Physics and Astronomy Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies

Description

This cluster of papers focuses on the acousto-optic interaction in crystalline materials, particularly the use of acousto-optic tunable filters for spectroscopy and imaging in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions. The papers cover topics such as elastic constants, photoelastic coefficients, spectral characterization, aberration analysis, and applications in chemical analysis and atmospheric composition measurements.

Keywords

Acousto-Optic; Crystals; Spectroscopy; Imaging; Elastic Constants; Photoelastic Coefficients; Tunable Filters; Ultraviolet; Visible; Near-Infrared

Elasticity of Minerals, Glasses, and Melts Jay D. Bass, Jay D. Bass Department of Geology, University of Illinois, 1301 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801Search for more papers by this … Elasticity of Minerals, Glasses, and Melts Jay D. Bass, Jay D. Bass Department of Geology, University of Illinois, 1301 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801Search for more papers by this author Jay D. Bass, Jay D. Bass Department of Geology, University of Illinois, 1301 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801Search for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Thomas J. Ahrens, Thomas J. AhrensSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1995 https://doi.org/10.1029/RF002p0045Citations: 228Book Series:AGU Reference Shelf AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Summary Introduction Citing Literature Mineral Physics & Crystallography: A Handbook of Physical Constants, Volume 2 RelatedInformation
Foreword to the Revised Edition. Preface. Fundamental Concepts. Introduction to Waves. Some Theorems and Concepts. Plane Wave Functions. Cylindrical Wave Functions. Spherical Wave Functions. Perturbational and Variational Techniques. Microwave Networks. … Foreword to the Revised Edition. Preface. Fundamental Concepts. Introduction to Waves. Some Theorems and Concepts. Plane Wave Functions. Cylindrical Wave Functions. Spherical Wave Functions. Perturbational and Variational Techniques. Microwave Networks. Appendix A: Vector Analysis. Appendix B: Complex Permittivities. Appendix C: Fourier Series and Integrals. Appendix D: Bessel Functions. Appendix E: Legendre Functions. Bibliography. Index.
A method is proposed for the determination of the optimum value of the regularization parameter (Lagrange multiplier) when applying indirect transform techniques in small-angle scattering data analysis. The method is … A method is proposed for the determination of the optimum value of the regularization parameter (Lagrange multiplier) when applying indirect transform techniques in small-angle scattering data analysis. The method is based on perceptual criteria of what is the best solution. A set of simple criteria is used to construct a total estimate describing the quality of the solution. Maximization of the total estimate is straightforward. Model computations show the effectiveness of the technique. The method is implemented in the program GNOM [Svergun, Semenyuk & Feigin (1988). Acta Cryst. A44, 244–250].
This book presents a systematic account of optical coherence theory within the framework of classical optics, as applied to such topics as radiation from sources of different states of coherence, … This book presents a systematic account of optical coherence theory within the framework of classical optics, as applied to such topics as radiation from sources of different states of coherence, foundations of radiometry, effects of source coherence on the spectra of radiated fields, coherence theory of laser modes, and scattering of partially coherent light by random media. The book starts with a full mathematical introduction to the subject area and each chapter concludes with a set of exercises. The authors are renowned scientists and have made substantial contributions to many of the topics treated in the book. Much of the book is based on courses given by them at universities, scientific meetings and laboratories throughout the world. This book will undoubtedly become an indispensable aid to scientists and engineers concerned with modern optics, as well as to teachers and graduate students of physics and engineering.
The one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation with a periodic and symmetric potential is considered, under the assumption that the energy bands do not intersect. The Bloch waves, ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{n,k}$, and energy bands, ${E}_{n,k}$, … The one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation with a periodic and symmetric potential is considered, under the assumption that the energy bands do not intersect. The Bloch waves, ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{n,k}$, and energy bands, ${E}_{n,k}$, are studied as functions of the complex variable, $k$. In the complex plane, they are branches of multivalued analytic and periodic functions, ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{k}$, and ${E}_{k}$, with branch points, ${k}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, off the real axis. A simple procedure is described for locating the branch points. Application is made to the power series and Fourier series developments of these functions. The analyticity and periodicity of ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{n,k}$ has some consequences for the form of the Wannier functions. In particular, it is shown that for each band there exists one and only one Wannier function which is real, symmetric or antisymmetric under an appropriate reflection, and falling off exponentially with distance. The rate of falloff is determined by the distance of the branch points ${k}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ from the real axis.
Thin flat films of cubic ionic crystals have sharp, strong infrared absorption bands at the frequencies characteristic of polar longitudinal optic modes of long wavelength in infinite crystals. The bands … Thin flat films of cubic ionic crystals have sharp, strong infrared absorption bands at the frequencies characteristic of polar longitudinal optic modes of long wavelength in infinite crystals. The bands occur only when the incident radiation beam is not normal to the surface and only in the $p$-polarized component of the radiation. They occur not only in transmission through the films, but also in reflection when the films are deposited on thick metallic or dielectric substrates. Such a band was observed in films of LiF and was found to be in good qualitative agreement with, but somewhat stronger than, the band predicted from a dielectric dispersion curve obtained from other types of measurements by Bilz, Genzel, and Happ.
A theory of short term spectral analysis, synthesis, and modification is presented with an attempt at pointing out certain practical and theoretical questions. The methods discussed here are useful in … A theory of short term spectral analysis, synthesis, and modification is presented with an attempt at pointing out certain practical and theoretical questions. The methods discussed here are useful in designing filter banks when the filter bank outputs are to be used for synthesis after multiplicative modifications are made to the spectrum.
(1992). Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids II. Journal of Modern Optics: Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 189-189. (1992). Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids II. Journal of Modern Optics: Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 189-189.
The physics of pyroelectric detectors is reviewed, including a discussion of response and electronic noise and their dependence on device design and material parameters. Other sources of noise are described, … The physics of pyroelectric detectors is reviewed, including a discussion of response and electronic noise and their dependence on device design and material parameters. Other sources of noise are described, particularly as generated by environmental effects such as microphony, together with techniques for their minimisation. The range of ferroelectric materials which have been assessed for use in pyroelectric detectors is reviewed and their properties compared, particularly from the aspect of application to different types of devices. Finally, an account is given of the wide range of applications for which pyroelectric detectors have been used, including a detailed description of both the pyroelectric vidicon and pyroelectric arrays and their application to thermal imagers.
Diffraction characteristics of general dielectric planar (slab) gratings and surface-relief (corrugated) gratings are reviewed. Applications to laser-beam deflection, guidance, modulation, coupling, filtering, wavefront reconstruction, and distributed feedback in the fields … Diffraction characteristics of general dielectric planar (slab) gratings and surface-relief (corrugated) gratings are reviewed. Applications to laser-beam deflection, guidance, modulation, coupling, filtering, wavefront reconstruction, and distributed feedback in the fields of acoustooptics, integrated optics, holography, and spectral analysis are discussed. An exact formulation of the grating diffraction problem without approximations (rigorous coupled-wave theory developed by the authors) is presented. The method of solution is in terms of state variables and this is presented in detail. Then, using a series of fundamental assumptions, this rigorous theory is shown to reduce to the various existing approximate theories in the appropriate limits. The effects of these fundamental assumptions in the approximate theories are quantified and discussed.
"Statistical Methods in Experimental Physics." Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics, 19(8), p. 715 "Statistical Methods in Experimental Physics." Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics, 19(8), p. 715
Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Shun Lien Chuang, Nasser Peyghambarian, Stephan Koch; Physics of Optoelectronic Devices. Physics Today 1 … Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Shun Lien Chuang, Nasser Peyghambarian, Stephan Koch; Physics of Optoelectronic Devices. Physics Today 1 July 1996; 49 (7): 62. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2807693 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
An all-reflector spectrometer is used to measure the refractive indices of the cubic crystals ZnS, GaP, SrTiO3, and Y3Al5O12; the tetragonal crystals rutile, CaWO4, SrMoO4, CaMoO4; the hexagonal crystals LiTaO3, … An all-reflector spectrometer is used to measure the refractive indices of the cubic crystals ZnS, GaP, SrTiO3, and Y3Al5O12; the tetragonal crystals rutile, CaWO4, SrMoO4, CaMoO4; the hexagonal crystals LiTaO3, CdSe, ZnO, and AlPO4; and the monoclinic crystal ZnWO4. Most of these are measured in the wavelength range 0.4 to 4 μ.
The system of differential equations of Kubelka-Munk, -di=-(S+K)idx+Sjdx, dj=-(S+K)jdx+Sidx(i, j⋯ intensities of the light traveling inside a plane-parallel light-scattering specimen towards its unilluminated and its illuminated surface; x⋯ distance from … The system of differential equations of Kubelka-Munk, -di=-(S+K)idx+Sjdx, dj=-(S+K)jdx+Sidx(i, j⋯ intensities of the light traveling inside a plane-parallel light-scattering specimen towards its unilluminated and its illuminated surface; x⋯ distance from the unilluminated surface S, K⋯ constants), has been derived from a simplified model of traveling of light in the material. Now, without simplifying assumptions the following exact system is derived: -di=-12(S+K)uidx+12Svjdx,dj=-12(S+K)vjdx+12Suidx,u≡∫0π/2(∂i/i∂φ)(dφ/cosφ), v≡∫0π/2(∂j/j∂φ)(dφ/cosφ), φ≡angle from normal of the light). Both systems become identical when u=v=2, that is, for instance, when the material is perfectly dull and when the light, is perfectly diffused or if it is parallel and hits the specimen under an angle of 60° from normal. Consequently, the different formulas Kubelka-Munk got by integration of their differential equations are exact when these conditions are fulfilled. The Gurevic and Judd formulas, although derived in another way by their authors, may be got from the Kubelka-Munk differential equations too. Consequently, they are exact under the same conditions. The integrated equations may be adapted for practical use by introducing hyperbolic functions and the secondary constants a=12(1/R∞+R∞) and b=12(1/R∞-R∞), (R∞≡reflectivity). Reflectance R, for instance, is then represented by the formula R=1-Rg(a-b ctghbSX)a+b ctghbSX-Rg(Rg≡reflectance of the backing, X=thickness of the specimen) and transmittance T by the formula T=ba sinhbSX+b coshbSX.In many practical cases the exact formulas may be replaced by appropriated approximations.
Chapter 1. The Electromagnetic Field. Chapter 2. Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation with Matter. Chapter 3. Reflection and Refraction of Plane Waves. Chapter 4. Optics of A Single Homogeneous and Isotropic … Chapter 1. The Electromagnetic Field. Chapter 2. Interaction of Electromagnetic Radiation with Matter. Chapter 3. Reflection and Refraction of Plane Waves. Chapter 4. Optics of A Single Homogeneous and Isotropic Layer. Chapter 5. Matrix Formulation for Isotropic Layered Media. Chapter 6. Optics of Periodic Layered Media. Chapter 7. Some Applications of Isotropic Layered Media. Chapter 8. Inhomogeneous Layers. Chapter 9. Optics of Anisotropic Layered Media. Chapter 10. Some Applications of Anisotropic Layered Media. Chapter 11. Guided Waves in Layered Media. Chapter 12. Optics of Semiconductor Quantum Wells and Superlattice Structures. Appendix: Zeros of Mode Dispersion RElation. Author Index. Subject Index.
Two approximate methods for solving the band-structure problem in an efficient and physically transparent way are presented and discussed in detail. The variational principle for the one-electron Hamiltonian is used … Two approximate methods for solving the band-structure problem in an efficient and physically transparent way are presented and discussed in detail. The variational principle for the one-electron Hamiltonian is used in both schemes, and the trial functions are linear combinations of energy-independent augmented plane waves (APW) and muffin-tin orbitals (MTO), respectively. The secular equations are therefore eigenvalue equations, linear in energy. The trial functions are defined with respect to a muffin-tin (MT) potential and the energy bands depend on the potential in the spheres through potential parameters which describe the energy dependence of the logarithmic derivatives. Inside the spheres, the energy-independent APW is that linear combination of an exact solution, at the arbitrary but fixed energy ${E}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, and its energy derivative which matches continuously and differentiably onto the plane-wave part in the interstitial region. The energies obtained with the linear-APW method for the MT potential have errors of order ${(E\ensuremath{-}{E}_{v})}^{4}$. Similarly, the energy-independent MTO is that linear combination which matches onto that solution of the Laplace equation in the interstitial region which is regular at infinity. The energies obtained with the linear-MTO method have additional errors of order ${(E\ensuremath{-}{V}_{\mathrm{mtz}})}^{2}$, arising from the interstitial region where the potential is ${V}_{\mathrm{mtz}}$. The linear-APW (LAPW) method combines desirable features of the APW and OPW methods; it can treat $d$ bands, the energy dependence of its pseudopotential is linear and, owing to the smoothness of the energy-independent APW at the spheres, non-MT contributions to the potential are included principally through their Fourier components. The linear-MTO (LMTO) method is particularly suited for closely packed structures and it combines desirable features of Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker, linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals, and cellular methods; the secular matrix is linear in energy, the overlap integrals factorize as potential parameters and structure constants, the latter are canonical in the sense that they neither depend on the energy nor the cell volume and they specify the boundary conditions on a single MT or atomic sphere in the most convenient way. This method is very well suited for self-consistent calculations. The empty-lattice test is applied to the linear-MTO method and the free-electron energy bands are accurately reproduced. Finally, it is shown how relativistic effects may be included in both the LAPW and LMTO methods.
Within the field of spectral imaging, the vast majority of instruments used are scanning devices. Recently, several snapshot spectral imaging systems have become commercially available, providing new functionality for users … Within the field of spectral imaging, the vast majority of instruments used are scanning devices. Recently, several snapshot spectral imaging systems have become commercially available, providing new functionality for users and opening up the field to a wide array of new applications. A comprehensive survey of the available snapshot technologies is provided, and an attempt has been made to show how the new capabilities of snapshot approaches can be fully utilized.
Optical Wave Propagation In Random Media - Background Review Optical Scintillation Modelling Theory Of Scintillation - Plane Wave Model Theory Of Scintillation - Spherical Wave Model Theory Of Scintillation - … Optical Wave Propagation In Random Media - Background Review Optical Scintillation Modelling Theory Of Scintillation - Plane Wave Model Theory Of Scintillation - Spherical Wave Model Theory Of Scintillation - Gaussian-Beam Wave Model Aperture Averaging Optical Communication Systems Fade Statistics For Lasercom Systems Laser Radar Systems - Scintillation Of Return Waves Laser Radar Systems - Imaging Through Turbulence.
Preface 1. Elementary coherence phenomena 2. Mathematical preliminaries 3. Second-order coherence phenomena in the space-time domain 4. Second-order coherence phenomenon in the space-frequency domain 5. Radiation from sources of different … Preface 1. Elementary coherence phenomena 2. Mathematical preliminaries 3. Second-order coherence phenomena in the space-time domain 4. Second-order coherence phenomenon in the space-frequency domain 5. Radiation from sources of different states of coherence 6. Coherence effects in scattering 7. Higher-order coherence effects 8. Elementary theory of polarization of stochastic electromagnetic beams 9. Unified theory of polarization and coherence Appendices Index.
The interaction between light and atoms or molecules in the solid state can be described by a complex refractive index or dielectric constant tensor ϵ. The dependence of ϵ on … The interaction between light and atoms or molecules in the solid state can be described by a complex refractive index or dielectric constant tensor ϵ. The dependence of ϵ on the wavelength of the incident radiation yields information about the energy bands of the electrons in the solid, and this dependence can be obtained by measuring the variation of reflectivity or transmission of a sample as a function of wavelength and polarization.
Foundations of Scalar Diffraction Theory Digital Fourier Transforms Simple Computations Using Fourier Transforms Fraunhofer Diffraction and Lenses Imaging Systems and Aberrations Fresnel Diffraction in Vacuum Sampling Requirements for Fresnel Diffraction … Foundations of Scalar Diffraction Theory Digital Fourier Transforms Simple Computations Using Fourier Transforms Fraunhofer Diffraction and Lenses Imaging Systems and Aberrations Fresnel Diffraction in Vacuum Sampling Requirements for Fresnel Diffraction Relaxed Sampling Constraints with Partial Propagations Propagation Through Atmospheric Turbulence Appendix A: Function Definitions Appendix B: MATLAB Code Listings References Index
Ferroelectric materials, in addition to possessing the unique property of a reversible, spontaneous polarization, exhibit a range of other significant and useful properties. These include high values of piezoelectric, pyroelectric, … Ferroelectric materials, in addition to possessing the unique property of a reversible, spontaneous polarization, exhibit a range of other significant and useful properties. These include high values of piezoelectric, pyroelectric, nonlinear optic, electrooptic, photorefractice and dielectric permittivity coefficients. Another fascinating property of ferroelectric materials is their photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic effects have been extensively studied in the past in symmetric materials such as silicon. This volume is the first concentrated treatment of the characteristics, theory and potential applications of the photovoltaic effect in noncentrosymmetric materials, which include ferroelectrics and piezoelectrics. The book also deals with the relationship between the photovoltaic and the photorefractive effects. The latter has already been well-studied and is finding many applications in optical processing and computing. This volume should prove to be an important text as well as a comprehensive reference source for basic and applied researchers working on photovoltaic, photorefractive and other photoeffects in ferroelectrics and related materials.
Abstract The scientific and technological interest in metamaterials is triggered by their specific unconventional optical properties, which enable a large pallet of applications. Here, we present the optical properties of … Abstract The scientific and technological interest in metamaterials is triggered by their specific unconventional optical properties, which enable a large pallet of applications. Here, we present the optical properties of metamaterials obtained by microstructuring in the form of square-cavity-array in the resist nanolayer on Si/NiCr/Ti/ multilayer. The infrared metamaterials shown polarization dependent response, which is pronounced at 80° angle of incident light and is adjustable via periodicity of the square-cavity-array in resist. An effective negative dielectric constant (< ε1>) was observed for all microstructures as a function of their periodicity. Interestingly, the porous platinum electrochemical filling extends the spectral range of negative extinction coefficients and makes that the effective dielectric constants approach to zero. Experimental results on square cavity array in resists are confirmed by COMSOL simulation.
Water disinfection is important in wide range of applications, like in laboratory, swimming pools and drinking water supplies. There are two major ways to disinfect water: UV radiation for laboratories … Water disinfection is important in wide range of applications, like in laboratory, swimming pools and drinking water supplies. There are two major ways to disinfect water: UV radiation for laboratories and smaller drinking water supplies, and Chlorine treatment for swimming pools and larger water supplies. Here, we are trying to find out if there is any common mechanism between UV radiation and Chlorine water disinfection processes. By applying the Resonant Recognition Model (RRM), we have found out, here, that there is a possibility for Chlorine chemical reaction to be based on resonant energy transfer and that this resonant energy transfer is at the specific wavelength range same as UV radiation wavelength range used for water disinfection. These results are giving new perspective to possibility that molecular interactions/chemical reactions are based on resonant energy transfer at specific wavelength, which determines the specificity of their activity and not on their aggregate state. We postulate that interaction of particular chemical with surrounding structures is based on electromagnetic energy transfer between interacting entities.
Relevance. Currently optimization of refractive surgery remains relevant, which would technically ensure the ease of performing the operation with the least trauma and complications, and at the same time would … Relevance. Currently optimization of refractive surgery remains relevant, which would technically ensure the ease of performing the operation with the least trauma and complications, and at the same time would allow obtaining high visual functions, preserve the biomechanical properties of the cornea and shorten the postoperative recovery period for patients. Purpose. To analyze the scientific literature on modern methods of refractive extraction of corneal lenticule. Material and methods. To search for sources of information on a given topic, the PubMed, Scopus and eLIBRARY platform was used for the period from 2009 to 2024 inclusive, using keywords: myopia, refractive lenticule extraction, femtosecond laser, complications of refractive surgery (and the same words in Russian). Results. Our analysis of the literature showed that currently there are several methods of refractive extraction of corneal lenticule, which occupy their niche in refractive surgery. Conclusion. The generally accepted criteria for assessing the results of keratorefractive surgery are effectiveness, predictability, stability and safety, determined by the obtained visual acuity and the presence of complications. Currently existing new methods of refractive extraction of corneal lenticule require further study and optimization. Key words: myopia, refractive lenticule extraction, femtosecond laser, complications of refractive surgery
Abstract Harnessing light–sound interaction in photonic integrated circuits can enable many classical and quantum applications on a chip. With excellent piezoelectricity and broad transparency window, lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) … Abstract Harnessing light–sound interaction in photonic integrated circuits can enable many classical and quantum applications on a chip. With excellent piezoelectricity and broad transparency window, lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) is an ideal platform for integrated acousto‐optic devices. Here, by utilizing bound states in the continuum for ultralow‐loss waveguiding, highly efficient intramodal and intermodal acousto‐optic modulation is demonstrated on an etchless lithium niobate integrated platform in the telecommunication band. The maximal intramodal acousto‐optic modulation efficiency is −13.17 dB, measured at microwave power of 14 dBm and drive frequency of 0.76 GHz, corresponding to a V π L of 1.133 V cm. The intermodal acousto‐optic modulation is realized with TM 00 –TM 10 mode conversion, achieving a single‐sideband contrast of >20 dB over a broad optical bandwidth at drive frequency of ≈0.663 GHz, corresponding to a V π L of 1.993 V cm measured at ≈1551.6 nm. These devices establish a direct link between optical and microwave photons on LNOI platform, paving the way for many applications such as acoustic sensing, magnetic‐free isolation, on‐chip heterodyne detection, and programmable photonic routing.
The conventional phosphor-converted white light emitting diode (WLED) suffers from several drawbacks relevant to heat generation and low rendered performance. Thus, using ultraviolet LEDs was introduced as a solution. It … The conventional phosphor-converted white light emitting diode (WLED) suffers from several drawbacks relevant to heat generation and low rendered performance. Thus, using ultraviolet LEDs was introduced as a solution. It is essential to choose the phosphors with high stability that can activated under 350-410 nm to be compatible with the chips. Rare-earth-doped silicate phosphor is among the most reserched materials for solid-state light devices, thanks to its high stability and low-cost production. This work presents the Eu<sup>2+</sup> -doped Ca<sub>2</sub>MgSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> green phosphor to serve the pursuit of comprehensively enhancing the WLED performances. The f–d transitions and Eu<sup>2+</sup> ions mixture take possession of two seperate cation spots in main grids with the help of two emission peaks, one at 465 nm and another at 520 nm. The composition of YAG:Ce3+ and Ca<sub>2</sub>MgSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> phosphors, and a near-UV chip of 370 nm were utilized to compose WLEDs. Results show that by increasing the Ca<sub>2</sub>MgSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> phosphor amount, the lumen output, correlated color homogeneity, and color rendering factors can be improved. The paper emphasizes the necessity for the optimal selection of the Ca<sub>2</sub>MgSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> phosphor concentration, which would be about 10 wt%. The phosphors could be promising in making green-induced white luminous materials for white pc-LEDs with near UV-base.
Manipulation and control of traveling surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are critical to the realization of high-performance integrated acousto-optic modulators (AOMs). In this paper, we present the chalcogenide glass (ChG) acoustic … Manipulation and control of traveling surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are critical to the realization of high-performance integrated acousto-optic modulators (AOMs). In this paper, we present the chalcogenide glass (ChG) acoustic reflector-loaded thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) AOMs with single-arm and single-finger configurations based on the forming mechanism of the acoustic standing wave. Through the engineering of dielectric acoustic reflectors, threefold modulation efficiency improvement is achieved for the TFLN MZI AOM with X–Z orientation, while twofold bandwidth extension is demonstrated for the counterpart with X–30°Y orientation. Propagation loss of the Rayleigh SAW around 0.85 GHz and the reflection coefficient of ChG acoustic grating are measured to be 3.04 dB/mm and 0.34, respectively. Introduction of dielectric acoustic reflectors opens a new pathway to the study of efficient and wideband acousto-optic interaction devices.
Time series of thermal emissions from water vapor and air molecules at ≈2.8GHz, collected by the National Center for Atmospheric Research's (NCAR) S-band polarimetric radar S-Pol are examined for polarization … Time series of thermal emissions from water vapor and air molecules at ≈2.8GHz, collected by the National Center for Atmospheric Research's (NCAR) S-band polarimetric radar S-Pol are examined for polarization probability distributions. A nearly uniform distribution of states on the Poincaré sphere surface is found. This uniformity is consistent with the four-dimensional circular Gaussian distribution of electric fields (pairs of in-phase and quadrature components for two orthogonal directions) for unpolarized radiation. Analysis of experimental data and the derived sampling distribution of the degree of polarization of the finite time series both yield a mean of about 0.02, within bounds of sampling variability of unpolarized Gaussian-distributed radiation. Weak inhomogeneity of polarization states on the Poincaré sphere detected in the experimental data is within the error bounds of the radar receiver.