrated, long-term models that prioritize peer collaboration and cultural relevance, revealing a clear pathway from knowledge acquisition to a transformed professional identity.